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While attempting to date material from the vitrified ramparts of various hill-forts in central and western Europe by thermoluminescence (TL) methods, obviously erroneous results appeared. Searching for possible reasons, an investigation into the upper temperature limit of TL-dating was started. It is well known that insufficient heating causes far too old erroneous TL-ages. Less well known and yet unexplored is the temperature region where vitrification commences. From a hill-fort near Uppsala, samples were taken along a trench through the vitrified rampart. Firing temperatures were determined for each sample by petrographic methods within š50°C, and TL-measurements were carried out. The results show that the ages determined become successively younger with increasing firing temperatures, for samples heated to temperatures exceeding 900°C. The younger the apparent age, the higher the glass content of the sample. Although most of our data are from vitrified ramparts – somewhat exotic to the majority of archaeologists – our findings apply to all strongly heated materials. Examples are archaeometallurgic remains (slags, furnaces, hearths), tempered ceramics (stoneware, porcelain), or molten bricks. The paper also presents clearly erroneous TLdates for several of these materials, along with an explanation of the phenomenon.
Wydawca
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
9--14
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 24 poz., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
- Geoarchaeological Laboratory, Portalgatan 2A, SE-754 23 Uppsala, Sweden
autor
- Rathgen-Forschungslabor, Schloßstraße 1A, D-14059 Berlin, Germany
autor
- Rathgen-Forschungslabor, Schloßstraße 1A, D-14059 Berlin, Germany
Bibliografia
- 1. Chen Tiemei, Li Yanxiang and Bao Wenbo, 1998a: Dating of the copper-smelting remains found at Niuheliang site. Proceedings, The Fourth International Conference on the Beginning of the Use on Metals and Alloys (BUMA-IV): 231-232.
- 2. Chen Tiemei, Li Yanxiang, Tsumo Saito and Minoru Sakamoto, 1998b: Preliminary study on thermoluminescence dating of burnt clay in crucible and furnace body of ancient metyallurgy. Proceedings, The Fourth International Conference on the Beginning of the Use on Metals and Alloys (BUMA-IV): 235-236.
- 3. Cunliffe B.W., 1974: Iron age communities in Britain: an account of England, Scotland and Wales from the Seventh century BC until the Roman conquest. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London. 389 p.
- 4. Damell D. and Kresten P., 1994: Swedish vitrified hill-forts, with special reference to Kollerborg (Närke). Proceedings Nordic Archaeometry Conference Esbjerg 1993: 67-76.
- 5. Engström J., 1984: Torsburgen. Tolkning av en gotländsk fornborg. Aun 6 (Ph.D. Thesis, University of Uppsala): 1-154.
- 6. Hjärthner-Holdar E. and Kresten P., 1996: Thermometry of firecracked and molten material. In: Proceedings from the 6th Nordic Conference on the Application of Scientific Methods in Archaeology, Esbjerg 1993. Arkaeologiske Rapporter nr. 1, Esbjerg Museum.: 57-65. 13 P.
- 7. Kresten et al. Kresten P., 2000: Geothermometry of archaeologic materials. Final report of the research project ”Geothermometry”. Activity Report 1998. Geoarchaeological Laboratory, Uppsala: 35-41.
- 8. Kresten P. and Ambrosiani B., 1992: Swedish vitrified forts - A reconnaissance study. Fornvännen 87: 1-17.
- 9. Kresten P. and Goedicke Chr., 1996: TL-dating of vitrified ramparts. In: Proceedings 7th Nordic Archaeometry Conference, Savonlinna 1996. ISKOS 11: 99-106
- 10. Kresten P., Kero L. and Chyssler J., 1993: Geology of the vitrified hill-fort Broborg in Uppland, Sweden. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar (GFF) 115: 13-24.
- 11. Kresten P., Larsson L. and Hjärthner-Holdar E., 1996: Thermometry of ancient iron slags from Sweden, and of vitrified material from various hill-forts in western Europe. Research Report R9601, Geoarchaeological Laboratory, UV Uppsala.
- 12. Longley D., 1982: The date of the Mote of Mark. Antiquity LVI: 132-134.
- 13. Lorin O., 1985: Ett fornborgsprojekt i Rekarnebygden. Riksantikvarieämbetet, Rapport RAÄ 1985:6: 1-56 + XIX.
- 14. MacKie E.W., 1969: Radiocarbon dates and the Scottish Iron Age. Antiquity 43: 15-26.
- 15. Mejdahl V., 1983: Feldspar inclusion dating of ceramics and burnt stones. PACT Journal 9, II: 351-364.
- 16. Mejdahl V., 1986: A survey of archaeological samples dated in 1985. Risö Report M-2614: 40 p.
- 17. Mejdahl V., 1989: A survey of archaeological samples dated in 1988. Risö Report M-2807: 25 p.
- 18. Moosauer M. and Bachmaier T., 2000: Bernstorf. Die versunkene Stadt aus der Bronzezeit. Theiss, Stuttgart.
- 19. Müller P. and Schvoerer M. 1990: Les verres anciens: la question de la databilité par thermoluminescence. Archaeometry 32: 205-210.
- 20. Nicolardot J.-P., Jaubert A.N. and Wimmers W.H., (undated): Quelques nouvelles données des fuoilles au Camp de Peran. Association des Amis du Camp de Péran, Pledran: 23 pp.
- 21. Sanderson D.C.W., Placido F. and Tate J.O., 1988: Scottish vitrified forts: TL results from six study sites. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements 14: 307-316.
- 22. Strickertsson K., Placido F. and Tate J.O., 1989a: Thermoluminescence dating of Scottish vitrified forts. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements 14: 317-320.
- 23. Strickertsson K., Sanderson D.C.W., Placido F. and Tate J.O., 1989b: Thermoluminescence dating of Scottish vitrified forts. New results and a review. In: Slater and Tate, eds., Science and Archaeology, Glasgow 1987. British Archaeological Reports, British Series 196 (i-ii): 625-633.
- 24. Zimmerman D. W., 1971: Thermoluminescent dating using fine grains from pottery. Archaeometry 13: 29-52.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BAT3-0007-0002