Recreational and drinking waters as a source of norovirus gastroenteritis outbreaks: a review and update

• Autorzy: La Rosa G. , Pourshaban M. , Iaconelli M. , Muscillo M.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The distribution of noroviruses is worldwide. In industrialized countries, noroviruses are the most common viral cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks and play an important role in sporadic gastroenteritis as well. Transmission may occur through the ingestion of contaminated foods or water, through person-to-person contact, or by way of direct contact with contaminated surfaces. Of particular importance is their ability to cause waterborne outbreaks linked either to the direct consumption of water or to its recreational uses. This article reviews the clinical manifestations and epidemiology of norovirus infection, and describes over 40 waterborne norovirus outbreaks, their respective probable sources of contamination and - where water samples were tested - the genetic types identified.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

drinking water; molecular detection; norovirus; outbreak; recreational water

PL

woda pitna; detekcja molekularna; norowirus; wybuch; woda rekreacyjna

• Wydawca: University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
• Czasopismo: Environmental Biotechnology
• Rocznik: 2008
• Tom: Vol. 4, No. 1
• Strony: 15--24
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 125 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

La Rosa G.

autor

Pourshaban M.

autor

Iaconelli M.

autor

Muscillo M.

• Istituto Superiore di Sanitá, Environmental and Primary Prevention Department, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy, Phone: [phone]; Fax: [phone],

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