Współczesna zmienność cyrkulacji atmosfery, temperatury powietrza i opadów atmosferycznych na Spitsbergenie

• Autorzy: Niedźwiedź T.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Contemporary variability of atmospheric circulation, temperature and precipitation in Spitsbergen

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

The study presents variability of simple circulation indices above Spitsbergen for the period 1951-2002, based on original calendar of synoptic divided from the synoptic maps. After calculation of synoptic types frequencies the further results have been obtained using the simple circulation indices: W - westerly, zonal index, S - southerly - meridional index, C - cyclonicity index, as proposed by R. Murray and R. Lewis (1966) with some modifications. The negative value of W index is typical for Spitsbergen, according to great frequency of eastern airflow. Some complicated relations between above indices, NAO, temperature and precipitation were noticed in Spitsbergen. Variability of temperature and precipitation based on the data from Isfjord Radio and Svalbard Lufthavn stations, as well as from Polish Polar Station in Hornsund Fiord on SW part of Spitsbergen. They were compared with Bjornoya (Bear Island) - about 300 km SSE from Hornsund. For the temperature the main feature is period of cooling in the years 1961-1971 and around 1988, after the great warming during the decade of 1930th. During that coolest years also large annual temperature range was typical. The coldest was year 1968, and the warmest one -1984 (from -2 to -3°C). Next warm years were observed in 1990 and 1999, but in Jan Mayen the warmest was year 2002. The coolest winter (December-February) with average temperature below -20°C in Longyearbyen was in 1962/1963 (-21.5°C) and 1988/1989 (-20.1°C), and the warmest one on 1984/1985 (-8.3°C). Significant warming was noticed only in the warm half-year (V-X) about 1.2K since 1972 up to 2002. The warmest period V-X was in 1990, and coolest - in 1968. In summer (June-August) the temperature varied between 2°C in 1982 and 4.5°C (Hornsund) or 6.1°C (Longyearbyen) in 2002 (the warmest summer). Temperature changes in Spitsbergen depend on a great extend of circulation factors, mainly from the southern (S) and zonal circulation indices (W). The lowest temperatures were observed round the 1965. During the last decade of 1980 the period of little warming is observed again. For precipitation relative large increase of summer and September precipitation were noticed in the last years of the 20th century, mainly in 1994-1997. May be the part of its fallen in the form of snow in the upper parts of archipelago and supplied glaciers. The highest precipitation is typical for August and September. The largest diurnal precipitation totals - 58.3 mm was observed on August 1, 1994. The second high value 52.6 mm was noticed on September 6, 1996. During the observed period since 1978, only 5 time the daily precipitation in Hornsund exceeded 40 mm and 14 time were higher than 30 mm. In Hornsund annual total of precipitation twice exceeded 600 mm, in 1994 and 1996. This increase of precipitation was connected with greater frequency in the intensity of westerly and southerly atmospheric circulation expressed by the zonal and meridional circulation indices and the more intense cyclonic activity in autumn and winter seasons

Słowa kluczowe

PL

cyrkulacja atmosfery; temperatury powietrza; opady atmosferyczne; Spitsbergen

EN

atmospheric circulation; air temperature; precipitation; Spitsbergen

• Wydawca: Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
• Czasopismo: Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
• Rocznik: 2003
• Tom: nr 13
• Strony: 79--92
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 24 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Niedźwiedź T.

• Katedra Klimatologii, Wydział Nauk o Ziemi, Uniwersytet Śląski, Sosnowiec,

Bibliografia

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