BazTech - Yadda

1

Właściwości fizykochemiczne, biologiczne i aplikacyjne izocyjanków. Część 2, Zastosowanie w medycynie i materiałoznawstwie

Pawlak Marta, Pobłocki Kacper, Drzeżdżon Joanna, Jacewicz Dagmara

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2023

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[Z] 77, 3-4

239--256

EN

Isocyanides are compounds with a triple bond between a nitrogen atom and a carbon atom. Thanks to this structure, there is an electron lone pair on the carbon atom, which allows these compounds to participate in many reactions in organic chemistry. Due to their properties and the number of reactions in which they can participate, this group has been applied in medicine. Both natural and synthetic isocyanides have antifungal, antibacterial, antimalarial, antiviral and anticancer properties. The reactions involving them allow for a much simpler and faster synthesis of many pharmaceuticals. In addition, these compounds have application properties, making it possible to obtain polymers. Despite the polymerization of these compounds raising many objections, many polymeric materials based on isocyanides have found applications both in science and in everyday life.

2

Zastosowanie polimerów w medycynie

Młynarczyk Karolina, Podkościelna Beata

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2023

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T. 102, nr 2

179--185

PL

W artykule zawarto aktualny stan wiedzy dotyczący najczęściej stosowanych naturalnych i syntetycznych polimerów w medycynie. Przeglądu dokonano wg dziedzin zastosowania, od technologii implantów, protez, materiałów stomatologicznych, przez inżynierię tkankową i genetyczną, aż po systemy kontrolowanego uwalniania leków. Rozwój medycyny nie jest możliwy bez zastosowania różnych materiałów polimerowych.

EN

A review, with 52 refs., of medical applications of natural and synthetic polymers. The applications of polymers in the technology of manufacturing implants, prostheses and dental materials, as well as in tissue engineering and genetic engineering were discussed. Biodegradable polymers used in controlled drug release systems were also described.

3

Technologia wytwarzania wysokogatunkowego papieru o wzmocnionych właściwościach fizykochemicznych

Mijowska Ewa, Wenelska Karolina

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2023

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R. 79, nr 5

236--237

PL

Wypełniacze mineralne są używane głównie do produkcji papierów drukowych i do pisania oraz niektórych rodzajów papieru gazetowego. Ich celem jest poprawa właściwości optycznych papieru i jego zdolności do drukowania, zwłaszcza w przypadku druku wielobarwnego. Wypełniacze nadają również nieprzezroczystość i zastępują droższą masę celulozową bielonymi tańszymi substytutami. Związki wapnia i kaolin są najczęściej stosowanymi wypełniaczami, a ich wykorzystanie wynika z potrzeby obniżenia kosztów produkcji. Jednakże, każdy dodatek wypełniacza obniża wytrzymałość wyrobów papierniczych, dlatego zastosowanie wypełniaczy zależy od wymagań jakościowych końcowego produktu. Wypełniacze są dodatkami stosowanymi w produkcji papieru, które wypełniają przestrzenie między włóknami i poprawiają jego właściwości, takie jak białość, nieprzezroczystość, miękkość, podatność na satynowanie i chłonność farby drukarskiej, a także stabilność wymiarową przy zmianach wilgotności powietrza.

EN

Mineral fillers are mainly used in the production of printing and writing papers and some newsprint grades. Their purpose is to improve the optical properties of the paper and its printability, especially for multi-colour printing. Fillers also impart opacity and replace more expensive pulp with bleached substitutes. Calcium compounds and kaolin are the most commonly used fillers and their use is driven by the need to reduce production costs. However, any filler addition reduces the strength of paper products, so the use of fillers depends on the quality requirements of the final product. Fillers are additives used in paper production that fill the spaces between the fibres and improve paper properties such as whiteness, opacity, softness, satinating ability and ink absorption, as well as dimensional stability under changes in air humidity.

