Mechanical energy fluctuations during walking of healthyand ACL-reconstructed subjects

• Autorzy: Winiarski S.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

In a clinical gait analysis, mechanical energy is the gait variable which can validate the energetic state of the disorder of patient’s movement. The purpose of this study was to explore the possibilities of employing the total mechanical energy in estimating the mechanical cost of transport in normal and pathological human gait. One of the basic methods of determining mechanical energy (inverted pendulum model) was used to estimate the external mechanical work performed by the walking subjects based on externally observable measurements. Gait data was collected for healthy able-bodied men and patients after ACL reconstruction during physiotherapy process who demonstrate larger lateral center of gravity (CoG) excursions during gait. Based on predictions of the body’s CoG trajectory during walking, algorithms were developed to determine the changes in components of total mechanical energy in normal and pathological gait. The utility of calculating mechanical energy in a patient population is questioned.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

kinetic energy; human gait; ACL reconstruction

PL

energia kinetyczna; chód człowieka

• Wydawca: Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
• Czasopismo: Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
• Rocznik: 2008
• Tom: Vol. 10, nr 2
• Strony: 57--63
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 36 poz. , rys., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Winiarski S.

• University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, Biomechanics Department, Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wrocław,

Bibliografia

• [1] INMAN V.T., RALSTON H.J., TODD F., Human walking, Baltimore, 1981, Williams & Wilkins.
• [2] MINETTI A.E., ARDIGÒ L.P., SAIBENE F., Mechanical determinants of gradient walking energetics in man, Journal of Physiology, 1993, 472, 725–735.
• [3] WINTER D.A., QUANBURY A.O., REIMER G.D., Analysis of instantaneous energy of normal gait, Journal of Biomechanics, 1976, 9, 253–257.
• [4] CAVANAGH P.R., KRAM R., The efficiency of human movement – a statement of the problem, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 1985, 17, 304–308.
• [5] CAVANAGH P.R., KRAM R., Mechanical and muscular factors affecting the efficiency of human movement, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 1985, 17, 326–331.
• [6] HOLT K.G., HAMILL J., ANDRES R.O., Predicting the minimal energy costs of human walking, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 1991, 23(4), 491–498.
• [7] WINTER D.A., A new definition of mechanical work done in human movement, Journal of Applied Physiology, 1979, 46, 79-83.
• [8] DONELAN J.M., KRAM R., KUO A.D., Mechanical and metabolic cost as a function of step length in human walking, Human Walking, 2000, 12, 56–61.
• [9] CAVAGNA G.A., SAIBENE F.P., MARGARIA R., External work in walking, Journal of Applied Physiology, 1963, 18, 1–9.
• [10] WILLEMS P.A., CAVAGNA G.A., HEGLUND N.C., External, internal and total work in human locomotion, Journal of Experimental Biology, 1995, 198, 379–393.
• [11] PURKISS S., SHEILA B.A., ROBERTSON D.G., Comparison of methods for calculating internal work of ambulatory movements of elite runners, International Society of Biomechanics Congress XV, Jvaskyla, Finland, 1995.
• [12] ALESHINSKY S.Y., An energy sources and fractions approach to the mechanical energy expenditure problem. Parts I–V, Journal of Biomechanics, 1986, 19(4), 287–293.
• [13] WINTER D.A., Biomechanics of human movement, USA, John Wiley & Sons, 1979.
• [14] CAVAGNA G.A., THYS H., ZAMBONI A., The sources of external work in level walking and running, Journal of Physiology, 1976, 262, 639–657.
• [15] CAVAGNA G.A., KANEKO M., Mechanical work and efficiency in level walking and running, Journal of Physiology, 1977, 268(2), 647–681.
• [16] KUO A.D., Stabilization of lateral motion in passive dynamic walking, International Journal of Robotics Research, 1999, 18, 917–930.
• [17] KUO A.D., A simple model of bipedal walking predicts the preferred speed–step length relationship, Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2001, 123(3), 264–269.
• [18] CAVANAGH P.R., Recommendations for standardization in the reporting of kinematic data, Report from the ISB Committee for Standardization and Terminology, ISB Newsletter, 1992, 44(2/3), 5–9.
• [19] WU G.E., ISB Newsletter, 1992, 47(8/9).
• [20] CHANDLER, CLAUSER C.E., MCCONVILLE T.J., REYNOLDS, YOUNG J.W., Investigation of inertial properties of the human body, Wright–Patterson Air Force Base, AMRL-TR-74-137, 1975, 58.
• [21] CLAUSER C.E., MCCONVILLE J.T., YOUNG J.W., Weight, volume and centre of mass of segments of the human body, Wright–Patterson Air Force Base, AMRL-TR-69-70, 1969, 112.
• [22] YU B., KOH T.J., HAY J.G., A panning DLT procedure for three-dimensional videography, Journal of Biomechanics, 1993, 26(6), 741–751.
• [23] HOF A.L., Scaling gait data to body size, Gait & Posture, 1996, 4, 222–223.
• [24] SUTHERLAND D.H., Dimensionless gait measurements and gait maturity, Gait & Posture, 1996, 4(3), 209–211.
• [25] PIERRYNOWSKI M.R., GALEA V., Enhancing the ability of gait analyses to differentiate between groups: scaling data to body size, Gait & Posture, 2001, 13, 193–201.
• [26] KIRTLEY C., Clinical gait analysis: Theory and practice, Edinburgh, 2006, Elsevier.
• [27] PERRY J., Gait analysis: Normal and pathological function, USA, 1992, SLACK Inc..
• [28] WINTER D.A., A new definition of mechanical work done in human movement, Journal of Applied Physiology, 1979, 46, 79–83.
• [29] GRIFFIN T.M., TOLANI N.A., KRAM R., Walking in simulated reduced gravity: mechanical energy fluctuations and exchange, Journal of Applied Physiology, 1999, 86, 383–390.
• [30] GIDER F., MATJACIC Z., BAJD T., A quantitative gait assessment method based on energy exchange analysis during walking: a normal gait study, Journal of Medical Engineering and Technology, 1995, 29(2), 90–94.
• [31] NEPTUNE R.R., ZAJAC F.E., KAUTZ S.A., Muscle mechanical work requirements during normal walking: the energetic cost of raising the body’s center-of-mass is significant, Journal of Biomechanics, 2004, 37, 817–825.
• [32] CAVAGNA G.A., HEGLUND H.C., TAYLOR C.R., Mechanical work in terrestrial locomotion: two basic mechanisms for minimizing energy expenditure, American Journal of Physiology, 1977, 233(5), R243–61.
• [33] ALEXANDER R.M., Optimization and gaits in the locomotion of vertebrates, Physiological Reviews, 1989, 69(4), 1199– 1227.
• [34] ORTEGA J.D., FARLEY C.T., Minimizing center of mass vertical movement increases metabolic cost in walking, Journal of Applied Physiology, 2005, 99, 2099–2107.
• [35] BURDETT R.G., SKRINAR G.S., SIMON S.R., Comparison of mechanical work and metabolic energy consumption during normal gait, Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 1983, 1, 63–72.
• [36] WILLIAMS K.R., The relationship between mechanical and physiological energy estimates, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 1985, 17, 317–325.