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1

Mount Suhora High Cadence Photometric Survey of T Tauri-Type Stars

Siwak M., Dróżdż M., Gut K., Winiarski M., Ogłoza W., Stachowski G.

Acta Astronomica

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2019

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Vol. 69, No. 3

227--260

EN

Results of high-cadence multi-color observations of 121 pre-main sequence stars available from the northern hemisphere are presented. The aim of this survey was to detect transit-like signatures caused by occultation of these young stars and their accretion-induced hot spots by close-in planets and/or dusty clumps. Although none planetary transits were detected, our data allow the determination of rotational periods for some T Tau stars and characterization of the accretion processes operating in classical T Tau-type stars in time scales ranging from a few minutes to days, as well as characterization of the large-scale dips caused by dusty warped disks.

2

Narażenie mieszkańców Zabrza na metale ciężkie emitowane z hałd poprzemysłowych

Piekut A., Krzysztofik L., Gut K.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

|

2018

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Vol. 19, nr 4

30--36

PL

Celem pracy była ocena pozażywieniowego narażenia mieszkańców Zabrza na metale ciężkie zawarte w odpadach pogórniczych i pohutniczych, składowanych na terenie tego miasta w postaci hałd. Próbki materiału odpadowego pobrane z pięciu hałd znajdujących się w Zabrzu, poddano analizie chemicznej na Cd, Pb, Zn, Hg, As, Ni, Cr, Cu. Wyniki analizy chemicznej posłużyły do szacunkowej oceny narażenia mieszkańców Zabrza, drogą pozażywieniową, na kadm, ołów i rtęć i stanowiły podstawę do oceny ryzyka zdrowotnego związanego z wtórnym pyleniem z hałd poprzemysłowych. Większość przebadanych próbek pobranych z hałd poprzemysłowych w Zabrzu (70%) wykazała stężenia metali ciężkich (As, Cd, Pb, Zn) przekraczające wielokrotnie najwyższe dopuszczalne wartości, przez co stanowić mogą istotne źródło narażenia mieszkańców miasta na te metale. Maksymalna wartość dopuszczalna stężenia przekroczona była 27-krotnie. Szacunkowa ocena narażenia mieszkańców Zabrza drogą pozażywieniową na Pb obecny w odpadach zgromadzonych na jednej z hałd wskazuje na istotne zagrożenie dla osób spacerujących lub biegających na tym terenie, w wyniku pylenia wtórnego powierzchni. Obecność wysokich stężeń metali w analizowanych próbach, zwłaszcza toksycznego i kancerogennego kadmu, ołowiu oraz arsenu, wskazuje na konieczność zabezpieczenia powierzchni hałd przed wtórnym pyleniem oraz wdrożenie innych działań prewencyjnych, zmniejszających narażenie mieszkańców Zabrza na metale ciężkie.

EN

The aim of the study was to assess the non-dietary exposure of Zabrze residents to the heavy metals contained in the post-mining waste stored in this city in the form of heaps. The samples of waste material taken from five heaps located in Zabrze, were subjected to the chemical analysis related to the Cd, Pb, Zn, Hg, As, Ni, Cr, and Cu content. The results of the chemical analysis were used to estimate the exposure of Zabrze residents by non-dietary ingestion to cadmium, lead and mercury and they were the basis for assessing the health risk associated with secondary dusting from post-industrial dumps. The vast majority (70%) of the tested samples taken from the industrial waste in Zabrze showed the concentrations of heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, Zn) exceeding the highest acceptable values many times, which could constitute a significant source of exposure of the city residents to these metals. In the extreme case, the maximum admissible concentrations were exceeded 27 times. Estimation of the non-dietary exposure of Zabrze inhabitants to the Pb present in the waste collected on one of the dump indicates a significant risk for people walking or running on this area, as a result of secondary dusting. The presence of such high concentrations of heavy metals, especially very toxic and carcinogenic cadmium, lead and arsenic in the analyzed samples indicates the need to protect the surface of waste dumps from secondary dusting and to implement other preventive measures that reduce the exposure of Zabrze residents to heavy metals.

3

Zanieczyszczenie czekolad związkami kadmu na polskim rynku. Regulacje prawne

Rogala D., Hajok I., Baranowska R., Spychała A., Gut K.

