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Pro-quality improving of products in SMEs from the Visegrad Group Countries (V4)

Siwiec Dominika, Pacana Andrzej, Simková Zuzana, Metszosy Gabriella, Bednárová Lucia

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 194

449--459

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article was to analyse the qualitative approach to product improvement by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) from the Visegrad Group (V4) countries (Poland, Slovakia, Czech Republic, and Hungary). Design/methodology/approach: The analysed results included a research sample of 379 companies in the electromechanical industry (machinery processing industry). The sample was obtained between March and September 2023 by means of a guided survey. Analyses of the results of quantitative research were carried out to verify the approaches of SMEs from V4 countries to pro-quality product, including comparative analyzes of the results obtained. Analyses were performed using the ANOVA test (repeated measure designs). The Mann Whitney U test was used to identify statistically significant differences in entrepreneurs' responses. The significance level adopted was a = 0.05. Findings: It has been shown that SMEs from V4 countries have different approaches to improving product quality. Additionally, it was shown that both in the case of pro-quality activities of SMEs from the V4 countries, the lowest consistency of assessments occurs in the following countries: Poland and Slovakia, Poland and Hungary, Slovakia and Hungary. Practical implications: Research results may contribute to more effective and coherent development activities of SMEs in the V4 countries as part of their sustainable development. Social implications: Based on the research conducted, it is possible to provide SMEs in V4 countries with a more adequate approach to undertake consistent and effective quality activities as part of the improvement of the product. Originality/value: Determining the current pro-quality approach to product improvement in SMEs in the V4 countries. The novelty is also the identification of the importance (level of importance) of these approaches in each V4 country, as well as the determination of the similarities and differences between these approaches in SMEs from countries in the Visegrad Group.

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Instruments used to improve the betterment of products quality

Hajduk-Stelmachowicz Marzena, Bełch Paulina, Siwiec Dominika, Bednárová Lucia, Pacana Andrzej

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 157

151--171

EN

Purpose: The main goal of the research was to determine the spectrum of instruments supporting management processes that are used to improve the quality of products in terms of sustainable development. We analyzed the degree of their use in the practical functioning of the surveyed enterprises. In addition, the aim of the research was to determine the scope of application of the indicated instruments or the possibility of their use in the decision-making process relating to the improvement of the broadly understood quality of products. Design/methodology/approach: The research method applied are: 1) standardized survey research making based on a survey conducted in contact and remote way conducted in 78 enterprises in south-eastern Poland; 2) analysis of the source documentation and in-depth interviews. It is a component of broader research. Findings: The following methods were used in decision-making processes with varying frequency: the Delphi method by 58% of respondents, Tree of Failure Analysis (by 52%), Event Tree Analysis (by 44%), and the QFD method (by 41% respondents). The surveyed companies that have implemented a vapour management system based on ISO standards tend to use 5 methods out of 25 cited in this study (these are a survey, brainstorming, 5Why and/or 5W2H, benchmarking, and the Delphi method). As a result of using mainly the above mentioned methods in decision-making processes, 74% (out of all) of the respondents indicated an increase in the quality level of products, and 39% of respondents indicated the enhancement of the pro-ecological impact of products on the natural environment. Research limitations/implications: Most of the analysed enterprises from SMEs are tried integrating qualitative-environmental actions as part of improving the quality of products. This approach is crucial when improving the quality of products in SMEs. Practical implications: It is necessary to develop a multidimensional modl enabling the optimization of decision-making processes with the possibility of making full use of the available instruments for improving the quality of the product in such a way as to meet the rapidly changing requirements of stakeholders. Originality/value: The article has cognitive value for development of knowledge, science, quality, and environmental in the area of management of products.

