Non-destructive testing and analysis of a XIX-century brick masonry building

• Autorzy: Hoła A. , Sadowski Ł. , Szymanowski J.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.24425/ace.2020.135217

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The article presents the results of non-destructive testing and analyses carried out for a brick masonry building from the 19th century, which has many irregularities that involve a lack of inspections and tests of its technical condition for many years, as well as a failure to carry out necessary repairs. The conducted organoleptic tests enabled the most significant building damage to be indicated, and its causes were determined on the basis of the results of non-destructive tests and analyses. These causes include mainly wall cracks, ceiling deflections and excessive dampness. It also contains the relationships, which were developed using non-destructive dielectric and resistive methods when testing the moisture content of the brick walls. These results may be useful for other researchers dealing with brick masonry buildings from a similar period of time. The authors' intention was to present the existing poor technical condition of the brick masonry building and indicate its causes, as well as to present that a lack of appropriate maintenance can lead to a situation in which the life or health of residents is threatened.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

brick masonry; masonry building; 19th century; wall crack; ceiling deflection; excessive dampness; nondestructive testing

PL

mur ceglany; budynek murowany; XIX w.; pęknięcie ściany; ugięcie sufitu; wilgoć nadmierna; badanie nieniszczące

• Wydawca: Komitet Inżynierii Lądowej i Wodnej PAN ; Politechnika Warszawska, Wydział Inżynierii Lądowej
• Czasopismo: Archives of Civil Engineering
• Rocznik: 2020
• Tom: Vol. 66, nr 4
• Strony: 201--219
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 48 poz., il., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Hoła A.

• Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Department of Building Engineering, Wrocław, Poland

autor

Sadowski Ł.

• Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Department of Building Engineering, Wrocław, Poland

autor

Szymanowski J.

• Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Department of Building Engineering, Wrocław, Poland

