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Purpose: of this paper is show how parylene coatings can protect biological specimens. Design/methodology/approach: Parylene technology is a process, in which a thin polymer film of a very uniform thickness is deposited onto the entire surface of any object placed in the reactor. The polymer, either poly-para-xylylene or one of its ring substituted derivatives, is characterized by excellent mechanical and dielectric [1] as well as barrier [2] properties, at the same time being transparent in the entire visible range of radiation. The process takes place at room temperature, which permits to use virtually any material as substrate. Findings: The following work reports results of parylene application to the conservation of such natural objects, as Pieris brassicae butterflies, Pygocentrus piranya pirania fish and Quercus L. oak leaves. The number of specimens was always divided in two, of which one part was coated with 4 micrometers of Parylene C while the other remained uncoated as a reference sample. All the specimen were then placed on the surface of garden soil and kept there at constant temperature of 37°C and constant humidity of 75%, where their disintegration was followed by means of optical microscopy. After several months of staying under these conditions all the coated specimens were intact remaining their full integrity and colors. In contrast to that, the uncoated fish began to decompose after nine days, the uncoated butterflies after twenty one days and uncoated leaves after three months. Practical implications: A very tight deposition, at room temperature of such a coating onto practically any object obviously focuses an attention of conservators of both natural and cultural human heritage [3-6]. Probably the most important advantage of this technology is its extraordinary penetration ability. When coating a fabric, for instance, this feature allows one to deposit parylene film onto single fibers, leaving open space in-between and simultaneously reinforcing the knots. This is the reason why parylene technology is most often used in the conservation of paper [5] and silk [6]. Originality/value: The originality of present investigation is in application of parylene coatings. The method should be interest for the conservation applications.
Wydawca
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
442--447
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 15 poz., rys., tabl.
Twórcy
autor
autor
autor
autor
autor
autor
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Technical University of Lodz, ul. Stefanowskiego 1, 90-924, Łódź, Poland, nosand@poczta.onet.pl
Bibliografia
- [1] M. A. Spivak, Parylene Thin Films for Radiation Applications, Review of Scientific Instruments 41/11 (1970) 1614.
- [2] M. Szwarc, Poly-para-xylelene: Its chemistry and application in coating technology, Polymer Engineering and Science 16/7 (1976) 473-479.
- [3] S. Strauss, Technology Review, October (1997) 20.
- [4] C. Cookson; Evidence grows of CJD link with meat; Financial Times March 21 (1996) 1.
- [5] B. J. Humphrey, Restaurator, 11, 48 (1990)
- [6] B. G. Halvorson, N. Kerr; Effect of light on the properties of silk fabrics coated with parylene-C; Studies in Conservation 39/1 (1994) 45-57.
- [7] M. Szwarc; Erratum: The C[Single Bond]H Bond Energy in Toluene and the Xylenes; Journal of Chemical Physics 16/2 (1948) 128-136.
- [8] L. A. Errede, B. F. Landrum; The Chemistry of p-Xylylene.1 I. The Preparation of Solutions of Pseudodiradicals2; Journal of the American Chemical Society 79/18 (1957) 4952-4955.
- [9] R. S. Corley, H. C. Haas, M. W.Cane, D. I. Livingstone, Journal of Polymer Science 13 (1954) 137.
- [10] W.D. Niegisch; Morphology of poly-p-xylylene, Journal of Polymer Science Part B 4/8 (1966) 531-536.
- [11] C. J. Brown, A. C. Farthing; Preparation and Structure of Di-p-Xylylene; Nature 164 (1949) 915-916.
- [12] V. Boekelheide; Syntheses and Properties of the [2n]Cyclophanes; Springer, Berlin, 1983, 87-143.
- [13] R. H. Boyd; Tetrahedron Letters 36/22 (1966) 119-125.
- [14] W. F. Gorham; Para-xylyleny polimers; United States Patent Office No 3,342,754 Patented, Sept. 19, 1967.
- [15] M. Gazicki, W. J. James, H. K. Yasuda, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, Journal of Polymer Science: Letters Polymer Edition 23 (1985) 639-645.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BOS2-0021-0044