Metals distribution on the surface of quartz fiber filters used for particulate matter collection

• Autorzy: Widziewicz K. , Loska K. , Rogula-Kozłowska W.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1515/aep-2015-0036

Warianty tytułu

PL

Rozkład metali na powierzchni filtrów kwarcowych stosowanych do poboru pyłu zawieszonego

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Presented study aimed to determine metals distribution on the quartz fiber filters surface coated with particulate matter by using high and low-volume samplers. The distribution pattern was tested using two different sub-sampling schemes. Each sub-sample was mineralized in the nitric acid in a microwave oven. An analysis was performed by means of atomic absorption spectroscopy with electrothermal atomization GF-AAS technique, and the determined elements were: As, Cd, Pb and Ni. A validation of the analytical procedure was carried out using NIES 28 Urban Aerosols standard reference material. It was assumed that metal is distributed uniformly if its normalized concentrations on a single sub-sample is within ±15% of the mean concentration over the whole filter. The normalized concentrations values exceed this range, indicating a non-homogenous metals distribution. There were no statistically significant differences in metals concentrations between particular sub-samples in the function of its position along the filters diameter.

PL

Praca miała na celu zbadanie rozkładu metali na powierzchni filtrów kwarcowych pokrytych pyłem zawieszonym zebranym przy użyciu wysoko- oraz niskoprzepływowych analizatorów powietrza. Rozkład badano przy użyciu dwóch różnych systemów podpróbkowania filtrów. Każdą podpróbkę mineralizowano w kwasie azotowym w piecu mikrofalowym. Analizę przeprowadzono techniką absorpcyjnej spektroskopii atomowej z atomizacją elektrotermiczną GT–AAS, za pomocą której oznaczano następujące pierwiastki: As, Cd, Pb i Ni. Walidację procedury analitycznej przeprowadzono przy użyciu certyfikowanego materiału odniesienia NIES28 Urban Aerosols. Założono, że metal jest rozłożony na powierzchni filtra równomiernie, jeśli jego znormalizowane stężenie na pojedynczej podpróbce mieści się w zakresie ±15% średniego stężenia na całym filtrze. Ponieważ wartości znormalizowanych stężeń metali przekraczały ten zakres, wskazywało to jednoznacznie na nierównomierny ich rozkład na powierzchni filtrów. Nie stwierdzono statystycznie istotnych różnic w stężeniach metali pomiędzy poszczególnymi fragmentami filtrów w funkcji ich położenia względem średnicy filtrów.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

particulate matter; PM2.5; metals; quartz fiber filters; homogeneity; distribution

PL

pył zawieszony; PM2.5; rozkład metali; filtr kwarcowy; spektroskopia atomowa

• Wydawca: Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences
• Czasopismo: Archives of Environmental Protection
• Rocznik: 2015
• Tom: Vol. 41, no. 4
• Strony: 3--10
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 28 poz., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Widziewicz K.

• Silesian University of Technology, Poland Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering
• Institute of Environmental Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland

autor

Loska K.

• Silesian University of Technology, Poland Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering

autor

Rogula-Kozłowska W.

• Institute of Environmental Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland

