Cold forming of steel - selected processes, issues, and CAx

Horajski, Piotr

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Tytuł artykułu

Cold forming of steel - selected processes, issues, and CAx

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Horajski Piotr

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Warianty tytułu

Obróbka plastyczna stali na zimno - wybrane procesy, problematyka, CAx

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Abstrakty

This paper presents an analysis of the key challenges and irregularities associated with metal plastic deformation processes, with particular emphasis on phenomena such as springback, wrinkling, folding, cracking, microcracking, and burr formation. These undesirable effects can negatively impact the quality of final products and their mechanical properties, as well as the durability of tools used in processes such as bending, stamping, spinning, and cutting. The paper discusses the mechanisms leading to the formation of these defects, highlighting the role of process conditions, such as stress, processing speed, and tool geometry, which can cause technological issues. It also emphasizes the significance of tool wear, particularly in cutting processes, where abrasive, adhesive, and fatigue wear can lead to burr formation and deterioration in the quality of cut components. The study further explores methods to minimize these defects through process parameter optimization and proper tool design. Special attention is given to the use of numerical tools, such as the finite element method (FEM), which enables precise modeling of stress and strain distributions and the prediction of potential defect locations. Advanced simulations allow for improved prediction of issues like cracking, wrinkling, and springback, which ultimately enhances the quality of deformation processes and final products. The paper also highlights the need for further research in plastic deformation and the development of numerical models, particularly in the context of accounting for microstructural changes and residual stresses in materials.

Niniejsza praca przedstawia analizę kluczowych wyzwań i nieprawidłowości związanych z procesami deformacji plastycznej metali, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem takich zjawisk jak powrót sprężysty, marszczenie, fałdowanie, pękanie, mikropęknięcia oraz powstawanie gratu. Te niepożądane efekty mogą negatywnie wpływać na jakość finalnych produktów oraz ich właściwości mechaniczne, a także na trwałość narzędzi wykorzystywanych w procesach, takich jak gięcie, tłoczenie, wyoblanie czy cięcie. W pracy omówiono mechanizmy prowadzące do powstawania tych wad, zwracając uwagę na rolę warunków realizacji procesu i zjawisk fizycznych, takich jak naprężenia, prędkość obróbki oraz geometrię narzędzi, które mogą prowadzić do problemów technologicznych. Podkreślono również znaczenie zużycia narzędzi, w szczególności w kontekście procesów cięcia, gdzie zużycie cierne, adhezyjne oraz zmęczeniowe może prowadzić do powstawania gratu oraz pogorszenia jakości ciętych elementów. Analizowano także metody minimalizowania wspomnianych wad poprzez optymalizację parametrów procesowych i odpowiednie projektowanie narzędzi. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono wykorzystaniu narzędzi numerycznych, takich jak metoda elementów skończonych (MES), która pozwala na precyzyjne modelowanie rozkładów naprężeń, odkształceń oraz przewidywanie miejsc potencjalnych wad. Dzięki zaawansowanym symulacjom możliwe jest lepsze przewidywanie zjawisk takich jak pękanie, fałdowanie czy powrót sprężysty, co pozwala na poprawę jakości procesów deformacyjnych i produktów końcowych. Wskazano również na potrzebę dalszych badań w zakresie obróbki plastycznej oraz rozwoju modeli numerycznych, szczególnie w kontekście uwzględniania zmian mikrostrukturalnych i naprężeń resztkowych w materiałach.

Słowa kluczowe

plastic forming numerical analysis FEM spinning bending cutting drawing

obróbka plastyczna analiza numeryczna MES wyoblanie gięcie cięcie tłoczenie

Wydawca

STE GROUP

Czasopismo

Systemy Wspomagania w Inżynierii Produkcji

Rocznik

2024

Tom

Vol. 13, iss. 1

Strony

41--54

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 53 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Horajski Piotr

piotr.horajski@s.tu.koszalin.pl

Doctoral School Koszalin University of Technology ul. Śniadeckich 2, 75-453 Koszalin, Poland

Bibliografia

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