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Improvement of the machine control process using the work standardisation card

Zwolenik Paulina, Pacana Andrzej, Bednárová Lucia

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 157

743--754

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article was to propose the possibility of implementing a work standardisation card for a company in the passenger land transport industry – a ski lift. Design/methodology/approach: The analysed ski lift, located in Southern Poland, should undergo daily checks on the condition of its equipment to ensure trouble-free operation. Current non-standardised operations may increase the risk of error. The proposed document, the work standardisation card, makes it possible to supervise the control and minimise the possibility of failure. Findings: The introduction of the work standardisation card allows to increase the efficiency of the work and the analysis of the results obtained allowed to classify the most time-consuming activities. Research limitations/implications: In order to reduce costs, as a result of failures, and to increase quality and customer satisfaction, it is proposed to introduce documents as part of the working standard. Practical implications: Future research should focus on opportunities to further improve machine condition monitoring. The presented methodology can be applied to other activities that occur during ski lift operation, such as breakdowns. Originality/value: The work is a useful resource for companies in the tourism and transport industry and the transport sector, due to the universality of the standards used.

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European integration and development of the EU-10 countries in view of selected social phenomena

Smolińska Kinga, Józefowicz Karolina, Bednárová Lucia

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 157

509--522

EN

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to determine the level of development in the EU-10 countrie in view of social phenomena. Design/methodology/approach: the TOPSIS method was applied to rank countries in terms of social phenomena – the list comprised countries, which in 2004 accessed the EU. The paper focused on social phenomena, i.e. health, the labour market, housing, demography and education. Findings: It refers to the basic assumptions and the importance of integration in the international context as well as the related theories. Moreover, it presents the relationship between integration and the level of development in countries in terms of the social aspects. At the same time it discusses the process of social changes which have taken place in the Central and Eastern European countries (CEESs) since their accession to the European Union. Research limitations/implications: The text discusses problems related to the European integration and social development in the EU countries. Practical implications: The manuscript concerns social development in the EU-10 countries and European integration. It may be of interest for the broadly understood governmental sector. Social consequences: Conducted studies will constitute the basis for the development of European and national development strategies in terms of improvement of welfare for the populations, while also indicating the direction of changes and ensuring comparability of the results concerning transformations in the countries, which accessed the EU in 2004. Originality/value: The originality of the study will stem from the application of the TOPSIS method, required to classify the countries and to determine the standard of their development in terms of social phenomena.

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Determinants of making decisions in improving the quality of products

Siwiec Dominika, Bełch Paulina, Hajduk-Stelmachowicz Marzena, Pacana Andrzej, Bednárová Lucia

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 157

497--507

EN

Purpose: The basic purpose of research was to determine the causes of making the decision that manufacturers on their way to improve the quality of their products. Design/methodology/approach: The research method applied in article is mainly standardized survey research making based on survey conducted in contact and remote way conducted in 78 enterprises in south-eastern Poland. The research process also accompanied analysis of thesource documentation. Findings: It was concluded that decision during improving quality of the product were making mainly in simultaneously with considering customers' requirements of the customers about the quality of the products and the impact of products on the natural environment. Research limitations/implications: Most of the verified enterprises from SMEs are tried integrating qualitative-environmental actions as part of improving the quality of products. This is a favorable condition for further research, so that it is possible to adjust the quality and environmental approach when improving the quality of products in SMEs. Practical implications: Discussion of the results of research have a series of practical implications mainly for product management staff. Especially in organizations that designed new products or also in significant modification of these products. Social implications: Building awareness improves not only quality of products, but also simultaneously in line with sustainable development, including in improving environmental aspects. Originality/value: The article has cognitive value for development of knowledge, science, quality, and environmental in the area of management of products.

6

Approach to predict product quality considering current customers’ expectations

Siwiec Dominika, Pacana Andrzej, Bednárová Lucia

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 155

461--472

EN

Purpose: The purpose was to develop an approach to predict product quality considering current customers' expectations. Design/methodology/approach: The approach includes integrated techniques, i.e.: SMART(-ER) method, a questionnaire with the Likert scale, brainstorming (B&M), WSM method, and Naïve Bayes Classifier. This approach refers to obtaining customers' expectations for satisfaction from the current quality of products and the importance of these criteria. Based on the satisfaction of customers, the quality of the product was estimated and classified. Then, the quality of the product was predicted for current customers. Findings: It was shown that it is possible to predict product quality based on current customer expectations, and so based on the current existing product. Research limitations/implications: The proposed approach does not include the possibilities of determining the expected quality of the product. The approach focuses on predicting customers' satisfaction with the current quality of the product. Therefore, if there is a need for improvement actions, further analyzes should be carried out to determine which criteria should be modified and how. Practical implications: The presented approach can be used for any product. Therefore, it is a useful tool for any kind of organization, which strives to meet customer satisfaction. Despite the possibility to predict the quality of the product, the proposed approach can indicate at an early stage to the organization that it is necessary to make improvement actions. Social implications: It is possible to reduce the waste of resources by predicting that improvement actions are necessary. Moreover, the approach supports an entity (e.g., expert, enterprise, interested parties) in predicting current customers' satisfaction. Originality/value: Originality is predicting product quality based on current customers' expectations. A new combination of quality management techniques, decision support, and machine learning was implemented.