Bibliografia

• [1] Anglov, J.T.B., Holst, E., Dyg, S. & Christensen, J.M. (1993). Iron, manganese, copper and titanium in welding fume dust on filters for internal and external quality assurance, Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 345, pp. 335–339.
• [2] Brown, R.J.C., Jarvis K.E., Disch, B.A., Goddard, S.L. & Brown, A.S. (2009). Spatial inhomogeneity of metals in particulate matter on ambient air filters determined by LA-ICP-MS and comparison with acid digestion ICP-MS, Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 11, pp. 2022–2029.
• [3] Brown, R.J.C. & Keates, A.C. (2011). Spatial inhomogeneity of anions in ambient particulate matter collected on air filters: Determination using a drift-corrected ion chromatography technique, Talanta, 84, pp. 918–923.
• [4] BS EN 14907:2006, “Ambient air quality – Standard gravimetric method for determining the mass fraction of PM2.5 particulate matter”.
• [5] Chartier, K.L. & Weitz, M.A. (1998). A comparison of filter types in the collection and gravimetric determination of airborne particulate matter less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5), Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 48, pp. 1199–1203.
• [6] Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe.
• [7] Dreetz, C.D. & Lund, W. (1992). Air-intake filters used for multi-element analysis of airborne particulate matter by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, Analitica Chimica Acta, 262, pp. 299–305.
• [8] EPA (2008). Laboratory Determination of Particle Deposition Uniformity on Filters Collected Using Federal Reference Method Samplers. (http://www.epa.gov/ttn/naaqs/standards/pb/data/20081007LabDetermination.pdf (07.09.2015))
• [9] Finlayson-Pitts, B.J. & Pitts, J.N. (1986). Atmospheric chemistry: fundamentals and experimental techniques, Wiley, New York 1986.
• [10] IOŚ-PIB (2011). The analysis of PM10 and PM2.5 ambient air pollution including its chemical composition and the influence of natural sources, Zabrze. Final report. (pp. 2–274) (http://www.gios.gov.pl/zalaczniki/artykuly/analiza_stanu_zanieczyszczenia_PM10_2_5.pdf (07.09.2015)). (in Polish)
• [11] Kobus, D., Iwanek, J., Mitosek, G. & Mill, W. (2007). Organization of air quality monitoring data collection in Poland. Review of available air quality data, Institute of Environmental Protection, Warsaw 2007.
• [12] Leśniok, M. (2011). Changeability of air pollution in Katowice Region (Central Europe, Southern Poland), Advanced Air Pollution, Dr. Farhad Nejadkoorki (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-511-2, InTech, DOI: 10.5772/22013. (http://www.intechopen.com/books/advanced-air-pollution/changeability-of-air-pollution-in-katowice-region-centraleurope-southern-poland-(07.09.2015))
• [13] Low, P.S. & Hsu, G.J. (1990). Determination of atmospheric lead by Zeeman solid sampling graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 337, pp. 299–305.
• [14] Marrero, J., Rebagliati, R.J., Gomez, D. & Smichowski, P. (2005). A study of uniformity of elements deposition on glass fiber filters after collection of airborne particulate matter (PM-10), using a high-volume sampler, Talanta, 68, pp. 442–447.
• [15] Moura, M, Vasconcelos, M. & Machado, A. (1987). Determination of lead in atmospheric aerosols by electrothermal atomization atomic-absorption spectrometry with direct introduction of filters into the graphite-furnace, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2, pp. 451–454.
• [16] PN-EN 12341:2006a: Air quality – Determination of the PM10 fraction of suspended particulate matter – Reference method and field test procedure to demonstrate reference equivalence of measurement methods.
• [17] PN-EN 14907:2006b: Ambient air quality – Standard gravimetric measurement method for the determination of the PM2,5 mass fraction of suspended particulate matter.
• [18] Pöykiö, R., Peramaki, P. & Ronkkomaki, H. (2003). The homogeneity of heavy metal deposition on glass fibre filters collected using a high-volume sampler in the vicinity of an opencast chrome mine complex at Kemi, Northern Finland, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 375, pp. 476–481.
• [19] Prządka, Z., Skotak, K. & Bruszewski, H. (2012). Uniformity of distribution of particulate matter on filters used in high volume samplers, Ochrona Środowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych, 54, pp. 236–247.
• [20] Regulation of the Ministry of Environment of 24 August 2012 concerning evaluation of substances levels in the air, Journal of Laws 2012, item 1031.
• [21] Regulation of the Minister of Environment of 26 January 2010 on the reference values for certain substances in the air (DzU Nr 16, poz. 87), Warszawa 2010
• [22] Rogula-Kozłowska, W., Błaszczak, B., Szopa, S., Klejnowski, K., Sówka, I., Zwoździak, A., Jabłońska, M. & Mathews, B. (2013). PM(2.5) in the central part of Upper Silesia, Poland: concentrations, elemental composition, and mobility of components, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185, pp. 581–601.
• [23] Rogula-Kozłowska, W., Kozielska, B. & Klejnowski, K. (2013). Concentration, origin and health hazard from fine particle-bound PAH at three characteristic sites in Southern Poland, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination And Toxicology, 91, pp. 349–355.
• [24] Rogula-Kozlowska, W., Blaszczak, B. & Klejnowski, K. (2011). Concentrations of PM2.5, PM2.5-10 and PM-related elements at two heights in an urban background area in Zabrze (Poland), Archives of Environmental Protection, 37, pp. 31–47.
• [25] Steinhoff, G., Haupt, O. & Dannecker, W. (2000). Fast determination of trace elements on aerosol-loaded filters by X-ray fluorescence analysis considering the inhomogeneous elemental distribution, Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 366, pp. 174–177.
• [26] Viana, M., Kuhlbusch, T.A.J., Querol, X., Alastuey, A., Harrison, R.M., Hopke, P.K., Winiwarter, W., Vallius, W., Szidat, S., Prévôt, A.S.H., Hueglin, C., Bloemen, H., Wåhlin, P., Vecchi, R., Miranda, A.I., Kasper-Giebl, A., Maenhaut, W. & Hitzenberger, R. (2008). Source apportionment of particulate matter in Europe: A review of methods and results, Aerosol Science, 39, pp. 827–849.
• [27] Yang, X.J., Wan, P.Y. & Foley, R. (2012). Effect of sample digestion, air filter contamination, and post-adsorption on the analysis of trace elements in air particulate matter, Clean-Soil, Air, Water, 40, pp. 1217–1221.
• [28] Zdrojewski, A., Quickert, N. & Dubois, L. (1973). The accurate measurement of cadmium in airborne particulates, International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 2, pp. 331–341.