Groundwater quality and risk of pollution from natural, human and urban transport activities in the drini basin

• Autorzy: Beqaj Blerina , Çobani Entela

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.20858/sjsutst.2021.111.1

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Groundwater quality study was conducted in the Drini basin situated in the northern part of the Albanian territory. The objective of this study was to identify the quality of groundwater in four different well-defined monitoring sites. Groundwater is vital for the population and is considered to be subject to continuous exploitation with high growth intensity, and permanent risk of pollution from natural and human activities. Contamination of groundwater occurs when synthetic products such as gasoline, oil, road salts and chemicals get into the groundwater and return it unsafe and unfit for human use. Groundwater monitoring was carried out according to a network, which aimed to include mainly the most intensive areas of exploitation and distribution in the aquifer. Samples were collected in two different months of June and October in four monitoring drilling sites and were analysed for those key indicators defined by the rules and procedures for the drafting and implementation of the national programme of environmental monitoring in Albania. The study results reveal that geological formation, human activities as well as environmental conditions affect groundwater quality. Complete chemical analysis revealed that the groundwater in this area results in medium hardness, has good physico-chemical properties, local pollution is encountered, and there is no massive pollution of the basin. They are waters with low mineralisation. Further, they are neutral waters, which meet the allowed norm for drinking water. The pollution displayed is occasional, as the presence of NH4+ and NO2- are isolated cases, manifested mainly by the non-application of areas of strictness and sanitary protection around the drill and the small cover of the subaxillary layer. The analysis performed for microelements shows that the content of some heavy metals is below the maximum allowed amount; this demands serious future attention to the density of the network and the monitoring frequency in this basin. The risk of pollution in the Drini basin is high due to the small protective cover, especially in the source of Dobrac. Intensive exploitation can lead to the mixing of fresh water with water with high mineralisation. The concentration of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, Na+, K+ and Cl− in the water samples known as the major pollutants from the urban transport sector, has shown that the values are within the water quality standard. The low concentration of these pollutants was due to the distance of the drilling sites from the roads in these areas.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

groundwater quality; pollution; human activity; urban transport

PL

jakość wód gruntowych; zanieczyszczenie; działalność człowieka; transport miejski

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska
• Rocznik: 2021
• Tom: z. 111
• Strony: 5--13
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 19 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Beqaj Blerina

• Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Polytechnic University of Tirana, Street “Muhamet Gjollesha”, Nr: 54, Tirane, Albania

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6251-1784

autor

Çobani Entela

• Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Polytechnic University of Tirana, Street “Muhamet Gjollesha” Nr: 54, Tirane, Albania

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6438-6406

Bibliografia

• 1. Raja R.E., L. Sharmila, J.P. Merlin, G. Chritopher. 2002. “Physico-chemical analysis of some groundwater samples of Kotputli town Jaipur, Rajasthan”. Indian Journal of Environmental Protection 22(2): 137-140. ISSN: 0253-7141.
• 2. Earon Robert, Bo Olofsson, Gunno Renman. 2012. “Initial effects of a new highway section on soil and groundwater”. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 223: 5413-5432. DOI: 10.1007/s11270-012-1290-6.
• 3. Xi Chen, Xinghui Xia, Ye Zhao, Ping Zhang. 2010. “Heavy metal concentrations in roadside soils and correlation with urban traffic in Beijing, China”. Journal of hazardous materials 181: 640-646. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.05.060.
• 4. Carpenter S.R., N.F. Caraco, D.L. Correll, R.W. Howarth, A.N. Sharpley, V.H. Smith. 1998. “Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen”. Ecological Applications 8 (3) 559-568. DOI: 10.1890/1051-0761.
• 5. Andrés Manuel A., Ernesto Madariaga, Olga Delgado, Jesús E. Martínez. 2017. „Marine pollution in the nautical seaports in Croatia by the effluent of tourists”. European Transport \ Trasporti Europei 64(3): 1-11. ISSN 1825-3997.
• 6. Dell'Acqua, Gianluca, Mario De Luca, Carlo Giacomo Prato, Olegas Prentkovskis, Raimundas Junevicius. 2016. „The impact of vehicle movement on exploitation parameters of roads and runways: a short review of the special issue”. Transport 31(2) Special Issue: 127-132.
• 7. Goulding Keith. 2009. “Nitrate leaching from arable and horticultural land”. Soil Use and Management 16: 145-151. Blackwell Publihing Ltd. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2000.tb00218.x.
• 8. Hou1 Linjie, Harry Geerlings. 2014. „Port related transport management and the governance of air pollution: A comparative study on emission standards between china and Europe and the position of ports”. European Transport \ Trasporti Europei 56(8): 1-14. ISSN 1825-3997.
• 9. Jalali Mohsen. 2005. “Nitrates leaching from agricultural land in Hamadan, western Iran”. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 110: 210-218. DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2005.04.011.
• 10. Kangjoo Kim, Natarajan Rajmohan, Hyun Jung Kim, Gab-Soo Hwang and Min Joe Cho. 2004. “Assessment of groundwater chemistry in a coastal region (Kunsan, Korea) having complex contaminant sources: a stoichiometric approach”. Environmental Geology 46: 763-774. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-004-1109-x.
• 11. Makan Hemisha, Gert J. Heyns. 2018. „Sustainable supply chain initiatives in reducing greenhouse gas emission within the road freight industry”. Journal of Transport and Supply Chain Management 12(a365): 1-10. ISSN 2310-8789.
• 12. Pacheco Julia A., Armando S. Cabrera. 1997. “Groundwater contamination by nitrates in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico”. Hydrology Journal 5(2): 47-53. DOI: 10.1007/s100400050113.
• 13. Rivers Charles N., Kevin M. Hiscock, Nicholas A. Feast, Mike H. Barrett, Paul F. Dennis. 1996. “Use of nitrogen isotopes to identify nitrogen contamination of the Sherwood sandstone aquifer beneath the city of Nottingham, UK”. Hydrology Journal 4(1): 90-102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s100400050099.
• 14. Srinivasamoorthy K., C. Nanthakumar, M. Vasanthavigar, K. Vijayaraghavan, R. Rajivgandhi, C. Sabarathinam, P. Anandhan, R. Manivannan, S. Vasudevan. 2009. “Groundwater quality assessment from a hard rock terrain, Salem district of Tamilnadu, India”. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. DOI: 10.1007/s12517-0-09-0076-7.
• 15. Domenico Patrick A., Franklin W. Schwartz. 1990. Physical and chemical hydrogeology. John Wiley and Sons. New York. P. 824. ISBN: 978-0-471-59762-9.
• 16. Enric Vazquez Sunne, Xavier Sanchez-Vila, Jaime J. Carrera. 2005. “Introductory review of specific factors influencing urban groundwater, an emerging branch of hydrogeology, with reference to Barcelona, Spain”. Hydrogeology Journal 13: 522-533. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-004-0360-2.
• 17. Guler Cuneyt, Geoffrey D. Thyne. 2004. “Hydrologic and geologic factors controlling surface and groundwater chemistry in Indian Wells-Owens Valley area, southeastern California, USA”. Journal of Hydrology 285: 177-198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.08.019.
• 18. Jurić Tomislav, Gojmir Radica, Maro Jelić. 2016. „Experimental Method for Marine Engine’s Emissions Analysis”. Nase More 63(1): 24-31.
• 19. U.S. EPA (1996). Environmental indicators of water quality in the United States. EPS 821-R-96-002. USEPA Office of Water (4503F), US Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., USA.