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2017

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T. 71, nr 9

32--37

PL

Czekolada to bogate źródło składników odżywczych i mineralnych. W wyniku procesów technologicznych oraz w zależności od rodzaju ziaren kakaowca zastosowanych do produkcji wyroby czekoladowe mogą być zanieczyszczone metalami ciężkimi, m.in. kadmem. Celem pracy było wykazanie, czy spożycie czekolady może zwiększyć narażenie konsumentów na związki kadmu. Przeprowadzono zatem analizę stężenia kadmu w czekoladach o zróżnicowanej zawartości miazgi kakaowej z uwzględnieniem aktów prawnych normujących zawartość kadmu w wyrobach czekoladowych. Materiałem badawczym było 50 czekolad polskich producentów, które pogrupowano w zależności od zawartości miazgi kakaowej na trzy kategorie: 30-43% (19 próbek), 60-70% (21 próbek) i 90% (10 próbek). W próbkach czekolad oznaczono stężenie kadmu przy użyciu spektrometru, a uzyskane wyniki zestawiono z najwyższymi dopuszczalnymi poziomami kadmu w wyrobach czekoladowych. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że stężenie kadmu w analizowanych próbkach jest zróżnicowane i uzależnione od zawartości miazgi kakaowej. W grupie czekolad o zawartości miazgi kakaowej 90% oznaczono najwyższe stężenia kadmu, a najniższe w grupie czekolad o najmniejszej zawartości miazgi kakaowej (30-43%). Szacunkowa ocena narażenia wykazała, że zawartość kadmu w czekoladach polskich producentów nie stanowi istotnego zagrożenia dla zdrowia konsumentów. Stężenia kadmu w czekoladach zależą od zawartości miazgi kakaowej i zgodnie z najnowszymi regulacjami prawnymi oznaczone zawartości kadmu nie będą stanowiły zagrożenia również dla zdrowia dzieci.

EN

Chocolate is a rich source of nutrients and minerals. However, as a result of technological processes and depending on the type of cocoa beans used in the manufacture process, chocolate products can be contaminated with heavy metals such as cadmium. The aim of the study was to determine whether the consumption of chocolate can increase the exposure of the consumers to cadmium compounds. An analysis of the concentration of cadmium in chocolates with varying content of cocoa liquor with consideration legal acts regulating the cadmium content in chocolate products was carried out. The material were 50 bars of chocolate, manufactured in Poland; these chocolates were grouped according to the content of cocoa solids into three categories: 30-43% (19 samples), 60-70% (21 samples) and 90% (10 samples). The concentration of cadmium inside the chocolate samples were marked with a spectrometer. The results were compared with the maximum levels of cadmium in chocolate products. The concentration of cadmium in the analyzed samples varied and depended on the amount of cocoa solids inside the chocolate. In the chocolate group containing 90% cocoa solids, the concentration of cadmium was high. The lowest concentration was determined in the group with the lowest chocolate solids (30-43%). Estimated exposure assessment has shown that the cadmium content in chocolates manufactured in Poland does not constitute a serious threat to the health of consumers. Concentrations of cadmium in chocolates depend on the content of cocoa solids and according to the latest legal regulations, the determined cadmium content does not endanger the health of children.

4

Comparison of programming languages on the iOS platform in terms of performance

Gut K., Skublewska-Paszkowska M., Łukasik E., Smołka J.

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

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2017

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T. 7, nr 3

33--36

EN

In 2014, Apple unveiled a completely new programming language for the iOS and OS X platforms. Swift was presented as a modern programming language, such as: safe, easy to learn and easy to use. This article presents the performance comparison between the Swift and Objective-C languages. For the purpose of the research, two applications were developed, one in each language, implementing sorting algorithms and data structures such as arrays, dictionaries and sets.

PL

W 2014 roku firma Apple zaprezentowała nowy język programowania na platformę iOS oraz OS X. Swift został przedstawiony jako nowoczesny język programowania: bezpieczny, łatwy do nauki i prosty w użyciu. Artykuł przedstawia porównanie wydajności języków Swift i Objective-C biorąc pod uwagę czasy wykonania algorytmów. W celu przeprowadzenia badań powstały w obu językach aplikacje implementujące algorytmy sortowania oraz operacje na strukturach danych takich jak: tablice, słowniki oraz zbiory.

5

Spectropolarimetric analyses of optical single mode SU8 waveguide layers

Gut K., Opilski Z.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2015

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Vol. 63, nr 2

349--352

EN

The paper presents the principle of the operation of a spectropolarimetric interferometer. In a planar waveguide orthogonal modes of the TE and TM types can be excited for the entire visible light. During the propagation the difference of the phases between the modes was determined, which is the function of the length of the path of propagation, the difference of the effective refractive index (NTM-NTE) and the wavelength. At the output of this system the spectral distribution of intensity was recorded, the shape of which depends on the value of the refractive index of the cover of the waveguides.

