Tytuł artykułu
Autorzy
Treść / Zawartość
Pełne teksty:
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Podejście do oceny ryzyka zmian klimatu – kilka rozważań
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
As one of the objectives of the CASCADE project is to carry out a cost-benefit analysis to enhance resilience, in order to develop the CCRA (Climate Change Risk Assessment) methodology, the guidelines include a capacity analysis. The ability to adapt to change or to respond in the event of a disaster, as well as the ability to recover from damage within a specified timeframe, are key elements of resilience. Because changes are inevitable, the investment in these three elements is necessary. This is due to the fact that disaster scenarios are uncertain and the question arises as to how to invest in risk reduction to reach a satisfactory goal. The proposal comprised by the CCRA guidelines is to use the game theory. Actually, this proposal is a part of game theory, namely Game with Nature where Nature is not interested in benefit and probability of Nature State in future is unknown. As there are many possibilities of Nature State a probability that a correct investment decision would be made is low. To a much greater extent the decision will be wrong or almost wrong in the case of an optimised decision. The only thing the decision maker can do is randomly select investments or apply the game theory to minimise his sense of loss.
Ze względu na fakt, że jednym z celów projektu CASCADE jest przeprowadzenie analizy kosztów i korzyści w celu wzmocnienia odporności, w celu opracowania metodologii CCRA (Climate Change Risk Assessment) w wytycznych uwzględniono analizę zdolności. Zdolność do przysto sowania się do zmian lub do reagowania w przypadku wystąpienia katastrofy, a także zdolność do odbudowy zniszczeń w określonym czasie stanowią główny element odporności. Ponieważ zmiany są nieuniknione, konieczne jest inwestowanie w te trzy elementy. Wynika to z faktu, że scenariusze katastrof są niepewne i pojawia się pytanie, jak inwestować w zmniejszenie ryzyka, aby osiągnąć zadowalający cel. Propozycja zawarta w wytycznych CCRA polega na wykorzystaniu teorii gier. W rzeczywistości propozycja ta jest częścią teorii gier, a mianowicie Gry z Naturą, w której Natura nie jest zainteresowana korzyściami, a prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia Stanu Natury w przyszłości jest nieznane. Ponieważ istnieje wiele możliwości wystąpienia Stanu Natury, prawdopodobieństwo podjęcia prawidłowej decyzji inwestycyjnej jest niewielkie. W znacznie większym stopniu decyzja będzie nietrafiona lub prawie nietrafiona w przypadku decyzji zoptymalizowanej. Jedyne, co może zrobić decydent, to losowy wybór inwestycji lub zastosowanie teorii gier w celu zminimalizowania swojego poczucia straty.
Wydawca
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
73--97
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 30 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
autor
- The Main School of Fire Service
autor
Bibliografia
- 1. Alexander D.E., The game changes: “Disaster Prevention and Management” after a quarter of a century, “Disaster Prevention and Management” 2016, Vol. 25 No. 1, pp. 2–10.
- 2. Aven T. et al., Society for Risk Analysis Glossary, SRA-Glossary-FINAL.pdf, 2018.
- 3. Boin A., Hart P., Stern E., Sundelius B., The Politics of Crisis Management. Public Leadership under Pressure, Printed in the United Kingdom by Clays, St Ives plc., second edition 2017.
- 4. Cambridge City Council Climate Change Adaptation Plan, https://www.cambridge. gov.uk/media/5996/climate-change-adaptation-plan.pdf, 2018.
- 5. Carter J.G., Hincks S., Vlastaras V., Connelly A. and Handley J., European Climate Risk Typology, http://european-crt.org/index.html 2018.
- 6. De Boer J., Muggah R., Patel R., Conceptualizing City Fragility and Resilience, “Working Paper 5” October 2016, United Nations University Centre for Policy Research.
- 7. Dembo R., Willey S., Freeman J., Seeing Tomorrow – Rewriting the Rules of Risk, John Willey and Sons INC, New York 1998.
- 8. EU general risk assessment methodology (Action 5 of Multi-Annual Action Plan for the surveillance of products in the EU (COM(2013)76). Ref. Ares(2016)2656912 - 08/06/2016, European Commission.
