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Warianty tytułu
Contemporary variability of atmospheric circulation, temperature and precipitation in Spitsbergen
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
The study presents variability of simple circulation indices above Spitsbergen for the period 1951-2002, based on original calendar of synoptic divided from the synoptic maps. After calculation of synoptic types frequencies the further results have been obtained using the simple circulation indices: W - westerly, zonal index, S - southerly - meridional index, C - cyclonicity index, as proposed by R. Murray and R. Lewis (1966) with some modifications. The negative value of W index is typical for Spitsbergen, according to great frequency of eastern airflow. Some complicated relations between above indices, NAO, temperature and precipitation were noticed in Spitsbergen. Variability of temperature and precipitation based on the data from Isfjord Radio and Svalbard Lufthavn stations, as well as from Polish Polar Station in Hornsund Fiord on SW part of Spitsbergen. They were compared with Bjornoya (Bear Island) - about 300 km SSE from Hornsund. For the temperature the main feature is period of cooling in the years 1961-1971 and around 1988, after the great warming during the decade of 1930th. During that coolest years also large annual temperature range was typical. The coldest was year 1968, and the warmest one -1984 (from -2 to -3°C). Next warm years were observed in 1990 and 1999, but in Jan Mayen the warmest was year 2002. The coolest winter (December-February) with average temperature below -20°C in Longyearbyen was in 1962/1963 (-21.5°C) and 1988/1989 (-20.1°C), and the warmest one on 1984/1985 (-8.3°C). Significant warming was noticed only in the warm half-year (V-X) about 1.2K since 1972 up to 2002. The warmest period V-X was in 1990, and coolest - in 1968. In summer (June-August) the temperature varied between 2°C in 1982 and 4.5°C (Hornsund) or 6.1°C (Longyearbyen) in 2002 (the warmest summer). Temperature changes in Spitsbergen depend on a great extend of circulation factors, mainly from the southern (S) and zonal circulation indices (W). The lowest temperatures were observed round the 1965. During the last decade of 1980 the period of little warming is observed again. For precipitation relative large increase of summer and September precipitation were noticed in the last years of the 20th century, mainly in 1994-1997. May be the part of its fallen in the form of snow in the upper parts of archipelago and supplied glaciers. The highest precipitation is typical for August and September. The largest diurnal precipitation totals - 58.3 mm was observed on August 1, 1994. The second high value 52.6 mm was noticed on September 6, 1996. During the observed period since 1978, only 5 time the daily precipitation in Hornsund exceeded 40 mm and 14 time were higher than 30 mm. In Hornsund annual total of precipitation twice exceeded 600 mm, in 1994 and 1996. This increase of precipitation was connected with greater frequency in the intensity of westerly and southerly atmospheric circulation expressed by the zonal and meridional circulation indices and the more intense cyclonic activity in autumn and winter seasons
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
79--92
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 24 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- Katedra Klimatologii, Wydział Nauk o Ziemi, Uniwersytet Śląski, Sosnowiec, niedzwie@ultra.cto.us.edu.pl
Bibliografia
- 1. Brázdil R., 1988, Variation of air temperature and atmospheric precipitation in the region of Svalbard, In: Results of Investigations of the Geographical Research Expedition Sspitsbergen 1985, University J.E. Purkyne, Brno: 285-323.
- 2. Førland E.J., Hanssen-Bauer I., Nordli P.Ø., 1997, Climate statistics and long term series of temperature and precipitation at Svalbard and Jan Mayen, DNMI – Rapport, 21/97, Norwegian Meteor. Inst., Oslo: 72 s.
- 3. Głowacki P., Niedźwiedź T., 1997, Climatological conditions in Hornsund (Spitsbergen) during succeeding Polish Polar Expeditions. In: Głowacki P. (ed.), Polish Polar Studies. 24th Polar Symposium, Warszawa, 1997, Institute of Geophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa: 81-94.
- 4. Hanssen-Bauer I., Førland E.J., 1998, Long-term trends in precipitation and temperature in the Norwegian Arctic: can they be explained by changes in atmospheric circulation patterns? Climate Research, 10, 143-153.
- 5. Kahl J.D., Charlevoix D.J., Zaitseva N.A., Schnell R.C., Serreze M.C., 1993, Absence of evidence of or greenhouse warming over the Arctic Ocean in the past 40 years, Nature, 361: 335-337.
