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Morphological, behavioural and physiological adaptations of chironomids pupae to oxygen-poor habitats, such as the profundal zone of lakes, are discussed. Lentic and oxyregulator species possess developed respiratory organs (thoracic horns) and an extensive anal fringe to perform respiratory movements, whereas in rheophilic and oxy-conformer species these structures are reduced or absent. This led to the hypothesis that the number of thoracic horn branches, the number of anal macrosetae and the body size could consititute a measure of a species' oxygen requirements. These characters were analyzed in 12 species groups collected in 39 Italian lakes. Numbers were correlated to the optimum value of oxygen level, total phosphorus concentration and transparency calculated for each taxon. Taxa with plumose thoracic horns, extensive anal fringe and large body size (Chironomus) inhabited habitats poorer in oxygen than those inhabited by taxa with less extensive respiratory surface and fringe and small body size (Paratendipes, Polypedilum, Microtendipes). Stictochironomus was less tolerant than expected. Further studies are needed into the physiological adaptations of chironomid pupae.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
687--693
Opis fizyczny
Twórcy
autor
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
autor
- Section of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Museo Tridentino di Scienze Naturali, Via Calepina 14, 38100 Trento, Italy
autor
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy, laura.marziali@unimi.it
Bibliografia
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- Coffman W.P. 1979 – Neglected characters in pupal morphology as tools in taxonomy and phylogeny of Chironomidae (Diptera) – Ent. Scand. Suppl. 10: 37–46.
- Cranston P.S. 1995 – Morphology (In: The Chironomidae. The biology and ecology of non-biting midges, Eds: P. Armitage, P.S. Cranston, L.C.V. Pinder) – Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 12–30.
- Hamburger K., Dall P.C., Lindegaard C., Nilson I.B. 2000 – Survival and energy metabolism in an oxygen deficient environment. Field and laboratory studies on the bottom fauna from the profundal zone of Lake Esrom, Denmark – Hydrobiologia, 432: 173–188.
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- Pinder L.C.V. 1995 – The habitats of chironomid larvae (In: The Chironomidae. The biology and ecology of non-biting midges, Eds: P. Armitage, P.S. Cranston, L.C.V. Pinder) – Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 107–135.
- Rosenberg D. M. 1992 – Freshwater biomonitoring and Chironomidae (In: Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Chironomidae, Amsterdam 1991, Eds: W.J. van de Bund, M.H.S. Kraak) – Neth. J. Aquat. Ecol. 26: 101–122.
- Ruse L. 2002 – Chironomid pupal exuviae as indicators of lake status – Arch. Hydrobiol. 153: 367–390.
- Thienemann A. 1910 – Das Sammeln von Puppenhäuten der Chironomiden – Arch. Hydrobiol. 6: 213–214. (in German)
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Bibliografia
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