6

The sensitivity of sensor structures with oxide graphene exposed to selected gaseous atmospheres

Pustelny T., Drewniak S., Setkiewicz M., Maciak E., Urbańczyk M., Procek M., Gut K., Opilski Z., Jagiello J., Lipinska L.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2013

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Vol. 61, nr 3

705--710

EN

The paper presents the results of investigations on the resistive structure with a graphene oxide (GO) sensing layer. The effects of dangerous gases (hydrogen and nitrogen dioxide) on the structure were studied; the resistance changes were examined during the flow of the selected gas in the atmosphere of synthetic air. Measurements were performed with a special emphasis on the detection of low concentrations of the analyzed gases. The reactions of the sensing structure to the effect of nitrogen and synthetic air at different humidity were also tested. Much attention was also paid to the fast response of the sensor to the changes in the gas atmosphere. The thin palladium layer (~2 nm) has been applied in order to improve the sensing properties of the structure. The investigations were performed in the temperature range from RT to 120°C and the analyzed gases in synthetic air were batched alternately with pure synthetic air.

7

The sensibility of resistance sensor structures with graphene to the action of selected gaseous media

Pustelny T., Setkiewicz M., Drewniak S., Maciak E., Stolarczyk A., Urbańczyk M., Procek M., Gut K., Opilski Z., Pasternak I., Strupinski W.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2013

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Vol. 61, nr 2

293--300

EN

The paper presents resistance sensor structures with a graphene sensing layer. The structures were tested concerning their sensitivity to the affects of hydrogen, nitrogen dioxide and steam in an atmosphere of a synthetic air. Investigations have proved that resistance structures with a graphene layer are sensitive to the presence of the tested gases. The resistance of the structures amounted to about 10Ω, whereas changes in the resistances affected by the external gaseous medium were contained within the range of a several mΩ. The investigations confirmed that the resistance structures with graphene exposed to the affect of hydrogen in atmosphere of synthetic air change their resistances practically at once (within the order of only a few seconds). This indicates that such structures might be practically applied in sensors of hydrogen ensuring a short time of response.

8

A suggestion of utilizing bimodal layers of the polymer SU8 for the purpose of monitoring the changes in the refractive index

Gut K.

Optica Applicata

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2012

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Vol. 42, nr 2

407-416

EN

The paper presents the results of investigations concerning the measurements of the refractive index and the thickness of planar waveguide structures, obtained by photopolymerization of the polymer SU8. In the paper, the mode sensitivity has been calculated as a function of the thickness in a bimodal structure. The differential interference has been analyzed, concerning the modes of the same types TE0-TE1 and TM0-TM1. The thickness of the layer has been determined when the interferometer is most sensitive to the changes in the refractive index.

9

Wykorzystanie światła rozproszonego do wyznaczania dwójłomności modowej światłowodów planarnych

Gut K., Herzog T.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2012

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Vol. 53, nr 11

36-37

PL

W ostatnich latach intensywnie rozwijane czujniki światłowodowe. W grupie tych czujników szczególne miejsce zajmują czujniki interferometryczne. W interferometrach różnicowych wykorzystuje się zjawisko zmiany fazy pomiędzy prowadzonymi modami na skutek zmian parametrów optycznych toru światłowodowego. Przy konstrukcji tego typu sensorów podstawowym parametrem jest dwójłomność modowa światłowodu. W pracy przedstawiono metodę wyznaczania dwójłomności modowej światłowodu. Pomiar dwójłomności modowej światłowodów wymaga równoczesnego pobudzenia ortogonalnych modów TE i TM których stałe propagacji są zbliżone. Realizuje się to ustalając odpowiedni stan polaryzacji wiązki wejściowej i kąt wprowadzenia jej do pryzmatu sprzęgającego. Kamera CCD nad światłowodem (poprzez odpowiedni ustawiony polaryzator) rejestruje światło rozproszone. Analiza rozkładu natężenia światła pozwala na wyznaczenie dwójłomności modowej badanego światłowodu.

EN

In recent years, optical waveguide sensors developed intensively. Among these sensors occupy a special place interferometrie sensors. The interferometers are used to the phenomenon of differential phase shift between the ongoing mods due to changes in the optical parameters of waveguide. The design of this type of sensor is a fundamental parameter of the modal birefringence. The paper presents a method for determining the modal birefringence waveguide. Measurement of modal birefringence requires simultaneous excitation of orthogonal modes TE and TM propagation constants which are similar. This is done by setting the appropriate polarization state of the input beam and the angle of the prism is put into the coupling. CCD camera over waveguide (through a polarizer set) records the scattered light Analysis of the scattered light intensity distribution allows us to determine the modal birefringence of the waveguide.

