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Kryzys fosforowy – czym jest i jak się z nim można uporać?

Byczyński Łukasz

Przemysł Spożywczy

2022

T. 76, nr 11

14--19

Wyczerpujące się zasoby łatwo dostępnego dla roślin fosforu, wzrost cen pasz i fosforytów oraz zanieczyszczenie fosforanami wód powierzchniowych są objawami szerszego zjawiska, określanego jako kryzys fosforowy. W artykule pokrótce wyjaśniono, jakie znaczenie ma fosfor w produkcji rolniczej i żywieniu zwierząt, z czego wynika obecna sytuacja związana ze zmniejszaniem się źródeł fosforu oraz jego udziałem w procesie eutrofizacji wód, a także dokąd prowadzą te zmiany oraz jak można sobie z tym problemem poradzić.

The depletion of readily available for plants phosphorus, the increase in feed and phosphate prices, and the pollution of surface waters with phosphate are symptoms of a wider phenomenon known as the phosphorus crisis. This article briefly explains the importance of phosphorus in agricultural production and animal nutrition, what causes the current situation with decreasing sources of phosphorus and its contribution to process of eutrophication of waters, as well as where we are going and how we can deal with this problem.

Synthesis and characterization of one-component, moisture curing polyurethane adhesive based on Rokopol® D2002

Wadas Jadwiga, Oliwa Rafał, Pilch-Pitera Barbara, Byczyński Łukasz, Heneczkowski Maciej, Florjańczyk Zbigniew, Plichta Andrzej, Rokicki Gabriel

Polimery

2020

T. 65, nr 7-8

568--571

One-part, moisture curing polyurethane (PUR) adhesives based on poly(oxypropylene)diol Rokopol® and 4,4’-diphenylmethylene diisocyanate (MDI) modified with di-isononyl phthalate and a number of inorganic fillers and additives such as carbon black, thixotropic agent, dispersants and dibutyltin dilaurate as curing catalyst were developed. Adhesive curing was followed using dynamic oscillation rheometry and effect of some components on viscoelastic properties of curing materials was discussed. The cured materials were characterized by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and water contact angle measurements. The adhesive performance of obtained materials in bonding aluminum was evaluated by tensile shear bond strength tests.

Opracowano jednoskładnikowe kleje na osnowie diizocyjanianu 4,4’-metylenodifenylu (MDI) i polioksypropylenodiolu z środkami pomocniczymi (ftalanem diizononylu jako plastyfikatorem, napełniaczami: talkiem, haloizytem, modyfikowanym bentonitem; dyspergatorami, sadzą pigmentową i katalizatorem utwardzania – dilaurynianem dibutylocyny). Proces sieciowania analizowano za pomocą reometru z dynamiczną oscylacją. Metodą różnicowej kalorymetrii skaningowej wyznaczano temperaturę zeszklenia, ponadto określano kąt zwilżania i właściwości adhezyjne otrzymanych materiałów przeznaczonych do łączenia spoin Al/Al.

Hybrid nanobiocomposites based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) : characterization, thermal and mechanical properties

Zarzycka Iwona, Czerniecka-Kubicka Anna, Szyszkowska Agnieszka, Pyda Marek, Frącz Wiesław, Byczyński Łukasz, Sedlarik Vladimir

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

2020

Vol. 22, no. 1

97--110

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) is a biopolymer used to production of implants in the human body. On the other hand, the physical and mechanical properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) are compared to the properties of isotactic polypropylene what makes poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) possible substitute for polypropylene. Unfortunately, the melting point of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) is almost equal to its degradation temperature what gives very narrow window of its processing conditions. Therefore, numerous attempts are being made to improve the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) properties. In the present work, hybrid nanobiocomposites based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) as a matrix with the use of organic nanoclay – Cloisite 30B and linear polyurethane as a second filler have been manufactured. The linear polyurethane was based on diphenylmethane 4,4′-diisocyanate and diol with imidazoquinazoline rings. The obtained nanobiocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopies, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and their selected mechanical properties were tested. The resulting hybrid nanobiocomposites have intercalated/exfoliated structure. The nanobiocomposites are characterized by a higher thermal stability and a wider range of processing temperatures compared to the unfilled matrix. The plasticizing influence of nanofillers was also observed. In addition, the mechanical properties of the discussed nanobiocomposites were examined and compared to those of the unfilled poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). The new-obtained nanobiocomposites based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) containing 1% Cloisite 30B and 5 wt. % of the linear of polyurethane characterized the highest improvement of processing conditions. They have the biggest difference between the temperature of degradation and the onset melting temperature, about 100 °C.