4

Zastosowania systemów uwalniania wankomycyny do regeneracji tkanki kostnej

Träger Dominika, Niziołek Karina

Inżynieria Materiałowa

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2023

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Vol. 44, nr 4

18--24

PL

Wankomycyna (VA) jest szeroko stosowanym glikopeptydowym antybiotykiem, o bardzo skutecznym działaniu bakteriobójczym/bakteriostatycznym. Jest stosowana profilaktycznie przed operacjami, po zabiegach lub w ich trakcie wraz z wszczepianym implantem celem zahamowania namnażania się bakterii i zapobiegania infekcji. Pomimo skutecznego działania bakteriobójczego, nieostrożne i niewłaściwe podanie antybiotyku może skutkować toksycznym działaniem prowadzącym do stałych uszkodzeń w ciele. W przeglądzie przedstawiono przykłady połączenia VA z implantami, które pozwalają na precyzyjne dostarczenie leku oraz kontrolę nad czasem jego uwalniania, wspomagając tym samym regenerację tkanki kostnej

EN

Vancomycin (VA) is a widely used glycopeptide antibiotic with highly effective bactericidal/bacteriostatic activity. It is used prophylactically before, after, or during surgery along with an implant to inhibit bacterial proliferation and prevent infection. Despite its effective antibacterial effect, careless and inappropriate administration of the antibiotic can result in toxicity leading to permanent damage in the body. The review provides examples of combining VA with implants that allow precise delivery of the drug and control over the timing of its release, thereby aiding bone tissue regeneration

5

Rheological behavior of polymer-based drilling fluids: experimental study of temperature effects

Safi Brahim, Aboutaleb Djamila, Haider Soumya

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 28, no. 1

95--104

EN

Drilling fluids most commonly used are generally based on polymers. Polymers such as methylcellulose carboxylate (CMC), polyanionic cellulose (PAC) and xanthan (Xn) have a very important role in the success of drilling operations. Indeed, they are also used to improve certain properties, in particular rheological. However, these polymers can lose their characteristics under the influence of increasing temperature at the bottom of oil wells, thus affecting the ability of the mud to perform its useful role in the drilling operation, namely to raise the cuttings from the bottom of the well to the surface. The present work aims to study the effect of temperature on the main rheological properties (shear stress and plastic viscosity) as well as on the rheological behavior of water-based drilling muds (WBM). WBM_CMC and WBM_PAC (at Xn content fixed) were selected to evaluate the temperature effect (20°C; 40°C; 60°C and 80°C) on the rheological parameters and the rheological behavior. The results revealed that the shear stress and the plastic viscosity of the studied muds were considerably affected by an increase in temperature. A significant decrease in these drilling mud parameters as a function of temperature up to 80°C. A reduction of 58.8% in shear stress and 78.5% in plastic viscosity was observed. The results show that regardless of the test temperature, the shear thinning behavior of the WBM_CMC and WBM_PAC drilling muds is the same as the Herschel-Bulkley model.

6

Investigating the content of microplastics and other extraneous particles in Polish bottled water

Aleksander-Kwaterczak Urszula, Gaj Dominika, Stelmach Alex, Wróbel Tomasz P.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2023

