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Changeability in sea surface temperature in the region of Spitsbergen (1982-2002) reflecting climatic changes observed at present
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
This work has analysed changeability in water surface temperature in sea areas in the direct vicinity of West Spitsbergen. (Fig. 1). The analysis made use of SST (Sea Surface Temperature) from Reynolds?s data, covering mean monthly values of grids 1 x 1° from the period 1982-2002 (21 years). The changes in SST have been examined both monthly and yearly in 48 grids originating from the region 76-80°N, 006-020°E. A noticeable increase in water temperature was noted in the entire analysed area. The highest positive annual trends in water temperature were noted in the region 77-78°N, 006-007°E located west of Spitsbergen. In this area the mean yearly trends in SST values exceed +0.11°C/year and are highly statistically relevant (p<0.001). The values of trend noted in the areas in the direct vicinity of SW coast of Spitsbergen are +0.07°C to +0.08°C/year (at the latitudes 76-78°N). Farther north the values of the trend are remarkably lower, yet they are still highly statistically relevant. At 80°N the SST trend ranges from +0.006°C to +0.013°C and grows when moving west. At 79°N the observed trend of mean yearly value of SST is within the range from +0.04°C (010°E) to +0.07°C/year (006°E). This indicates that the mean yearly temperature of water in the region west of Spitsbergen has increased by more than 2.5°C over the period of the last 21 years and in coastal waters SW of Spitsbergen by about 1.5°C to 1.7°C. The lowest increase in SST was noted in waters at 80°N, where it did not exceed 0.3°C within 21 years. The increase in water temperature is distributed unevenly in time - since 1995 the rate of the increase has been rapidly growing (see Fig. 2). The changes in yearly SST values, as the analysis indicated, are influenced by the changes in temperature noted mainly in the period from September to February. This proves that the heat sources carried by the West Spitsbergen Current are increasing and that the summer warming of waters is becoming more and more significant. Interannual changeability in SST in the remaining months proves to be relatively low, in extreme cases being zero (water completely frozen). It can be observed especially at 80°N. The yearly changeability in values of SST in waters around SE coasts of Spitsbergen (Storfjorden) is mainly influenced by the temperature of waters in autumn (August ? October), which means that the influence of the summer warming of waters on the yearly SST value in this area has increased.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
79--86
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 13 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- Akademia Morska w Gdyni Katedra Meteorologii i Oceanografii Nautycznej, Wydział Nawigacyjny ul. Sędzickiego 19, 81-374 Gdynia, krucha@am.gdynia.pl
Bibliografia
- 1. Blindheim J., Borovkov V., Hansen B., Malmberg S.-Aa., Turrell W.R., Østerhus S. 2000, Upper layer cooling and freshening in the Norwegian Sea in relation to atmospheric forcing. Deep-Sea Research I, 47: 655-680.
- 2. Furevik T. 2000, On anomalous sea surface temperatures in the Nordic Seas. Journal of Climate, Vol. 13, No. 5: 1044-1053.
- 3. Furevik T. 2001, Annual and interannual variability of Atlantic Water temperatures in the Norwegian and Barents Seas: 1980–1996. Deep-Sea Research I, 48: 383-404.
- 4. Karcher M. J., Gerdes R., Kauker F., Köberle C. 2003, Arctic warming: Evolution and spreading of the 1990s warm event in the Nordic seas and the Arctic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 108(C2), 3034 doi:10.1029/2001JC001265.
- 5. Kruszewski G., Marsz A., Zblewski S. 2003, Wpływ zmian temperatury powierzchni oceanu na Morzu Norweskim na temperaturę powietrza na Svalbardzie i Jan Mayen (1982–2002). Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej, 13: 59-78.
- 6. Łupikasza E. 2002, Zmienność opadów atmosferycznych w Hornsundzie (Spitsbergen) w okresie1978–2000. Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej, 12: 77-88.
- 7. Łupikasza E. 2003, Zmienność występowania opadów deszczu i śniegu w Hornsundzie w okresie lipiec 1978 – grudzień 2002. Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej, 13: 93-105.
- 8. Midttun L. 1990, Surface temperatures of the Barents Sea. Polar Research 8: 11-16.
- 9. Niedźwiedź T. 2002. Wpływ cyrkulacji atmosfery na wysokie opady w Hornsundzie (Spitsbergen). Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej, 12: 65-75.
- 10. Niedźwiedź T. 2003, Współczesna zmienność cyrkulacji atmosfery, temperatury powietrza i opadów atmosferycznych na Spitsbergenie. Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej, 13: 79-92.
- 11. Řehák J. sen., Řehák J jun., Řehák S., 2004, Cofanie się czół lodowych Zachodniego i Wschodniego Lodowca Torella (SW Spitsbergen). Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej, 14: 87-94.
- 12. Styszyńska A. 2000, Correlations between air temperature in the area of Spitsbergen and Jan Mayen and ice cover of the Barents and Greenland Seas over the period 1972–1994. Polish Polar Studies, 27th International Polar Symposium, Toruń, 279-295.
- 13. Zhang J., Rothrock A. D., Steele M. 1998, Warming of the Arctic Ocean by strenghtened Atlantic inflow: Model results. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 25, No. 10: 1745-1748.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BWM3-0021-0003