Fish diversity in different habitats in the streams of lower middle Western Himalayas

• Autorzy: Johal M. , Krishan-Tandon Kewal , Kumar-Tyor Anil , Kumar-Rawal Yogesh
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The present study was carried out in the lower middle Western Himalayan streams in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh of the three river basins namely the Ghaggar, the Sutlej and the Yamuna. The main aim was to study fish assemblage structure/composition, fish diversity in different habitats and the habitat preference of the fishes. The different habitats like pools, riffles, runs and rapids were sampled over a 2 km stretch at all the sites with the help of cast net of 1 cm mesh size having a diameter of 1-2 meter on a fixed day every month between mid morning and late afternoon. All the sites when broadly delineated at level-1 fall into type - B except site II that is an F - type stream. A total of 23 species belonging to four orders were recorded of which the cyprinids were the most dominant group. According to Shannon-Weawer diversity index, the pool habitat supports greater diversity (H' = 0.72-0.97), Runs (H' = 0.24-0.87) and riffles (H' = 0.22-0.81) have diversity very near to each other at all the sites whereas rapids have significantly lower fish diversity (H' = 0.00-0.58). The pool is the preferred habitat for most of the cyprinid fishes recorded in the present study especially the minnows.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

fish assemblage structure; fish diversity; fish habitat; species richness; stream; Western Himalayas

• Wydawca: Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Ecology
• Rocznik: 2002
• Tom: Vol. 50, nr 1
• Strony: 45--56
• Opis fizyczny: Tab., fot., mapy,Bibliogr. 52 poz.,

Twórcy

autor

Johal M.

• Fish & Fisheries Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh - 160014 India

autor

Krishan-Tandon Kewal

• Fish & Fisheries Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh - 160014 India

autor

Kumar-Tyor Anil

• Fish & Fisheries Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh - 160014 India

autor

Kumar-Rawal Yogesh

• Fish & Fisheries Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh - 160014 India