- 6. Kwaczyński J., Nowosielski L., 2001, Meteorological Yearbook Hornsund 2000/2001, Publications of the Institute of Geophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, D-57 (341), Warszawa: 5-75.
- 7. Łupikasza E., 2001, Wieloletnia zmienność opadów w atlantyckim sektorze Arktyki. Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej, 11, Gdynia: 27-40.
- 8. Łupikasza E., 2002, Zmienność opadów atmosferycznych w Hornsundzie (Spitsbergen) w okresie 1978-2000, Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej, 12, Gdynia: 77-88.
- 9. Łupikasza E., Niedźwiedź T., 2002, Wpływ cyrkulacji na opady atmosferyczne w Hornsundzie, w: Kostrzewski A., Rachlewicz G. (red.), Funkcjonowanie i Monitoring Geoekosystemów obszarów Polarnych, Polish Polar Studies, Poznań: 203-216.
- 10. Murray R., Lewis R.P., 1966, Some aspects of the synoptic climatology of the British Isles as measured by simple indices, Meteorological Magazine, 95: 193-203.
- 11. Niedźwiedź T., Ustrnul Z., 1988, Wpływ sytuacji synoptycznych na stosunki opadowe w Hornsundzie (Spitsbergen), XV Sympozjum Polarne, Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, Wrocław: 196-202.
- 12. Niedźwiedź T., 1992, Wybrane problemy klimatologii synoptycznej Spitsbergenu, Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej, 2, Wyższa Szkoła Morska, Gdynia: 77-84.
- 13. Niedźwiedź T., 1992-1993, Zmienność cyrkulacji atmosfery nad Spitsbergenem, Folia Geographica, series Geographica Physica, vol. XXIV-XXV, Kraków: 85-97.
- 14. Niedźwiedź T., 1993, The main factors forming the climate of the Hornsund (Spitsbergen), Zeszyty Naukowe UJ, Prace Geograficzne, z. 94, Kraków: 49-63.
- 15. Niedźwiedź T., 1997a, Częstość występowania typów cyrkulacji nad Spitsbergenem (1951-1995), Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej, 7, Gdynia: 9-18.
- 16. Niedźwiedź T., 1997b, Wieloletnia zmienność wskaźników cyrkulacji atmosfery nad Spitsbergenem i ich rola w kształtowaniu temperatury powietrza, Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej, 7, Gdynia: 19-40.
- 17. Niedźwiedź T., 2001, Zmienność cyrkulacji atmosfery nad Spitsbergenem w drugiej połowie XX wieku, Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej, 11, Gdynia: 7-26.
- 18. Niedźwiedź T., 2002a, Wpływ cyrkulacji atmosfery na wysokie opady w Hornsundzie (Spitsbergen), Problemy klimatologii Polarnej, 12, Gdynia: 65-75.
- 19. Niedźwiedź T., 2002b, Kalendarz typów cyrkulacji nad Spitsbergenem: grudzień 1950 – grudzień 2002 (zbiór komputerowy w Katedrze Klimatologii, Wydział Nauk o Ziemi Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, Sosnowiec).
- 20. Przybylak R., 2000, Temporal and spatial variation of surface air temperature over the period of instrumental observations in the Arctic, International Journal of Climatology, Vol. 20, No 6: 587-614.
- 21. Przybylak R., 2002, Variability of Air Temperature and Atmospheric Precipitation in the Arctic, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London: 330 s.
- 22. Roczniki Meteorologiczne, Hornsund, 1978/1979 – 1999/2000, M. Miętus (red.), Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej, Oddział Morski, Gdynia.
- 23. Tuomenvirta H., Alexandersson H., Drebs A., Frich P., Nordli P.Ø., 2000, Trends in Nordic and Arctic temperature extremes and ranges, Journal of Climate, 13, 3: 977-990.
- 24. Vose R.S., Schmoyer R.L., Steurer P.M., Peterson T.C., Heim R., Karl T.R., Eischeid J., 1992, The Global Historical Climatology Network: Long-term monthly temperature, precipitation, sea level pressure, and station pressure data. Report ORNL/CDIAC-53, NDP-041.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BWM3-0020-0025