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Analysis and improvement of the production system in production enterprise

Pacana Andrzej, Czerwińska Karolina, Bednárová Lucia

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2021

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z. 153

357--368

EN

Purpose: The aim was to analyze inconsistencies in the production process of rebated internal frame and panel doors using KPIs and to identify causes of deviations from the quality plan using selected quality management tools. Design/methodology/approach: KPIs and instruments of quality management (Pareto-Lorenz diagram, Ishikawa diagram and 5Why?) were used. The survey covered products manufactured in the third and fourth quarters of 2019. Findings: It was found that the most serious non-compliance was the presence of an uneven rim surface (Pareto-Lorenz diagram). Potential causes were inadequate gluing of the door leaf layers and the use of worn flange processing equipment (Ishikawa diagram). On the other hand, the root cause of the quality problem turned out to be the lack of supervision and proper training of employees (5Why method). Research limitations/implications: The presented research process has no limitations – it can be used in manufacturing companies. Further research will concern the application of the methodology to the analysis of other products offered by the company. Practical implications: the research contributed to the identification of the causes of the lowered quality level, which will allow to implement appropriate remedial measures. As part of the improvement measures, training must be carried out at the workplace and the availability of work instructions must be ensured. Originality/value: so far no extended quality analyses have been conducted in the company – no KPIs have been used in combination with extended analyses carried out with the use of quality management tools. The presented methodology is useful for the company where the analysis was made and for the manufacturing companies that want to effectively improve their production processes.

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Projakościowa metoda doboru produktów chemicznych

Siwiec Dominika, Bednárová Lucia, Pacana Andrzej

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2021

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T. 100, nr 4

378--381

PL

Zaproponowano metodę do projakościowego doboru produktów chemicznych, którą stanowiły połączone metody fuzzy TOPSIS (technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution) i analiza cenowo-jakościowa (ACJ). Projakościowy dobór produktów chemicznych uwzględniał poziom ich jakości, toksyczność oraz cenę zakupu. Podczas doboru produktów wykorzystano rozmytą skalę preferencji, która dodatkowo usprawniła proces doboru poprzez zmniejszenie liczby niepewnych i niekompletnych informacji.

EN

The 5 inks for pad printing were subjected to selection anal. using the fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal soln., combined with the qual. price anal. The criteria for the selection of inks were: substrate for ink application, type of ink, required additives, drying time, toxicity and the purchase price. The proposed method of integrated techniques was effective in the selection of chem. products.

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Analiza odporności na przebicie folii Eco Performance® pre-stretch

Radoń-Cholewa Anna, Bednárová Lucia, Sopel Jacek, Pacana Andrzej

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2021

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T. 100, nr 6

573--575

PL

Badano parametry 13-warstwowej folii stretch płaskiej, Eco Performance pre-strech, do owijania ręcznego pod kątem maksymalnej odporności na przebicie. Folia ta wytwarzana jest innowacyjną w skali światowej metodą produkcji in-line, czyli bezpośrednio na linii technologicznej, co sprawia, że uzyskuje się efekt pre-stretch bez konieczności używania dodatkowych urządzeń do przewijania i rozciągania folii. Poprzez takie rozwiązanie uzyskano w bezpieczniejszym środowisku pracy ekologiczny produkt o dużej odporności na przebicie, a co się z tym wiąże o zwiększonej stabilizacji owijanego nią ładunku. Celem było określenie odporności na przebicie tak otrzymanej folii o grubości 7 i 8 μm oraz porównanie jej z folią pre-stretch otrzymaną metodą przewijania i z klasyczną folią strech o grubości 8 μm wytwarzaną metodą cast. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że folia Eco Performance pre-stretch o grubości 7 i 8 μm charakteryzuje się większą odpornością na przebicie (drogą do przebicia) od folii pre-stretch otrzymywanych w procesie tradycyjnego konfekcjonowania folii na przewijarkach.