10

Gas sensors based on nanostructures of semiconductors ZnO and TiO2

Pustelny T., Procek M., Maciak E., Stolarczyk A., Drewniak S., Urbańczyk M., Setkiewicz M., Gut K., Opilski Z.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2012

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Vol. 60, nr 4

853-859

EN

The paper presents a resistance structures with sensor layers based on nanostructures elaborated on the base of TiO2 and ZnO. The structures were tested concerning their sensitivities to the effects of nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere of synthetic air. The TiO2 and ZnO nanostructures played the role of sensor layers. Investigations have proved that the elaborated resistance structures with TiO2 and ZnO layers are sensitive to the presence of NO2 in the atmosphere of synthetic air. The resistance of the structure amounted to about 20 in the case of ZnO structures and to about 200 in the case of TiO2 structures. The investigations confirmed that resistance structures with ZnO and TiO2, exposed to the effect of nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere of synthetic air changes their resistances relatively fast. This indicates that such structures might be practically applied in sensors of nitrogen dioxide ensuring a short time of response.

11

Layered thin film nanostructures of Pd/WO3-x as resistance gas sensors

Urbańczyk M., Maciak E., Gut K., Pustelny T., Jakubik W.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2011

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Vol. 59, nr 4

401-407

EN

Layered nanostructures of tungsten trioxide WO3-x about 62 nm thick, with a very thin film of palladium (about 3.3 nm) on the top, have been studied for gas-sensing application at temperatures 50.C and 120.130.C and low NO2 and NH3 concentrations in 6%, 30% or 45% relative humidity in the air. Thin film WO3-x nanostructures were obtained by vacuum deposition on a common Si-SiO2 substrate at room temperature and 120.C. The palladium was coated by vacuum evaporation at room temperature and 4 �E 10.6 mbar on WO3-x layers obtained at two different substrate temperatures. The average rate of growth of the films, controlled by a QCM, was 0.1.0.2 nm/s. A multi-channel (four-channel interdigital gold electrodes) planar resistance gas sensor structure was used in the experiments. The surface of the nanostructures was characterized by means of the AFM method. Good sensor results have been observed at these layered nanostructures with an increasing resistance for NO2 molecules and decreasing resistance for NH3 molecules in a humid air atmosphere. The interaction and recovery speed were higher in the case of the nanostructure obtained at room temperature.

12

Differential interference in a polymer waveguide

Gut K.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2011

|

Vol. 59, nr 4

395-399

EN

The paper presents the results of investigations concerning the measurement of the refractive index and the thickness of planar waveguide structures, obtained by photo polymerization of the polymer SU8. In the paper the mode sensitivity has been calculated as a function of the thickness in a single-mode structure. The thickness of the layer has been determined in the case when the interferometer is most sensitive to changes of the refractive index.

13

Analiza czułości planarnych, polimerowych światłowodów rewersyjnych

Gut K., Pustelny T., Drewniak S.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2010

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Vol. 51, nr 6

27-30

PL

W niniejszej pracy zaprezentowano analizę teoretyczną światłowodów o odwróconej symetrii ze zwróceniem uwagi na możliwe zastosowanie ich jako elementy składowe czujników. Zasada odwróconej symetrii jest oparta na wytworzeniu współczynnika załamania podłoża falowodowego mniejszego niż współczynnik załamania ośrodka pokrywającego warstwę falowodową (nwody = 1,33) [5]. Taka kolejność warstw jest przeciwstawna konwencjonalnej geometrii światłowodu, gdzie podłożem jest zazwyczaj szkło ze współczynnikiem załamania ok. 1,5. Zaletą przedstawionej konfiguracji rewersyjnej jest głębsza penetracja pola zanikającego do medium pokrycia, co teoretycznie zwiększa czułość na zmiany współczynnika załamania analitu w porównaniu do tradycyjnie zaprojektowanego światłowodu [5]. W pracy prezentowane będą obliczenia czułości i badania głębokości wnikania pola zanikającego konwencjonalnego światłowodu oraz światłowodu z symetrią rewersyjną, gdzie jako współczynnik załamania warstwy światłowodowej przyjęto wartość 1,59 (polimer SU8). Polimerowe światłowody są dobrymi kandydatami do tanich i produkowanych na masową skalę modułów czujników o odwróconej symetrii.

