Biological properties of nutshell and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) filled high density polyethylene composites

• Autorzy: Boran S. , Dizman Tomak E. , Dönmez Çavdar A.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5604/18972764.1226991

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Purpose: The composites based on natural fibre and wood can be destroyed by fungi attack, even the lignocellulosic materials were used as filler in hydrophobic thermoplastic matrix. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and nutshell fibre content on decay resistance of natural fibre composites. Design/methodology/approach: Half of the composite samples were immersed in water for 60 days and then incubated by fungi to investigate the leaching effect on biological resistance. Furthermore, water absorption rate and thickness swelling of samples were determined during water immersing. For this purpose, total nine thermoplastic composites filled different MCC rate (5%, 10% and 15%) and nutshell content (30%) were produced. Decay test were conducted by using a white rot fungus–Trametes versicolor, and a brown rot fungus–Tyromyces palustris, according to EN 113 standard. Findings: Based on findings from this study, weight loss, water absorption rate and thickness swelling correlated with lignocellulosic content in composites. Samples exhibited less than 1% weight loss in decay test and excellent biological resistance against testing fungi. Research limitations/implications: Weight loss (%) and moisture content (%) values of MCC-nutshell HDPE composites after Tyromyces palustris and Trametes versicolor attack were found under 3% and 20%, respectively. Low weight loss values obtained in the study are supposed to be related with the low moisture content. Originality/value: There is not a study dealing with the decay resistance of WPCs produced by a combination of nutshell and MCC fibres. In addition, there is not a substantial study on the effects of MCC/plastic ratio for decay performance of WPCs contained nutshell after long-term leaching test.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

microcrystalline cellulose; nutshell; composite; decay; water absorption; thickness swelling

PL

celuloza mikrokrystaliczna; łupina; złożony; rozkład; absorpcja wody

• Wydawca: International OCSCO World Press
• Czasopismo: Archives of Materials Science and Engineering
• Rocznik: 2016
• Tom: Vol. 78, nr 2
• Strony: 71--77
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 33 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Boran S.

• Department of Woodworking Industry Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, 61830, Trabzon, Turkey

autor

Dizman Tomak E.

• Department of Forestry Industry Engineering, Bursa Technical University, 16200, Bursa, Turkey

autor

Dönmez Çavdar A.

• Department of Interior Architecture, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey

