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Purpose: The goal of this paper is to present general overview of research results on Polymeric Gradient Materials (PGMs) performed in Division of Metallic and Polymeric Materials Processing of Silesian University of Technology. Achievements in research on production technologies, compositions and properties are presented. Design/methodology/approach: Two basic technologies that were used for preparing polymeric gradient composites filled with powders are presented (centrifugal and gravity casting). Composites based on epoxy resin and filled with iron, ferrite, graphite, coal powders are characterized. Among other, the following properties were tested: surface resistivity, coefficient of friction, magnetic induction, filler particles distribution in polymeric matrix and others. Findings: Casting methods presented in this article can successfully be used to produce polymer composites characterized by gradual distribution of powder content and by this way by gradual distribution of properties. Results show that it is possible not only to achieve but also in some extend to control gradient of filler concentration. Especially in centrifugal casting is possible to influence gradient of filler concentration and in this way gradient of many properties. Research limitations/implications: The main problem in presented researches was to introduce higher quantities of filler. The side effect of high filler content was high viscosity. Filler particles were added to the epoxy matrix in range from 3vol.% to 50vol.% depending on filler properties, method of casting etc. Practical implications: Elaborated PGMs may be applied in many fields such as medicine, electronics, mining industry, machine building industry and many others. Originality/value: New type of polymeric gradient composites were achieved using centrifugal and gravity casting technique. Influence of casting parameters, concentration and type of filler on composites properties was researched.
Słowa kluczowe
Wydawca
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
153--161
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 27 poz., rys., tabl.
Twórcy
autor
autor
autor
- Division of Metal and Polymer Materials Processing, Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland, agnieszka.dybowska@polsl.pl
Bibliografia
- [1] I. Gruin, Polymer materials, PWN, Warsaw, 2003 (in Polish).
- [2] A. Boczkowska, J. Kapuściński, Z. Leidemann, D. Witemberg-Perzyk, S. Wojciechowski, Composites, Warsaw, 2003 (in Polish).
- [3] J. Stabik, A. Dybowska, Methods of preparing polymeric gradient composites, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 25/1 (2007) 67-70.
- [4] J. Stabik, A. Dybowska, J. Pluszyński, M. Szczepanik, Ł. Suchoń, Magnetic induction of polymer composites filled with ferrite powders, Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 41/1 (2010) 13-20.
- [5] A.M. Afsar, J.I. Song, Effect of FGM coating thickness on apparent fracture toughness of a thick-walled cylinder, Engineering Fracture Mechanics 77 (2010) 2919-2926.
- [6] W.A. Gooch, B.H.C. Chen, M.S. Burkins, R. Palicka, J.J. Rubin, R. Ravichandran, Development and ballistic testing of a functionally gradient ceramic/metal applique, Materials Science Forum 308-311 (1999) 614-621.
- [7] X.F. Yao, T.C. Xiong, W. Xu, H.Y. Yeh, Experimental investigations on deformation and fracture behavior of glass sphere filled epoxy functionally graded materials, Applied Composite Materials 13 (2006) 407-420.
- [8] K. Dreyer, D. Kassel, H.-W. Daub, H. Van den Berg, W. Lengauer, J. Garcia, V. Ucakar, Functionally graded hardmetals and cermets: preparation, performance and production scale up, Proceedings of the 15th International Plansee Seminar, 2001, vol. 2, 768-783.
- [9] Y.D Bilotsky, M.M. Gasik, Gauge field theory for functional graded materials and components, Composites B 28 (1997) 121-125.
- [10] M. Shen, M.B. Bever, Gradients in polymeric materials, Journal of Material Science 7 (1972) 741-746.
- [11] J.D. Ferry, Control of mechanical properties of swollen hydrophilic network polymers; Layer and gradient structures, Preliminary Reports, Memoranda and Technical Notes of the ARPA, Materials Summer Conference Jul (1970) 611-627.
- [12] R.A. Krektuleva, Computer-aided design of high-strength gradient materials operating under dynamic loads, Strength of Materials 35/1 (2003) 82.
- [13] S.A.R. Hashim, U.K. Dwivedi, Estimation of concentration of particles in polymerizing fluid during centrifugal casting of functionally graded polymer composites, Journal of Polymer Research 14 (2007) 75-81.
- [14] M. Funabashi, Gradient composites of nickel coated carbon fibre filled epoxy resin moulded under centrifugal force, Composites A 28 (1997) 731-737.
- [15] L.M. Amirova, K.A. Andrianova, Gradient polymeric materials based on poorly compatible epoxy oligomers, Journal of Applied Polymer Science102 (2006) 96-103.
- [16] Y. Agari, Y. Anan, R. Nomura, Y. Kawasaki, Estimation of the compositional gradient in a PVC/PMMA graded blend prepared by the dissolution-diffusion method, Polymer 48 (2007) 1139-1147.
- [17] A. Siddhartha, A. Patnaik, A.D. Bhatt, Mechanical and dry sliding wear characterization of epoxy-TiO2 particulate filled functionally graded composites materials using Taguchi design of experiment, Materials and Design 32 (2011) 615-627.
- [18] B. Wen, G. Wu, J. Yu, A flat polymeric gradient material: preparation, structure and property, Polymer 45 (2004) 3359-3365.
- [19] J. Stabik, A. Dybowska, J. Pluszyński, M. Szczepanik, Ł. Suchoń, Magnetic induction of polimer gradient composite based on epoxy resin filled with bariom and strontium ferrites, Proceedings of the 8th International Conference “The improvement of the quality, reability and long usage of technical systems and technological processes”, Hurghada, Egipt, 2009, 60-62.
- [20] J. Stabik, A. Dybowska, Electrical and tribological properties of gradient epoxy-graphite composites, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 27/1 (2008) 39-42.
- [21] M. Szczepanik, J. Stabik, M. Łazarczyk, A. Dybowska, Influence of graphite on electrical properties of polymeric composites, Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 37/1 (2009) 37-44.
- [22] J. Jang, S. Han, Mechanical properties of glass-fibre mat/PMMA functionally gradient composite, Composites A30 (1999) 1045-1053.
- [23] J. Stabik, M Szczepanik, A. Dybowska, Ł. Suchoń, Electrical properties of polymeric gradient materials based on epoxy resin filled with hard coal, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 38/1 (2010) 56-63.
- [24] P. Tsotra, K. Friedrich, Electrical and mechanical properties of functionally graded epoxy-resin/carbon fibre composites, Composites A 34 (2003) 75-82.
- [25] K. Tohgo, M. Iizuka, H. Araki, Y. Shimamura, Influence of microstructure on facture toughness distribution in ceramic-metal functionally graded materials, Engineering Fracture Mechanics 75 (2008) 4529-4541.
- [26] M. Krumova, C. Klingshirn, F. Haupert, K. Friedrich, Microhardness studies on functionally graded polymer composites, Composites Science and Technology 61 (2001) 557-563.
- [27] J. Stabik, G. Wróbel, A. Dybowska, M. Szczepanik, J. Pluszyński, Magnetic Graded Composites, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference “Modern Achievements of Science and Education”, Natanya, Israel, (2008) 61-64.
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Bibliografia
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bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BOS2-0023-0041