Wykorzystanie dyfraktometrii rentgenowskiej do badania morfologii polimerów stosowanych do produkcji geosyntetyków

• Autorzy: Bączek Marcin , Ślusarczyk Czesław

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.53052/pjmee.2022.3.02

Warianty tytułu

EN

The use of X-ray diffraction for research the morphology of polymers used in the production of geosynthetics

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

X-ray methods are very useful tools for the structural characterization of polymer systems. Considering the angular range in which X-ray scattering is registered, one can distinguish wide-angle (WAXS) and small-angle (SAXS) X-ray scattering techniques. WAXS method is most frequently used to characterize crystalline regions in semicrystalline polymers. By means of these method one can estimate the weight fraction of the crystalline regions (i.e. the degree of crystallinity), the mean sizes of crystallites and the orientation of crystallographic planes towards the chosen direction. WAXS can also be used to determination of polymorphism in polymers. Application of SAXS method to the investigation of two-phase polymer systems yields information about the long period of the lamellar structure, the thickness of crystalline regions in lamellar stacks and the thickness of the transition layer between crystalline and amorphous regions. For amorphous two-phase polymers SAXS permits determination of the correlation lenght which is connected with mean sizes one of the phase. In the case of fractal systems SAXS is used to estimate the fractal dimension. This paper will briefly discuss individual X-ray methods and present specific examples of their applications in the evaluation of the supermolecular structure of several selected types of fibers made of polymers used for the production of geosynthetics, i.e. polyester (PES) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN).

Słowa kluczowe

PL

WAXS; SAXS; stopień krystaliczności; układ lamelarny; polimery

EN

WAXS; SAXS; degree of crystallinity; lamellar structure system; polymers

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Bielsko-Bialskiego
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Materials and Environmental Engineering
• Rocznik: 2022
• Tom: Vol. 3 (23)
• Strony: 10--20
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 25 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Bączek Marcin

• University of Bielsko-Biala, Department of Materials Engineering, Willowa 2, 43-309 Bielsko-Biała, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6079-2973

autor

Ślusarczyk Czesław

• University of Bielsko-Biala, Department of Materials Engineering, Willowa 2, 43-309 Bielsko-Biała, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3897-7944

Bibliografia

• 1. Alexander L.E. 1969. X-ray Diffraction Methods in Polymer Science. Wiley, New York.
• 2. Balta Calleja F.J., Vonk C.G. 1989. X-ray Scattering of Polymers. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
• 3. Bączek M. 2009. Nanostruktura i wybrane własności włókien formowanych z polimerowych kompozytów molekularnych. Rozprawa doktorska. Akademia Techniczno-Humanistyczna w Bielsku-Białej, Wydział Nauk o Materiałach i Środowisku, Bielsko-Biała (maszynopis).
• 4. Bojarski Z., Łągiewka E. 1995. Rentgenowska analiza strukturalna. Uniwersytet Śląski, Katowice.
• 5. Broda J., Fabia J., Bączek M., Ślusarczyk Cz. 2020. Supramolecular structure of polypropylene fibers extruded with addition of functionalized reduced graphene oxide. Polymers, 12, 910–931.
• 6. Broda J., Ślusarczyk Cz., Włochowicz A. 1999. Influence of heat-stabilization on supermolecular structure of colored PP fibers. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 73, 477–488.
• 7. Czarnecka K. 2016. Geosyntetyki – przegląd materiałów wzmacniających podłoże o słabych parametrach geotechnicznych. Archiwum Instytutu Inżynierii Lądowej, 22, 93–104 (Wyd. Politechniki Poznańskiej).
• 8. Debye P., Anderson H.R., Brumberger H.J. 1957. Scattering by an inhomogeneous solid. II. The correlation function and its application. Journal of Applied Physics, 28, 679–683.
• 9. Glatter O., Kratky O. 1982. Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering. Academic Press, New York.
• 10. Heck B., Hugel T., Iijima M., Sadiku E., Strobl G. 1999. Steps in the transition of an entangled polymer melt to the partially crystalline state. New Journal of Physics, 1(1):17.
• 11. Hindeleh A.M., Johnson D.J. 1971. The resolution of multipeak data in fibre science. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 4, 259–263.
• 12. Rabiej S. 1993. Determination of the crystallinity of polymer blends by an X-ray diffraction method. European Polymer Journal, 29, 625–633.
• 13. Rabiej M. 2013. Application of the immune and genetic algorithms to the identification of a polymer based on its X-ray diffraction curve. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 46, 1136–1144.
• 14. Rabiej M., Rabiej S. 2006. Analiza rentgenowskich krzywych dyfrakcyjnych polimerów za pomocą programu komputerowego WAXSFIT. Wydawnictwo Akademii Techniczno-Humanistycznej w Bielsku-Białej, Bielsko-Biała.
• 15. Rabiej S., Włochowicz A. 1992. Investigations of the crystallinity of polyamide-6 fibers by two X-ray diffractions methods. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 46, 7, 1205–1214.
• 16. Ruland W. 1971. Small-angle scattering of two-phase systems: determination and significance of systematic deviations from Porod's law. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 4, 70–73.
• 17. Schawe J.E.K. 2014. Influence of processing conditions on polymer crystallization measured by fast scanning DSC. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 116, 1165–1173.
• 18. Schmidt P.W. 1991. Small-angle scattering studies of disordered, porous and fractal systems. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 24, 414–435.
• 19. Strobl G. 2000. From the melt via mesomorphic and granular crystalline layers to lamellar crystallites: A major route followed in polymer crystallization? The European Physical Journal E, 3, 165–183.
• 20. Strobl G., Schneider M. 1980. Direct evaluation oft the electron density correlation function of partially crystalline polymers. Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition, 18, 1343–1359.
• 21. Ślusarczyk Cz. 2004. Time-resolved SAXS investigations of morphological changes in a blend of linear and branched polyethylenes during crystallization and subsequent melting. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 382, 68–74.
• 22. Ślusarczyk Cz. 2013. Structure development during isothermal crystallization of high-density polyethylene: Synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering study. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 93, 104–110.
• 23. Urbańczyk G. 1986. Ocena orientacji agregatów krystalicznych we włóknie. [W:] Mikrostruktura włókna: badanie orientacji wewnętrznej, WNT, Warszawa, 145–214.
• 24. Vonk C.G., Kortleve G. 1967. X-ray small-angle scattering of bulk polyetylene. Kolloid-Zeitschrift und Zaitschrift für Polymere, 220, 19–24.
• 25. Włochowicz A., Ślusarczyk Cz. 1997. The fractal structure of polymer particles. Polimery, 42, 664–668.

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2023).