Bibliografia

• [1]. Aadland L. P. 1993 - Stream habitat types: Their fish assemblages and relationship to flow - North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 13: 790-806.
• [2]. Angermeier P. L., Schlosser I. J. 1989 - Speciesarea relationships for stream fishes - Ecology, 70: 1450-1462.
• [3]. Armantrout N. B. 1999 - Glossary of aquatic habitat inventory technology - American Fisheries So-ciety 150 pp.
• [4]. Arunachalam M. 2000 - Assemblage structure of stream fishes in the Western Ghats (India) - Hy-drobiologia, 430: 1-31.
• [5]. Arunachalam M., Johnson J. A., Sankaranaray-anan A. 1997a - Fish diversity in rivers of Nort-hem Karnataka - Int. J. Ecol. Envir. Sci. 23: 327-333.
• [6]. Arunachalam M., Johnson J. A., Soranam R., Han i ffa M. A. 1997b - Fish Diversity in Chittar river of Western Ghats - Int. J. Ecol. Envir. Sci. 23: 335-342.
• [7]. Arunachalam M., Madhusoodanan Nair K. C., Vijverberg J., Kortmulder K. 1988 - Food and habitat usage of a cyprinid fish assemblage in stream Pools of a South Indian river - Rep. 19, Limnological Institute of the Royal Academy of Sciences, The Netherlands, 89 pp.
• [8]. Arunachalam M., Madhusoodanan Nair K. C., Vijverberg J., Kortmulder K. 1997c - Food and habitat partitioning among fishes in stream pools of South Indian River - Int. J. Ecol. Envir. Sci. 23: 271-295.
• [9]. Bain M. B., Finn J. T., Booke H. E. 1988 - Stream flow regulation and fish community structure -Ecology, 69 (2): 382-392.
• [10]. B aker J. A., Ross S. T. 1981 - Spatial and temporal resource utilization by the south eastern cyprinids - Copeia, pp. 178-189.
• [11]. Bart H. L. Jr. 1989 - Fish habitat association in a Ozark stream - Environmental Biology of Fishes, 24: 173-186.
• [12]. Braaten P. J., Berry C. R. (Jr.) 1997 - Fish association with four habitat types in a south Dakota Pra-ire stream - J. Freshwater Ecol. 12 (3): 477-489.
• [13]. Datta Munshi J. S., Srivastava M. P. 1988 - Natural history of fishes and systematics of freshwater fishes in India - Narendra Publishing Co., Delhi, India. 421 pp.
• [14]. Day F. 1878 - The Fishes of India: being a natural history of the fishes known to Inhabit the seas and fresh waters of India, Burma and Ceylon. Text and Atlas (Fourth Indian Reprint 1994) - Jagman-der Book Agency (Formerly Today and Tomorrows Book Agency), New Delhi. Text 778 pp., Atlas 204 pp.
• [15]. Edds D. R. 1993 - Fish assemblage structure and environmental correlates in Nepal's Gandaki river -Copeia, pp. 48-60.
• [16]. Finger T. R. 1982 - Fish community - habitat reactions in a central New York stream - J. Freshwat. Ecol. 1: 343-352.
• [17]. Galacatoes K., Stewart D. J., Ibarra M. 1996 -Fish community patterns of lagoons and associa-ted tributaries in the Ecuadorian Amazon - Cope-ia, pp. 875-894.
• [18]. Gorman O. T 1988a - An experimental study of ha-bitat uses in an assemblage of Ozark-minnows -Ecology, 69: 1239-1250.
• [19]. Gorman O. T. 1988b - The dynamics of habitat use in a guild of Ozark minnows - Ecol. Monogr. 58: 1-18.
• [20]. Gorman O. T., Karr J. R. 1978 - Habitat structure and stream fish communities - Ecology, 59: 507-515.
• [21]. Hamilton K., Bergersen E. P. 1984 - Methods to estimate aquatic habitat variables - Colorado cooperative fishery research unit 201 Wagar, Colora-do State University Fort Collins, CO 80523. Pagevar.
• [22]. Harrell H. L. 1978 - Response of the Devils river (Texas) fish community to flooding - Copeia, pp. 60-68.
• [23]. Harvey B. C., Stewart A. J. 1991 - Fish size and habitat depth relationship in headwater streams - Oceologia, 87: 336-42.
• [24]. Horwitz R. J. 1978 - Temporal variability patterns and the distributional patterns of stream fishes - Ecological Monographs, 48: 307-321.
• [25]. Jayaram K. C. 1999 - The Freshwater Fishes of the Indian Region - Narendra Publishing House, Delhi, India. 551 pp.
• [26]. Johal M. S., Tandon K. K. 1979 - Monograph on the fishes of Reorganized Punjab Part I - Pb. Fish. Bull. 3(2): 1-44.
• [27]. Johal M. S., Tandon K. K. 1980 - Monograph on the fishes of the Reorganised Punjab Part II - Pb. Fish. Bull. 4 (1): 39-70.
• [28]. Kortmulder K., Padmanahans K. C., deSilva S. S. 1990 - Patterns of distribution and endemism in some cyprinid fishes as determined by the geomorphology of the south west Sri Lanka and South Kerala - lchthyol. Explor. Freshwat.1: 97-112
