Bezzałogowe statki powietrzne w przestrzeniach służb ruchu lotniczego : zarys problematyki

• Autorzy: Markiewicz T. M.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in air traffic services’ space

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles’ (UAVs) operations so far have been mainly connected with military operations and due to security reasons they have been limited to selected space or the space over a real battlefield (the Balkans, Iraq, Afghanistan). Armed forces’ constantly growing requirements concerning the use of UAVs, as well as the increased interest of their application for civil tasks cause that there is a need to ensure UAVs access to controlled and not controlled space (of all International Civil Aviation Organization’s - ICAO classes) and integrate their operations with air traffic control management systems. The problems relating to the development of UAV systems are complex - the works focus on regulations when they are fit for service (certificates), ATM procedures, various technical issues (e.g. propulsion, airframe, miniaturization of radionavigation equipment, remote control and flight control equipment) and defining requirements in relation to the UAV pilot - operator’s qualifications. Multi-sided research is conducted by numerous research and scientific institutions and international aviation organizations (e.g. ICAO, EASA, EUROCONTROL, NATO). Through legislature, it is attempted to reach an appropriate security and safety level - ensuring the UAV flights in ATS space will not create a bigger threat to people and property in the air and on the ground than manned aircraft of the same class and category. Another safety requirement is to develop transparent rules to use the same airspace by unmanned and manned aerial vehicles and complying with air traffic norms, rules and procedures by UAV users, particularly concerning separation and collision avoidance. It is assumed that the way of using UAVs in ATS space must be the same as the one currently used in relation to manned aerial vehicles, i.e. based on rules and regulations set by ICAO. It is forecasted that UAVs will become an important and rightful user of European airspace.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

bezzałogowe statki powietrzne; UAV; służby ruchu lotniczego; przepisy lotnicze

EN

unmanned aerial vehicle; UAV; air trafic services; aviation regulations

• Wydawca: Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Naukowe AON
• Rocznik: 2008
• Tom: nr 4(73)
• Strony: 127--161
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 13 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Markiewicz T. M.

• Akademia Obrony Narodowej

Bibliografia

• [1] The Joint Air Power Competence Centre (JAPCC) Flight Plan for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in NATO. 10 March 2008.
• [2] UAV Regulation, State of the Art and Recommendations. Technology Study on Sense & Avoid Technologies for Long Endurance Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Studium opracowane na zlecenie Europejskiej Agencji Obronnej (European Defence Agency - EDA) przez konsorcjum firm Sagem Defense Securite, ONERA, TNO oraz Espelsa. June 2006.
• [3] Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Operations in UK Airspace - Guidance. CAP 722, Directorate of Airspace Policy, 12 November 2004.
• [4] EUROCONTROL Specifications for the Use of Military Unmanned Aerial Vehicles as Operational Air Traffic Outside Segregated Airspace. European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation EUROCONTROL, edition 1.0, published 3 December 2007.
• [5] The Joint JAA/EUROCONTROL UAV Task-Force Finał Report - A Concept for European Regulations for Civil Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), 11 May 2004.
• [6] EUROCAE Working Group (WG) 73 - A concept for UAS Airworthiness Certification and Operational Approval in the Context of Non-segregated Airspace.
• [7] Recommended Guidance for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Operations, Design Criteria, Maintenance and Training of Human Resources. NATO Air Traffic Management Committee (NATMC). Doc. AC/92-WP/424. 6 November 2001.
• [8] Konwencja o międzynarodowym lotnictwie cywilnym, podpisana w Chicago dnia 7 grudnia 1944 r. (DzU z 1959 r. nr 35, poz. 212 ze zm.).
• [9] Załącznik 2 ICAO - Przepisy ruchu lotniczego, wydanie dziesiąte, luty 2005.
• [10] Załącznik 11 ICAO - Służby ruchu lotniczego, wydanie trzynaste, lipiec 2001.
• [11] Ustawa z dnia 3 lipca 2002 r. - Prawo lotnicze, (DzU z 2006 r. nr 100, poz. 696 ze zm.).
• [12] Rozporządzenie Ministra Infrastruktury z dnia 8 marca 2004 r. w sprawie podziału i szczegółowych zasad korzystania z polskiej przestrzeni powietrznej oraz sposobów współdziałania państwowego organu zarządzania ruchem lotniczym z cywilnymi i wojskowymi lotniskowymi organami służb ruchu lotniczego (DzU nr 44, póz. 413, z 2005 r. nr 255, poz. 2142).
• [13] Zarządzanie ruchem lotniczym (ICAO Doc 4444 PANS-OPS).