Bibliografia

• [1] S. Spoljaric, A. Genovese, R. Shanks, Polypropylenemicrocrystalline cellulose composites with enhanced compatibility and properties, Composite Part AApplied Science 40/6-7 (2009) 791-799.
• [2] A. Donmez Cavdar, H.Kalaycıoglu, F. Mengeloglu, Tea mill waste fibers filled thermoplastic composites: The effects of plastic type and fiber loading, Journal of Reinforced Plastics& Composites 30/10 (2011) 833-844.
• [3] C. Dong, I.J. Davies, Flexural properties of macadamia nutshell particle reinforced polyester composites, Composite Part B-Engineering 43 (2012) 2751-2756.
• [4] S. Boran, Mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of nutshell and microcrystalline cellulose filled high-density polyethylene composites, Bioresources 11/1 (2016) 1741-1752.
• [5] A. Donmez Cavdar, H.Kalaycıoglu, F.Mengeloglu, Technological properties of thermoplastic composites filled with fire retardant and tea mill waste fiber, Journal of Composite Materials 50 (2016) 1627-1634.
• [6] F. Mengelo lu, K. Karakus, Some properties of Eucalyptus wood flour filled recycled high density polyethylene polymer composites, Turkish Journal Agricultural Forestry 32 (2008) 537-546.
• [7] M.K.M. Haafiz, A. Hassan, Z. Zakaria, I.M. Inuwa, M.S. Islam, M. Jawaid, Properties of polylactic acid composites reinforced with oil palm biomass microcrystalline cellulose, Carbohydrate Polymers 98 (2013) 139-145.
• [8] S. H., Aziz, M. P Ansell, Optimizing the properties of green composites, in: Green Composites, Polymer Composites and the Environment, C. Baillie (ed.), Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, 2004, UK, 154- 180.
• [9] M. Candemir, M. Özcan, M. Güne, E. Delikta, Technical efficiency and total productivity growth in the hazelnut agricultural sales cooperatives unions in Turkey, Mathematical and Computational Applications 16/1 (2011) 66-76.
• [10] O.O. Okwanna, The effect of pulping concentration treatment on the properties of microcrystalline cellulose powder obtained from waste paper, Carbohydrate Polymers 98/1 (2013) 721-725.
• [11] D. Trache, A. Donnot, K. Khimeche, R. Benelmir, N. Brosse, Physico-chemical properties and thermal stability of microcrystalline cellulose isolated from alfafibres, Carbohydrate Polymers 104 (2014) 223- 230.
• [12] H-S. Yang, D.J. Gardner, Morphological characteristics of cellulose nanofibril-filled polypropylene composites, Wood and Fiber Science 43/2 (2011) 215-224.
• [13] A. Kiziltas, B. Nazari, D.J. Gardner, D.W. Bousfield, Polyamide 6-cellulose composites: Effect of cellulose R composition on the melt rheology and crystallization behaviour, Polymer Engineering & Science 54/4 (2013) 739-746.
• [14] U. Buehlmann, D. Saloni, R.L. Lemaster, Wood Fiber-Plastic Composites: Machining and Surface Quality, 2001, 77.
• [15] C. Clemons, C. Wood, Plastic composites in the United States: The interfacing of two industries, Forest Product Journals 52 (2002) 10-18.
• [16] A. Donmez Cavdar, F. Mengelolu, K. Karakus, Effect of boric acid and borax on mechanical, fire, and thermal properties of wood flour filled high density polyethylene composites, Measurement 60 (2015) 6-12.
• [17] S. Aysal, A Study on Biological Performances of Wood Plastic Composites Materials, Istanbul University, Master thesis, Institute of Science, Istanbul, 2014, 144.
• [18] European Committee for Standardization (EN) 317, Particleboards and fibreboards - Determination of swelling in thickness after immersion in water, 1993, Brussels, Belgium.
• [19] European Committee for Standardization (EN) 113 Wood preservatives - Determination of the toxic values against wood destroying basidiomycetes cultured on agar medium, 1997, Brussels, Belgium.
• [20] B. Kord, S.Kh. Hosseinihashemi, Effect of fungal decay on the hygroscopic thickness swelling rate of lignocellulosic filler-polyolefin biocomposites, Mechanics of Composite Materials 49/6 (2014) 691-698.
• [21] A. Naumann, I. Stephan, M. Noll, Material resistance of weathered wood-plastic composites against fungal decay, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 75 (2012) 28-35.
• [22] A.L. Catto, L.S. Montagna, S.H. Almeida, R.M.B. Silveira, R.M.C. Santana, Wood plastic composites weathering: Effects of compatibilization on biodegradation in soil and fungal decay, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 109 (2016) 11-22.
• [23] M.I. Aranguren, J.F. Gonzãlez, M.A. Mosiewicki, Biodegradation of a vegetable oil based polyurethane and wood flour composites, Polymer Testing 31 (2012) 7-15.
• [24] M. Mankowski, J.J. Morrell, Patterns of fungal attack in wood-plastic composites following exposure in a soil block test, Wood and Fiber Science 32 (2000) 340-345.
• [25] A.N. Karimi, M. Tajvidi, S. Pourabbasi, Effect of compatabilizer on the natural durability of wood flour/high density polyethylene composites against rainbow fungus (Coriolus versicolor), Polymer Composites 28/39 (2007) 273-277.
• [26] M. Manning, Borates as biocidal additives for WPC. in: The global outlook for natural fiber and wood composites, New Orleans, LA: December 3-5, 2003.
• [27] S. Verhey, P. Laks, D. Richter, Laboratory decay resistance of woodfiber/thermoplastic composites, Forest Product Journal 51/9 (2001) 44-49.
• [28] C.M. Clemons, R.E. Ibach, Effects of processing method and moisture history on laboratory fungal resistance of wood-HDPE composites, Forest Products Journal 54/4 (2004) 50-57.
• [29] Y. Hamzeh, A. Ashori, E.H. Marvast, K. Rashedi, A.M. Olfat, A comparative study on the effects of Coriolus versicolor on properties of HDPE/wood flour/paper sludge composites, Composites Part B: Engineering 43 (2012) 2409-2414.
• [30] D.P. Kamdem, H. Jiang, W. Cui, J. Freed, L.M. Matuana, Properties of wood plastic composites made of recycled HDPE and wood flour from CCA-treated wood removed from service, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 35/3 (2004) 347-355.
• [31] S.A. Verhey, P.E. Laks, Wood particle size affects the decay resistance of wood fiber/thermoplastic composites, Forest Product Journal 52/11 (2002) 78-81.
• [32] P. Laks, D. Richter, G.M. Larkin, Fungal susceptibility of interior commercial building panels, Forest Product Journal 52/5 (2002) 41-44.
• [33] R.E. Ibach, R.M. Rowell, S.E., Lange, R.L. Schumann, Effect of wet-dry cycling on the decay properties of aspen fiber high density polypropylene composites, Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Woodfiber-Plastic Composites, Madison, WI, 267-270, 2001.

Uwagi

Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (zadania 2017)