EN

In this paper an extensive theoretical analysis of reverse symmetry waveguide was presented. Possible application this waveguides as a component of sensors was considered. Principle is based on [5] formation of the refractive index of the substaring layer which is smaller than refractive index of the (n water= 1.33). Such order of layers is opposite to conventional geometry of waveguide, where the glass with the refractive indes about 1.5 is the substrate. Deeper penetration of evanescent field to the cover medium is advantage of presented reversed configuration [5], because it increases sensitivity to the change of refractive index of the analyte comparing with traditional design waveguide. In this paper calculation of the sensitivity and the studies of depth of evanescent field conventional and reverse symmetry wayeguide will be shown. As an refractive index value 1.59 was taken (polymer SU8). Polymer waveguides are good candidates for cheap and produced on a wide scale, modules of the sensor with reverse symmetry.

14

Investigation of planar sensing structures for gas detections by means of scattered light methode

Gut K., Pustelny T., Nowak M.

Molecular and Quantum Acoustics

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2007

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Vol. 28

101-106

EN

Due to the variety of waveguides in planar structures, the measurements of attenuation are characterized by a considerable variety of applied methods, developed for given type of waveguides. The method of measuring scattered light is, therefore, of much importance in the case of waveguides with a rather high attenuation, because it is an exceptionally fast and simple method, which is doubtlessly the effect of the development of numerical detection systems. The paper presents the process of measurements basing on scattered light, combined with an analysis of its application, as well exemplary results concerning the planar structures of waveguides achieved by means of ion exchange on soda-lime glass.

15

Composite waveguide structures

Gut K.

Molecular and Quantum Acoustics

|

2005

|

Vol. 26

91--95

EN

Planar waveguide in which some range of the waveguide has been modified by depositing on it a layer of some other dielectric, are called composite optical waveguides. This kind of structure is of much interest due to considerable possibilities of taking measurements, which may contribute to a further development of optoelectronic sensor. Especially required are sensor systems in chemistry, biochemistry, biotechnology, and others. Investigations on the properties of composite layers constitute a continuation of investigations concerning the construction of interferometers, witch are very sensitive, cheep and easy to be produced.

16

Special optical fiber type D applied in optical sensor of electric currents

Pustelny T., Barczak K., Gut K., Wojcik J.

Optica Applicata

|

2004

|

Vol. 34, nr 4

531-539

EN

The Paper deals with investigation concerning new optical fiber structures type D which may be applied in optical fiber sensors of magnetic field and electric current. These structures have been designed, produced and tested. The results of measurements of the magneto-optic effect and the distribution of mode fields in such optical fibers have been presented, as well as the test stand designed for investigation of magneto-optic phenomena.

17

Two-Mode Planar and Channel Polarimetric Difference Interferometer

Gut K.

Molecular and Quantum Acoustics

|

2004

|

Vol. 25

101-108

EN

In the paper are presented investigations of planar and channel polarimetric interferometer made by ion exchange in glass for sensor applications. J have determined the dependence of the difference of propagation constants of orthogonal modes of the same order on the refractive index of the cover, for planar waveguides obtained during the ion exchange K+-Na+ in the glass BK-7. Similar measurements have been made for the exchange Ag+-Na+, determining also for that case the influence of heating time on those parameters.

18

Investigating the Attenuation Changes of Modes Guided in Waveguides with Absorbing Cover

Gut K., Pamuła M.

Molecular and Quantum Acoustics

|

2001

|

Vol. 22

187-196

EN

The paper is summarizing theoretical and experimetal works carried out so far, involving the investigation on the influence of the absorption of the planr waveguide's cover on the attenuation of the guided modes - a phenomenon being a fundamental element for the functioning of optic sensors based on the effect of absorption change af the cover. Theoretical fundamentals of this phenomenon have been discussed, a new measurement methods has been.

19

Present state and perspectives involving application of ion exchange in glass

Opilski A., Rogoziński R., Gut K., Błachut M., Opilski Z.

Opto-Electronics Review

|

2000

|

Vol. 8, No. 2

117-127

EN

This paper presents recent developments in investigations of glass intregrated optical circuit. Components are realised by the waveguide technologies: single ion exchange, creating of buried strip waveguides, double ion exchange, and doped glass strip waveguides. Moreover, double refraction of glass planar waveguides, equipment and elements on glass planar waveguides and multimode interference structures in the technology of elements of integrated optics and plasmon interaction are illustrated.

20

Influence o Selected Technological Parameters on the Differences Constants for Planar Waveguides Obtained with Ion Exchange Technique

Gut K.

Molecular and Quantum Acoustics

|

2000

|

Vol. 21

79-86