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Vol. 49, no. 4

335--353

EN

Bottled water has enjoyed a global increase in popularity since it is generally perceived to be superior in quality to tap water and necessary when tap water is non-potable. As a result, ensuring that it meets the requisite quality standards is of vital importance. This work aims to examine the content of solid particles, including microplastics, in bottled water available in Polish stores. The second aspect is the preliminary determination of the influence of the water gassing process, together with thermal and light factors, on the content of particles in the water. The number of particles was counted by colour and shape, with the number ranging from 87 to 188 per litre of water; on average, there were 136 ±32 particles per litre of water, demonstrating that water from disposable plastic bottles is contaminated with various substances. The difference in the number of particles may be due to the origin of the waters, the processes they were subjected to prior to bottling, the properties of the bottles as packaging, and the conditions and length of storage and transport. Additional Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis confirmed that about 75% of the particles were polymers, and 50% of them were plastics. Particularly alarming is the fact that the bottled waters mostly contained microplastic particles (MP) of smaller sizes, the kind which is recognized as being the most dangerous to human health. In the study, most particles were in the form of irregular shapes, which may indicate that they come from the destruction of waste or plastic products. This is also indicated by the domination of colourless particles. More particles were found in waters exposed to high and low temperatures than in waters stored at room temperature, potentially indicating that storage conditions for drinking water are important. Taking into account the results obtained, increasing attention should be paid to the health risks posed by such microplastics and there is a clear need to introduce legal regulations on the matter. The lack of any legal guidelines or unified standards in the field of MP research means that the results are not always representative, and it also makes it difficult to compare the results from different studies.

7

Przemysłowe akceleratory elektronów i ich zastosowania w technologiach radiacyjnych : radiacyjnie indukowane procesy chemiczne, sieciowanie polimerów

Bułka Sylwester

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2023

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Vol. 64, Nr 6

26--31

PL

Niniejszy opis dotyczy podstaw oraz prezentacji technologii, które mogą być wdrożone przy użyciu promieniowania jonizującego, zastosowań w energetyce, przetwórstwie polimerów i kompozytów, radiacyjnym sieciowaniu kabli, przewodów, powłok i pokryć powierzchniowych, produkcję komponentów dla energetyki i przemysłu takich jak: rury, taśmy termokurczliwe, wytwarzanie komponentów dla innych sektorów gospodarki (opony, części do samochodów elektrycznych, statków, części do samolotów i pojazdów szynowych.

EN

This overview concerns the basics and presentation of technologies that can be implemented using ionizing radiation, applications in the power industry, processing of polymers and composites, radiation cross-linking of cables, wires, surface coatings and coatings, production of components for the power industry and industry, such as: pipes, heat shrinkable tapes, production of components for other sectors of the economy (tyres, parts for electric cars, ships, parts for airplanes and rail vehicles.

8

Generation of large scale robotic 3D printing trajectories and optimization of the quality of pieces

Rosoux François, Appeldoorn Henri, Garray Didier, Beeckman Eric

Computer Methods in Materials Science

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2023

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Vol. 23, No. 1

35--41

EN

Incremental sheet forming is used to form metal sheets on massive dies. However, the waste and time lost due to the machining of dies can be a problem for both companies and the environment. Additive manufacturing is thus a potential alternative to classical machining of dies, but these complex geometries could be challenging for classical layer-by-layer 3D printing techniques. This paper will present an innovative process based on a 3D printing technology using 3-axis systems and a pellet extruder combined with the generation of non-planar trajectories in order to achieve good surface quality. PLA-based parts were realised to evaluate surface quality and mechanical properties. With such a technique, the obtained 3D printed parts were closer to the expected CAD geometries and smoother top surfaces were obtained. These improvements have been made possible through the development of specific post-processors and printing strategies in order to replicate the behaviour of a 3D printer at a larger scale, which is a current challenge in robotic 3D printing.

9

Presence of MNPs in Water Environment-pathways of Degradation and Impact on Organisms

Zając Marcin, Kotyńska Joanna, Naumowicz Monika

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2023

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Vol. 33, no. 4

106--122

EN

In recent years, micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) in the natural environment have become a severe issue. Therefore, it seems significant to be knowledgeable on the topic. The purpose of the literature review presented here is to describe the general characteristics of plastic particles, their main sources, degradation mechanisms, and the impact of plastic particles on individual systems of the human body. The usefulness and scale of distribution of plastics worldwide is shown, considering the increase in their production in recent years. Up-to-date literature indicates that they may influence the development of cancer, e.g. stomach, liver, or colon cancer. Scientists associate microplastics with the development of cardiovascular and immunological diseases. They also draw attention to the temporal correlation between the increased incidence of the above-civilization diseases and the increased environmental contamination with microplastics in recent decades.

