Elementy wkładu Arabów do farmakognozji średniowiecza łacińskiego

• Autorzy: Burchardt J.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Elements of the Arabs’ contribution to the pharmacognosy of the Latin middle ages

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

Most of the pharmacognosy in the Latin Middle Ages (11 th-15th centuries), just like almost all of the medical knowledge of that period, emerged in the course o f translation of medical treatises written in the Arabic language and script. For instance, the views of the great Graeco-Roman physician Galen were arranged into a homogenous system by Hunain ibn Ishak, an authority on the medical treatises by Galen; because o f the fact that Latin Europe learnt about it from the arabie version, this system is now referred to as Arabic Galenism. The Latin translations o f the pharmacognostic treatises of Pseudo- Mesue (10th century) and Pseudo-Serapio (13th century) introduced Europe to new medications, unknown to Dioscurides in the 1st century AD or Galen in the 2nd century AD. Among these drugs were: alkanet (Lawsonia inermis L.), Socotran aloe (Aloe poeryi Baker and A. Socotrina L.), alunite, then called Yemeni alum (alumen iameninum), Meccan bdellium (gum resin o f Hyphaena thebaica Mart., Arecaceae), gum arabie (from Acacia tortilis Hayne, Mimosaceae), myrrh (gum resin from the tree Commiphora abysinnica Engler, Burseraceae), the fruit of barberry (Berberis vulgaris L., Berberidaceae), borage (Borago officinalis L., Boraginaceae), ambergris (the fragrant substance from the digestive tract o f the sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus L.), Borneo camphor or bomeol (plates or follicles under the bark of the Indonesian and Indian tree Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn., Diperocarpacceae), cassia pods (pods of Cassia fistula L., Caesalpiniaceae), and cassia bark extracted from among the many varietes of Greek cassia (the bark of the cinammon-like Cinnamonum cassia Blume, Lauraceae). The Arabs’ exports to Europe includes grains of the cubeb pepper (Piper cubeba L., Piperaceae), mace (nutmeg aril osnowka muszkatołowa) and nux muscata (nutmeg) from the nutmeg tree (Myristica fragrans Houtt., Myristiceae), Meccan senna (sene, the leaves of Cassia angustifolia Vahl., Caesalpiniaceae) turpeth (the root of Iopomoea turpethum R. Brown, Convolvulaceae), ginger (zinziber, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Zingiberaceae) and cane sugar (zuccarum, Saccharum officinarum L., Poaceae) a preservative of compound drugs.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

medycyna; leki; farmakognozja

EN

medicine; drugs; pharmacognosy

• Wydawca: Instytut Historii Nauki im. L. i A. Birkenmajerów Polskiej Akademii Nauk
• Czasopismo: Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
• Rocznik: 2001
• Tom: R. 46, nr 2
• Strony: 7--34
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 147 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Burchardt J.

• Wrocław