• [29]. McClendon D. D., Rabeni C. F. 1987 - Physical and biological variables useful for predicting po-pulation characteristics of the smali mouth bass and rock bass in an Ozark stream - North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 7: 46-56.
• [30]. Moyle P. B., B altz D. M. 1985 - Microhabitat use by an assemblage of California stream fishes: developing criteria for instream flow determinations - Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 114:695-704.
• [31]. Moyle P. B., Li H. W. 1979 - Community ecology and predator-prey relations in warm water streams. (In: Predator-prey systems in fisheries management Eds. R. H. Shroud, H. Clepper) - Sport Fishing Institute, Washington, D.C., U.S.A., pp. 171-180.
• [32]. Moyle P. B., Senanayake F. R. 1984 - Resource partitioning among the fishes of rainforest streams in Sri Lanka -J. Zool. Soc. Lond. 202: 195-224.
• [33]. Moyle P. B., Vondracek B. 1985 - Persistence and structure of the fish assemblage in a smali California stream - Ecology, 65: 1-13.
• [34]. Neel J. K. 1951 -Inter-relations of certain physical & chemical features in a headwater limestone stream - Ecology, 32: 368-391.
• [35]. Paller M. C. 1994 - Relationships between fish assemblage structure and stream order in South Carolina coastal plain streams - Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 123: 150-161.
• [36]. Poff N. L., Al I an J. D. 1995 - Functional organization of stream fish assemblages in relation to hydrological variability - Ecology, 76: 606-627.
• [37]. Power M. E., Matthews W. J. 1983 - Algae grazing minnows (Campostoma anomalum), piscivorous bars (Micropterus spp.) and the distribution of at-tached algae in a smali prairie-margin stream - Oecologia (Berlin), 60: 328-332.
• [38]. Power M. E., Matthews W. J., Stewart A. J. 1985 - Grazing minnows, piscivorous bars and stream algae: dynamics of a strong interaction - Ecology, 66: 1448-1456.
• [39]. Probst W. E., Rabeni C. F., Covington W. G., Marteney R. F. 1984 - Resource use by stream dwelling rock bass and the smali mouth bass -Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 113: 283-294.
• [40]. Rosgen D. 1996 - Applied River Morphology - Wildland Hydrology, Colorado, U.S.A. (Reprint edition).
• [41]. Schlosser I. J. 1982a - Fish community structure and function along two habitat gradients in a headwater stream - Ecological Monographs, 52: 395-414.
• [42]. Schlosser I. J. 1982b - Trophic structure, reproduc-tive success and growth rate of fishes in a natura] and modified headwater stream - Canadian Jour-nal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 39: 968-978.
• [43]. Schlosser I. J. 1987a - The role of predation in age-and size-related habitat use by stream fishes -Ecology, 66: 651-659.
• [44]. Schlosser I. J. 1987b - A conceptual framework for fish communities in smali warm water streams (In Community and Evolutionary Ecology of North American Stream Fishes, Eds W. J. Matthews, D. C. Heins) - University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, pp. 17-24.
• [45]. Schoener T. W. 1974 - Resource partition in ecolo-gical communities - Science, 185: 27-39.
• [46]. Sehgal K. L. 1990 - Ecology, abundance and distribution of fish life in the north Western Himalayan streams (In Recent trends in Limnology, Eds. V. P. Agarwal, P. Das) - Society of Biosciences, Mu-zaffarnagar, India, pp. 287-299.
• [47]. Sehgal K. L. 1999 - Cold water fish and fisheries in the Indian Himalayas: Rivers and Streams - FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 385. Rome. pp. 41-63.
• [48]. Shannon C. E., Weaver W. 1949 - The Mathematical Theory of Communication - Urbana III, University of Illinois Press.
• [49]. Talwar P. K., Jhingran A. G. 1991 - Inland Fishes of India and adjacent countries - Vol.l & 2. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pyt. Ltd., New Delhi. 1158 pp.
• [50]. Tilak R., Husain A. 1977 - A checklist of the Fishes of Himachal Pradesh - Zool. Jb. Syst. Bd. 104, S. 265-301.
• [51]. Vadas R. L. Jr. 1992 - Seasonal habitat use, species associations and assemblage structure of the forage fishes in goose creek, Northern Virginia. II. Mesohabitat patterns - Journal of Freshwater Ecology, 7: 149-164.
• [52]. Wikramanayake E. D., Moyle P. B. 1989 - Ecological structure of tropical fish assemblages in wet zone streams of Sri Lanka - J. Zool. Soc. Lond. 218: 503-526.