10

Emissivity measurement of black paint using the calorimetric method

Pelińska-Olko Ewa

Archives of Thermodynamics

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2023

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Vol. 44, no 3

161--177

EN

The paper is of practical importance and describes the construction of a test rig and the measurement method for determining the relative emissivity coefficient of thermosensitive thin polymer coatings. Polymers are high-molecular chemical compounds that produce chains of repeating elements called ‘mers’. The polymers can be natural and artificial. The former ones form the building material for living organisms, the latter – for plastics. In this work, the words plastics and polymers are used as synonyms. Some plastics are thermosensitive materials with specific physical and chemical properties. The calorimetric method mentioned in the title consists of two steps. The first stage, described here, involves very accurately measuring the emissivity of black paint with the highest possible relative emissivity coefficient, which covers the surface of the heater and the inner surface of the chamber. In the second step, the thermosensitive polymer will be placed on the inner surface of the chamber, while black paint with a known emissivity coefficient will remain on the heater. Such a way of determining the properties of thermosensitive polymers will increase the error of the method itself, but at the same time will avoid melting of the polymer coating. During the tests, the results of which are presented in this work, the emissivity coefficient of the black paint was obtained in the range of 0.958–0.965.

11

The impact of 3D printing assumptions and CNC machining conditions on the mechanical parameters of the selected PET material

Krawulski P., Dyl T.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 120, nr 1

36--41

EN

Purpose: This article focuses on a comparative analysis of the technology of additive shaping and multi-axis CNC machining. The authors examine the impact of 3D printing assumptions and CNC machining conditions on the strength of the selected PET material used to produce machine elements on the example of a shaft-type element. The purpose of the study is to identify a better production method. Design/methodology/approach: The analysis was carried out by producing six samples of different diameters and lengths from the same thermoplastic material (ethylene terephthalate) by both 3D printing (FDM) and CNC machining. The resulting samples were subjected to a static compression test, for which a universal testing machine by Zwick & Roell 100 kN was used. The following factors during the production of elements were compared: the difficulty of preparing the project, the time of execution, the cost of execution, the accuracy of the execution and the properties of the elements made. Findings: Elements made by CNC machining have higher compressive strength and yield strength, as well as lower relative expansion and relative shortening. Those produced by CNC machining are created as a monolith (semi-finished product), and the printed elements are incrementally shaped layer by layer. During the strength test, the spaces between the layers decrease, which in turn causes an increase in relative shortening and a decrease in strength properties. Research limitations/implications: Further research is planned on the analysis of manufacturing technology using incremental shaping technology (e.g. change of filling density, change of filling type, change of material) compared to CNC machining. Practical implications: In the conducted tests, a universal method was used, which can be translated into a comparative study of elements made of other materials. Originality/value: The research carried out allowed for the initial assessment of the use of PET material for the production of machine elements through 3D printing and CNC machining.

12

A Review on Additive Manufacturing – Methods, Materials, and its Associated Failures

Gade Siddhant, Vagge Shashikant, Rathod Manoj

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2023

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Vol. 17, no 3

40--63

EN

Nowadays, additive manufacturing (AM) has surpassed traditional machining in the realm of emerging manufacturing. In the case of conventional machining, where the material is removed by different processes (subtractive manufacturing), there is a possibility of warping and internal stress development. Rapid prototyping is another option to avoid all the drawbacks of conventional machining in terms of manufacturing cost, time, accuracy, and quality. Rapid prototyping of a product by adding material (additive manufacturing) is gaining commercial traction. Additive manufacturing is frequently employed for the fabrication and bulk customization of all kinds of intricate geometrical designs those are absurd by traditional manufacturing techniques. Additive manufacturing techniques are broadly divided into four categories: (a) material extrusion, (b) chain polymerization, (c) laser or electron beam assisted sintering, and (d) direct writing-based processes. This article is a cutting-edge review that focuses on additive manufacturing processes and materials used in additive manufacturing. The process parameters for experimentation are chosen based on the application for which the part is designed. Some input process factors influence others for a specific response, and these critical process parameters are identified and optimized. This paper also gives a synopsis of failures associated with some additive manufacturing methods and their preventive actions.