EN

The 13-layer Eco Performance pre-stretch foil for manual wrapping was manufd. directly on the technological line and tested for max. puncture resistance. Eco Performance pre-stretch foils with a thickness of 7 and 8 μm showed 35-50% greater puncture resistance than pre-stretch foil obtained in the process for traditional foil packaging on rewinding machines.

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Diagnozowanie jakości powierzchni tłoka aluminiowego po procesie fosforanowania

Czerwińska Karolina, Bednárová Lucia, Pacana Andrzej, Kawalec Małgorzata

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2020

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T. 99, nr 10

1538--1540

PL

We współczesnych przedsiębiorstwach kontrola jakości prowadzona po procesach obróbki chemicznej, jako procesach specjalnych, stanowi jeden z kluczowych elementów ukazujących poziom organizacji produkcji. Umiejętne stosowanie dostępnych technologii oraz dostępnych instrumentów zarządzania jakością stwarza możliwość ciągłego eliminowania niezgodności u ich źródeł. Celem badań było zdiagnozowanie powierzchni tłoków poddanych przemysłowej obróbce powierzchni poprzez fosforanowanie. Tłoki te przeznaczone były do silników diesla stosowanych w pojazdach lekkich. Określono źródła niezgodności powstające w procesie fosforanowania odlewów. Wykorzystano w tym celu i zintegrowano wybrane techniki zarządzania jakością. Działania te przyczyniły się do znacznego zmniejszenia liczby wyrobów niezgodnych.

EN

The Ishikawa diagram and ABCD-Suzuki method were used to det. the reasons for incorrect coverage of the Al piston surface with a phosphate layer. The defect resulted from inadequate degreasing of the piston surface.

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Internal benchmarking in Slovak SME : a case study

Bednárová Lucia, Šimková Zuzana, Pavolová Henrieta

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2020

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Vol. 21, No. 1

104--118

EN

The constantly and rapidly changing market, new competition entering the market, or globalization, mean that companies have to constantly rethink their existing operations. The aim of study was to analyze these facts in small and medium-sized enterprises, which seek to eliminate their weaknesses and improve their strengths, with the aim of defining and creating a competitive advantage. This is the key to fighting existing competition. However, in order to identify it, it is necessary to know in detail the external environment of the subject, which we monitored by two main methods, using PEST analysis and the subsequent proceed to the analysis within the company by using the benchmarking method. The presented article describes and applies the benchmarking method within the company Š-Auto, which operates in eastern Slovakia in several district cities. The results brought us conclusions that allow us to provide services of the same high quality level in all operations for customers in analyzed SME.

PL

Stale i szybko zmieniający się rynek, nowa konkurencja wchodząca na rynek lub globalizacja oznaczają, że firmy muszą ciągle przemyślać swoje dotychczasowe działania. Celem badań była analiza tych faktów w małych i średnich przedsiębiorstwach, które starają się wyeliminować swoje słabości i poprawić swoje mocne strony, w celu zdefiniowania i stworzenia przewagi konkurencyjnej. To jest klucz do walki z istniejącą konkurencją. Aby go jednak zidentyfikować, konieczne jest szczegółowe poznanie zewnętrznego środowiska podmiotu, które monitorowaliśmy dwiema głównymi metodami, wykorzystując analizę PEST, a następnie przechodziliśmy do analizy w firmie, stosując metodę benchmarkingu. Prezentowany artykuł opisuje i stosuje metodę analizy porównawczej w spółce Š-Auto, która działa we wschodniej Słowacji w kilku miastach powiatowych. Wyniki przyniosły wnioski, które pozwalają świadczyć usługi o tym samym wysokim poziomie jakości we wszystkich operacjach dla klientów w analizowanych MŚP.