Content of Ni and Cr in water and in algae from selected Black Sea bays in the region of Sevastopol

• Autorzy: Niemiec M. , Wiśniowska-Kielian B. , Komorowska M.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.2428/ecea.2015.22(4)34

Warianty tytułu

PL

Zawartość Ni i Cr w wodzie i glonach z wybranych zatok Morza Czarnego w rejonie Sewastopola

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Trace metals play an important role in functioning of marine and ocean ecosystems. The particular importance of these elements in ecosystems of salt water basins results from their low concentrations in waters of these basins. The content of trace elements in ocean waters is from a few to several dozen times lower than in fresh waters. Such conditions caused that sea organisms developed, by means of evolution, the ability to intensive absorption of trace elements from water in order to meet the physiological demand for them. However, such abilities can cause excessive bioaccumulation of trace elements in ecosystems with elevated their supply, caused by human pressure or enrichment of the water environment from natural sources. The aim of this paper was to assess the nickel and chromium content in water and in algae from selected Black Sea bays near Sevastopol. The samples of water and algae were collected in August 2012 from eight bays in the region of Sevastopol (Galubaja, Kozacha, Kamyshova, Kruhla, Striletska, Pishchana, Pivdenna, the Sevastopolska Bay) as well as one sample from the open sea near Fiolent. Cystoseira barbata and Ulva rigida algae were collected from the same places. The collected water samples were conserved in situ and after being brought to the laboratory their contents of nickel and chromium were determined. The collected algae were rinsed in distilled water, dried, and then homogenized and mineralized. Content of the studied elements was determined in mineralisates by AAS method with electrothermal atomization. It was found that both elements concentrations in water from individual bays were 2–3 times different. The nickel content ranged between 1.74 and 4.14 ·gNi · dm–3, and the chromium content was between 1.56 and 5.97 ·gCr · dm–3. Water from the Striletska Bay contained the highest amount of the studied elements. The nickel content in the studied algae ranged between 1.967 and 12.87 mg · kg–1 d.m., and the chromium content between 0.342 and 7.650 mg · kg–1 d.m. A higher accumulation of these elements was found in Cystoseira barbata than in Ulva rigida. Algae collected in the Sevastopolska Bay contained the highest amount of nickel, and algae from the Pivdenna Bay contained the highest amount of chromium. The content of the studied elements in biomass of the algae was not correlated with their concentration in water. On the other hand, a significant correlation between the nickel content in the algae of both species was found. Values of nickel bioaccumulation coefficients in the studied ecosystems were close to values recorded in environments with high human pressure, whereas in the case of chromium they were very low, much lower than values given in available literature. It was a result of a very high concentration of this element in water, and its moderate content in the algae. Generally, a higher content of the studied elements, both in water and in the algae, was found in all the bays than in samples collected in the open sea. The highest threat of the studied metals was found in the Sevastopolska and Pivdenna Bays.

PL

Metale śladowe odgrywają ważną rolę w funkcjonowaniu ekosystemów morskich i oceanicznych. Szczególne znaczenie tych pierwiastków w ekosystemach zbiorników wód słonych wynika z bardzo małych ich stężeń spotykanym w wodach tych akwenów. Zawartość pierwiastków śladowych w wodach oceanicznych jest od kilku do kilkudziesięciu razy mniejsza niż w wodach słodkich. Takie warunki sprawiły, że organizmy morskie wykształciły na drodze ewolucji zdolność do intensywnego pobierania pierwiastków śladowych z wody w celu zaspokojenia zapotrzebowania fizjologicznego na nie. Takie zdolności mogą jednak powodować nadmierną bioakumulację pierwiastków śladowych w ekosystemach o podwyższonej ich podaży, spowodowanej antropopresją lub wzbogaceniem środowiska wodnego ze źródeł naturalnych. Celem pracy była ocena zawartości niklu i chromu w wodzie oraz glonach z wybranych zatok Morza Czarnego w okolicach Sewastopola. Próbki wody oraz glonów pobrano w sierpniu 2012 r. z ośmiu zatok w rejonie Sewastopola (Gałubaja, Kozacha, Kamyshova, Kruhla, Striletska, Pishchana, Pivdenna, Sewastopolska) oraz jedną próbkę z otwartego morza w okolicach Fioletu. Z tych samych miejsc pobrano glony Cystoseira barbata i Ulva rigida. Pobraną wodę konserwowano na miejscu i po przywiezieniu do laboratorium oznaczono w niej zawartość niklu i chromu. Pobrane glony wypłukano w wodzie destylowanej, suszono, a następnie homogenizowano i mineralizowano. W roztworach oznaczono zawartość badanych pierwiastków metodą ASA z atomizacją elektrotermiczną. Stwierdzono 2–3-krotne różnice stężenia obydwu pierwiastków w wodzie z poszczególnych zatok. Zawartość niklu mieściła się w zakresie od 1,74 do 4,14 ·gNi · dm–3, a chromu w zakresie od 1,56 do 5,97 ·gCr · dm–3. Najwięcej badanych pierwiastków zawierała woda z zatoki Striletska. Zawartość niklu w badanych glonach wahała się w zakresie od 1,967 do 12,87 mg · kg–1 s.m., a chromu od 0,342 do 7,650 mg · kg–1 s.m. Stwierdzono większe nagromadzenie tych pierwiastków w Systoseira barbata niż w Ulva rigida. Najwięcej niklu zawierały glony pobrane w zatoce Sewastopolskiej, a najwięcej chromu zawierały glony z zatoki Pivdenna. Zawartość badanych pierwiastków w biomasie glonów nie była skorelowana z ich stężeniem w wodzie. Stwierdzono natomiast istotną korelację między zawartością niklu w glonach obydwu gatunków. Wartości współczynników bioakumulacji niklu w badanych ekosystemach były zbliżone do notowanych w środowiskach o dużym nasileniu antropopresji, natomiast w przypadku chromu były bardzo małe, dużo mniejsze niż podawane w dostępnej literaturze. Powodem było bardzo duże stężenie tego pierwiastka w wodzie i umiarkowanej jego zawartości w glonach. Generalnie we wszystkich zatokach stwierdzono większą zawartość badanych pierwiastków (zarówno w wodzie, jak i w glonach) niż w próbkach pobranych na otwartym morzu. Największe zagrożenie badanymi metalami stwierdzono w zatokach Sewastopolska i Pivdenna.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Black Sea; pollution; water; algae; nickel; chromium; monitoring; bioaccumulation

PL

Morze Czarne; zanieczyszczenia; woda; glony; nikiel; chrom; monitoring; bioakumulacja

• Wydawca: Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
• Czasopismo: Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A
• Rocznik: 2015
• Tom: Vol. 22, nr 4
• Strony: 433--446
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 32 poz., wykr., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Niemiec M.

• Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 21, 31–120 Kraków, Poland, phone: [phone], fax: [phone]

autor

Wiśniowska-Kielian B.

• Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 21, 31–120 Kraków, Poland, phone: [phone], fax: [phone]

autor

Komorowska M.

• Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 21, 31–120 Kraków, Poland, phone: [phone], fax: [phone]

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