13

Properties of rubber-like materials and their blends in wide range of temperatures – experimental and numerical study

Konarzewski Marcin, Stankiewicz Michał, Sarzyński Marcin, Wieczorek Marcin, Czerwińska Magdalena, Prasuła Piotr, Panowicz Robert

Acta Mechanica et Automatica

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2023

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Vol. 17, no. 3

317--332

EN

Elastomers are widely used in many industries. Their use requires thorough knowledge of their strength and stiffness parameters over a wide temperature range. However, determination of the parameters of such materials is still a challenge. Therefore, the paper presents research methodology allowing determination of the properties of rubber-like materials in a wide range of stretch and temperatures (from +50°C to 25°C) by using the example of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and natural rubber (NR) elastomers. Additionally, two blends, chloroprene rubber/nitrile-butadiene rubber (CR/NBR) and NR/SBR blends, were also considered. Based on physical premises, a polynomial and Arruda–Boyce hyperelastic constitutive models parameters were determined using two different methods, namely curve-fitting and the successive response surface method.

14

Investigation of advanced self-healing concrete applications in construction

Korkmaz Kasim, Bogedain Adam, Al-Durzi Luay F.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Częstochowskiej. Budownictwo

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2022

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Z. 28 (178)

42-49

EN

Preventing cracks in concrete is a critical issue in the construction industry. The self-healing concrete phenomenon can be a good solution for mitigating cracks in concrete without any direct intervention. Construction industry researchers are developing many different self-healing concrete materials using a variety of sub-materials and techniques. This research project investigates self-healing concrete applications that use various cementitious materials, such as fly ash, slag, and polymeric materials, which can easily be applied in the construction industry. To present this application, experimental tests on different concrete mixes have been conducted using Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and compression tests. For this experimental study, samples were placed under various environmental conditions, such as water-saturation and frozen temperatures. The results of the investigation are detailed and discussed in the study. The graphs illustrate behavioral differences between fly ash, slag, and polymeric materials. Based on the experimental results, healing capacity existed in all mixture types in the saturated and frozen environments. In the results, samples were characterized by good mechanical properties represented by damage resistance, aggregate/mortar adhesion, and compressive strength.

PL

Zapobieganie pęknięciom betonu to kluczowa kwestia w branży budowlanej. Zjawisko samonaprawiającego się betonu może być dobrym rozwiązaniem do łagodzenia pęknięć w betonie bez jakiejkolwiek bezpośredniej interwencji. Badacze z branży budowlanej opracowują wiele różnych samonaprawiających się materiałów betonowych z użyciem różnych materiałów i technik. Zaprezentowany projekt bada zastosowania samonaprawiającego się betonu, który wykorzystuje różne materiały cementowe, takie jak popiół lotny, żużel i materiały polimerowe, które można łatwo zastosować w przemyśle budowlanym. Aby przedstawić tę aplikację, przeprowadzono testy eksperymentalne na różnych mieszankach betonowych z użyciem ultradźwiękowych testów prędkości impulsu i ściskania. W tym badaniu eksperymentalnym próbki umieszczono w różnych warunkach środowiskowych, takich jak nasycenie wodą i przemarzanie. Wyniki badania szczegółowo omówiono w artykule. Wykresy ilustrują różnice behawioralne między popiołem lotnym, żużlem i materiałami polimerowymi. Na podstawie wyników eksperymentów stwierdzono, że wszystkie rodzaje mieszanin w środowiskach nasyconych i zamarzniętych miały zdolność regeneracji. W uzyskanych wynikach próbki charakteryzowały się dobrymi właściwościami mechanicznymi reprezentowanymi przez odporność na uszkodzenia, przyczepność kruszywa do zaprawy oraz wytrzymałość na ściskanie.