- 9. Fichter M., Adaptation to climate change, risk prevention and management in the 2014–2020 Regional Policy, European Commission, DG Region Team leader “Sustainable Growth”, Unit G1 – Competence Centre “Smart & Sustainable Growth”, 2013.
- 10. “From Gaps to Caps” – Possible Future Opportunities for Risk and Capability Assessment in the Baltic Sea Region, ed. by: Karlsson B., Olsson A.J. and Riedel M., 2016.
- 11. Gallina V., Torresan S., Critto A., Sperotto A., Glade T., Marcomini A., A review of multi-risk methodologies for natural hazards: Consequences and challenges for a climate change impact assessment, “Journal of Environmental Management”, 2016, 168, pp. 123-132.
- 12. Guidance for Recording and Sharing Disaster Damage and Loss Data: Towards the development of operational indicators to translate the Sendai Framework into action, “JRC Science and Policy Report” 2015.
- 13. Guide Brief 13 – Resilience Gaps - Identifying and Prioritizing - Closure of Resilience Gaps, “NIST Special Publication 1190GB-13” 2017, https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST. SP.1190GB-13.
- 14. Guiding and Tailoring Risk Assessment for the Baltic Sea Region. Red Book Two, www.14point3.eu, 2013.
- 15. Halsnes K., Kaspersen P.S., Decomposing the cascade of uncertainty in risk assessments for urban flooding reflecting critical decision-making issues, “Climatic Change” 2018, 151, pp. 491–506, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-018-2323-y.
- 16. Kwok A.H., Paton D., Becker J., Hudson-Doyle E., Johnston D., A bottom-up to developing a neighbourhood-based resilience measurement framework, “Disaster Prevention and Management” 2018, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 255-270.
- 17. Manual for Risk Analysis for Civil Protection. A stress test for general hazard prevention and disaster management, “Civil Protection Practice” 2015, Vol. 16, Germany.
- 18. Miles A., Keenan M., Practical guide to Regional Foresight in the United Kingdom, European Commission, Luxembourg 2002.
- 19. National climate change vulnerability and risk assessments in Europe, EEA Report No 1/2018, European Environment Agency, Denmark.
- 20. National Risk Profile for Denmark, Danish Emergency Management Agency, Denmark 2018.
- 21. Paton D., Johnston D., Disaster Resilience: An integrated Approach, 2nd ed., Ch.C. Thomas, Springfield 2017.
- 22. Pescaroli G., Alexander D., A definition of cascading disasters and cascading effects: Going beyond the “toppling dominos” metaphor”, “Planet and Risk “ 2015, Vol. 3 No 1.
- 23. Preston B.L., Assessing and Managing Climate Change Risk, Climate Change Science Institute at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Bonn, Germany 2014.
- 24. Risk Assessment and Mapping Guidelines for Disaster Management, European Commission staff working paper, 21.12.2010 SEC (2010) 1626 final, Brussels.
- 25. Salim W. et. al., Guidelines for Risk and Adaptation Assessment and for Mainstreaming into Policy, Ministry of Environment, Jakarta 2012, p. 6.
- 26. Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015 -2030, UNISDR/GE/2015 – ICLUX EN5000 1st edition, United Nations, Geneva 2015.
- 27. The Baltic Sea Region Methodology For Risk And Capability Assessment – A First Approach, edited by: Karlsson B., Olsson A. J. and Riedel M., 2017.
- 28. Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Guide. Comprehensive Preparedness Guide (CPG), Homeland Security, Second Edition, 2013.
- 29. Tilley F., Fuller T., Foresighting methods and their role in researching small firms and sustainability, “Futures” 2000, 32, No 2.
- 30. Zwęgliński T., Balatonyi L., Impact of climate change on Hungarian Water Management Strategy as a case study for other European countries, “Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP” 2021, 78, pp. 127–150. 31. www.cunnart.com, 2013. 32. http://cca.eionet.europa.eu, 2019.
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu „Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki” - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2023).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-f27f1007-d50a-40b7-a222-a0ccba77d0d2