15

Polimery z pamięcią kształtu i ich otrzymywanie

Andrzejewski Kewin, Czyżów Wiktor, Jacewicz Dagmara, Drzeżdżon Joanna

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2022

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[Z] 76, 3-4

183--205

EN

SMP (shape-memory polymers) is an innovative class of programmable materials responsive to various stimuli. They are attracting increasing attention regarding possible new inventions, industrial use, and overall polymer research. After a brief introduction, this article examines the conventional shape-memory effect, methods of fabrication of shape memory polymers, and molecular and structural requirements for SMP to function. The shape memory behavior of such polymers is thoroughly presented, with the focus being on the thermo- and photo-induced SME. The uses in biomedical and industrial areas are also discussed.

16

Zrównoważony rozwój opakowań do żywności

Gajlewicz Izabela, Lenartowicz-Klik Marta

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2022

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T. 76, nr 8

66--71

PL

Zrównoważony rozwój to nie tylko kwestia środowiskowa, ale kompleksowe podejście firmy (wspólnie z jej klientami) do lepszego sposobu prowadzenia działalności i rozwoju. Kluczowymi czynnikami w zrównoważonej produkcji opakowań jest możliwość ich ponownego użycia i recyklingu oraz wykorzystywanie do produkcji materiałów odnawialnych i biosurowców. Opisano rolę opakowań do żywności w Gospodarce Obiegu Zamkniętego (GOZ) oraz w zrównoważonym rozwoju. Zaprezentowano najważniejsze zasady ekoprojektowania opakowań w celu ograniczenia powstawania odpadów oraz zwiększenia ich przydatności do recyklingu. Dążenie do zamkniętego obiegu surowców i odpowiedzialnego wykorzystywania materiałów opakowaniowych, w aspekcie zapobiegania dalszemu zanieczyszczeniu środowiska i zmniejszania ich śladu węglowego staje się istotnym czynnikiem przewagi konkurencyjnej w przemyśle opakowaniowym.

EN

Sustainability is not only an environmental issue, but a comprehensive approach to a better way of doing business and growing a company together with its customers. A key factor in the sustainable production of flexible packaging is its reusability, recyclability and the use of renewable materials and bio-based materials. The article describes the role of food pack-aging in the Circular Economy (circular economy) and its role in sustainable development. The most important principles of eco-design of packaging in order to reduce waste genera-tion and its suitability for recycling were presented. Striving for a closed circulation of raw materials and responsible use of packaging materials, in the aspect of preventing further environmental pollution and reducing their carbon footprint, is becoming an important competitive advantage factor in the packaging industry.

17

Aktywne i inteligentne materiały opakowaniowe

Gajlewicz Izabela

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2022

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T. 76, nr 5

36--42

PL

Zainteresowanie rozwojem inteligentnych i aktywnych materiałów opakowaniowych wzrasta, ponieważ producenci żywności starają się pozytywnie wpływać na zrównoważony rozwój i środowisko swoich produktów, przy jednoczesnym zachowaniu ich jakości i bezpieczeństwa. Aktywne materiały opakowaniowe zawierają składniki zwiększające ich funkcjonalność. Przykładami takich składników są: środki przeciwdrobnoustrojowe, przeciwutleniacze czy stabilizatory UV. Inteligentne materiały opakowaniowe zawierają elementy wykrywające, które zapewniają wskazanie zmiany kontrolowanych parametrów żywności, takich jak jakość, dojrzałość lub bezpieczeństwo. W artykule omówiono kilka rozwiązań stosowanych w opracowywaniu aktywnych i inteligentnych materiałów opakowaniowych dla przemysłu spożywczego.

EN

The interest in the development of intelligent and active packaging materials, especially biodegradable ones, is increasing as food producers try to improve the sustainable development and environmental impact of their products, while maintaining their quality and safety. Active packaging materials contain ingredients that increase their functionality, such as antimicrobials agents, antioxidants, UV stabilizers. Smart packaging materials contain sensing elements that provide an indication of changes in food parameters such as quality, maturity or safety. The article discusses several solutions used in the development of active and intelligent packaging materials in the food industry.

18

Wpływ wielokrotnego przetwarzania na właściwości wytrzymałościowe mieszaniny polilaktyd/polistyren

Fabijański Mariusz

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2022

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T. 101, nr 1

65--68

PL

Polilaktyd (PLA), polistyren (PS) oraz ich 3 mieszaniny zawierające je w ilości odpowiednio 25/75, 50/50 i 75/25% mas. poddano pięciokrotnej obróbce we wtryskarce ślimakowej. Właściwości mechaniczne materiałów oceniano po każdym procesie wtrysku. W przypadku PLA zmiana właściwości w zależności od krotności przetwarzania była mniejsza niż w przypadku PS. Wraz ze spadkiem zawartości PS w mieszaninie różnice w wydłużeniu przy zerwaniu w zależności od krotności obróbki były mniejsze. Zaobserwowano spadek udarności wszystkich materiałów po każdej kolejnej obróbce.

EN

Polylactide (PLA) and polystyrene (PS) as well as 3 mixts. contg. them in amts. of 25/75, 50/50 and 75/25% by mass, resp., were processed five times in a screw injection molding machine. The mech. properties of the materials were assessed after each injection process. The changes in PLA properties depending on the processing multiplicity were smaller than for PS. A decrease in the impact strength of all materials after each subsequent processing was obsd.

19

Redukcja oporów przepływu

Malcher Tadeusz

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2022

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T. 101, nr 9

714--717

PL

Zjawisko anormalnie zmniejszonych oporów przepływu wywołują substancje powierzchniowo czynne SPC (surfaktanty) oraz polimery o dużej masie cząsteczkowej. Dzięki tym dodatkom można uzyskać znaczne, nawet kilkudziesięcioprocentowe, oszczędności energii niezbędnej do realizacji przepływu. Przejawia się to w zwiększonym natężeniu przepływu płynu, bez zmiany zapotrzebowania na moc.

EN

A review, with 26 refs., of the fundamentals of the phenomenon of abnormally reduced flow resistance caused by the addn. of surfactants or high molecular weight polymers. The practical benefits resulting from the use of the additives were indicated and examples of their applications were presented.

20

Evaluation of the properties of modified local asphalt binder by using styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) or low-density polyethylene (LDPE)

Mustafa Safa, Hameed Mohammed Aziz, Dulaimi Anmar

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2022

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Vol. 31, No. 3

190--202

EN

The influence of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) or low-density polyethylene (LDPE) polymers on the characteristics of local asphalt binder was analyzed to characterize the rheological properties. The results indicated that the SBR or LDPE increased the softening point. The softening point was enhanced by around 35% when 9% of SBR was used in comparison to the unmodified asphalt, while there was a 15% increment when LDPE was used. The results also indicated that the SBR or LDPE decreased the penetration rate. The penetration decreases by around 36% when 9% of SBR is used compared to the neat asphalt, while a significant increment was 89% when 9% of LDPE is used. Additionally, when 9% SBR was employed, the ductility of the asphalt binder rose by roughly 73%, but 64% less ductility was seen when 9% LDPE was utilized. Finally, the addition of the additive has improved the penetration index, thus reducing the temperature sensitivity. Due to said above, SBR and LDPE are practical and promising modifiers that will be useful in enhancing the performance of the asphalt binder straightforwardly and efficiently.