Bibliografia

• 1. Klõšeiko, Paul, Agasild, T.; and Kalamees, T. Deterioration of building envelope of wooden apartment buildings built before 1940 based on external survey. Proceedings of 9th Nordic Symposium on Building Physics-NSB 2011. Vol. 2, 917-924.
• 2. Nowogońska, B. (2019). Diagnoses in the Aging Process of Residential Buildings Constructed Using Traditional Technology. Buildings, 9(5), 126.
• 3. Balaras, C.A.; Droutsa, K.; Dascalaki, E.; Kontoyiannidis, S. Deterioration of European apartment buildings. Energy and Buildings, 2005, 37, 515-527.
• 4. Rozporządzenie Ministra Spraw Wewnętrznych i Administracji z dnia 16 sierpnia 1999 r. w sprawie warunków technicznych użytkowania budynków mieszkalnych (Dz. U. z 1999 r. Nr 74 poz. 836).
• 5. Regulation (EU) No 305/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2011 laying down harmonised conditions for the marketing of construction products and repealing Council Directive 89/106/EEC Text with EEA relevance
• 6. Gorzelańczyk, T., & Hoła, J. (2015). Stress failure of cement concretes under compression–synthesis of knowledge, conclusions. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 21(1), 1-10.
• 7. Glavaš, H., Hadzima-Nyarko, M., Buljan, I. H., & Barić, T. (2019). Locating Hidden Elements in Walls of Cultural Heritage Buildings by Using Infrared Thermography. Buildings, 9(2), 32.
• 8. Syczewski, M. Eksploatacyjne problemy techniczne w starych budynkach wielorodzinnych po modernizacji dachów. Budownictwo i Inżynieria Środowiska, 2011, 2(4), 677-680.
• 9. Hoła, J., & Runkiewicz, L. (2018). Methods and diagnostic techniques used to analyse the technical state of reinforced concrete structures. Structure and Environment, 2018, 10 (4), 309-337.
• 10. Knyziak, P. (2016). The quality and reliability in the structural design, production, execution and maintenance of the precast residential buildings in Poland in the past and now. In Key Engineering Materials (Vol. 691, pp. 420-431). Trans Tech Publications.
• 11. Jaskowska-Lemańska, J., Wałach, D., & Sagan, J. (2016). Technical condition assessment of historical buildings-flowchart development. Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich, 2016, 4 (4), 1755-1769.
• 12. Knyziak, P., Krentowski, J. R., & Bieranowski, P. (2017). Risks of the Durability of Large-Panel Buildings Elevations in Reference to the Conclusions from Technical Conditions Audits. In MATEC Web of Conferences (Vol. 117, p. 00080). EDP Sciences.
• 13. Concu, G., Trulli, N. & Valdés, M. (2018). Knowledge Acquisition of Existing Buildings by Means of Diagnostic Surveying. Case Studies. International Journal of Structural Glass and Advanced Materials Research, 2(1), 22-29
• 14. Noor-E-Khuda, Sarkar; & Albermani, Faris. (2019) Mechanical properties of clay masonry units: destructive and ultrasonic testing. Construction and Building Materials, 219, 111-120.
• 15. Noor-E-Khuda, Sarkar; Albermani, Faris; & Veidt, Martin. (2017) Flexural strength of weathered granites: influence of freeze and thaw cycles, Construction and Building Materials, 156, 891-901
• 16. Cardani, G., Cantini, L., Munda, S., Zanzi, L., & Binda, L. (2013). Non invasive measurements of moisture in full-scale stone and brick masonry models after simulated flooding: effectiveness of GPR. In Nondestructive Testing of Materials and Structures (pp. 1143-1149). Springer, Dordrecht
• 17. Binda, L., Cardani, G., & Zanzi, L. (2010). Nondestructive testing evaluation of drying process in flooded full-scale masonry walls. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 24(5), 473-483
• 18. Robert Wójcik & Piotr Kosiński (2019) Thermal and mycological nondestructive active protection of baroque buildings, Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 25:9, 1244-1252, DOI: 10.1080/23744731.2019.1629240.
• 19. Nowogońska, B. Diagnoza w procesie starzenia budynków mieszkalnych wykonanych w technologii tradycyjnej. Warszawa: Komitet Inżynierii Lądowej i Wodnej PAN, 2017
• 20. Rodrigues, F., Matos, R., Di Prizio, M., & Costa, A. (2018). Conservation level of residential buildings: Methodology evolution. Construction and Building Materials, 172, 781-786.
• 21. Sobotka, A., & Radziejowska, A. (2019). Risk analysis in the realization of buildings in revitalized areas. Archives of Civil Engineering, 65(3).
• 22. Nowogońska, B. (2016). Proposal for determing the scale of renovation needs of residential buildings. Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports, 22(3), 137-144.
• 23. Domański, T., & Matysek, P. (2018). The reliability of masonry structures-evaluation methods for historical buildings. Czasopismo Techniczne, 2018 (Volume 9), 91108.
• 24. Lujanen, M. Legal challenges in ensuring regular maintenance and repairs of owner-occupied apartment blocks. International Journal of Law in the Built Environment, 2010, 2(2), 178-197.
• 25. Ustawa z dnia 7 lipca 1994 r. Prawo budowlane (tekst jednolity z 2006 r. Dz. U. Nr 156 poz. 1118 z późn. zm.).
• 26. Hoła, A. Measuring of the moisture content in brick walls of historical buildings the overview of methods, 3rd International Conference on Innovative Materials, Structures and Technologies (IMST 2017) [Dokument elektroniczny]: 27-29 September 2017, Riga, Latvia. [Bristol]: IOP Publishing
• 27. Goetzke-Pala, A.; Hoła, J. Influence of burnt clay brick salinity on moisture content evaluated by non-destructive electric methods. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 2016, 6(1), 101-111.
• 28. Hoła, J. Degradacja budynków zabytkowych wskutek nadmiernego zawilgocenia - wybrane problemy. Budownictwo i Architektura, 2018, 17(1), 133-48.
• 29. Adamowski, J.; Hoła, J.; Matkowski, Z. Probleme und Lösungen beim Feuchtigkeitsschutz des Mauerwerks von Baudenkmälern am Beispiel zweier grosser Barockbauten in Wrocław, Bautechnik, 2005, 82(7), 426-433.
• 30. Rokiel M. Hydroizolacje w budownictwie. Wybrane zagadnienia w praktyce, wyd. II rozszerzone; Dom Wydawniczy MEDIUM, Warszawa, 2009.
• 31. CSN P 73 0610. Waterproofing of buildings - The rehabilitation of damp masonry and additional protection of buildings against ground moisture and against atmospheric water - The basic provision (2000).
• 32. WTA 2-6-99-D. Erganzungen zum WTA-Merkblatt 2-2-91-D. Sanierputzsysteme (1991).
• 33. Hoła J.; Matkowski Z. Ocena skuteczności przeciwwilgociowych izolacji wtórnych na przykładzie trzech zabytkowych obiektów we Wrocławiu. In Trwałość i skuteczność napraw obiektów budowlanych, red. Kamiński M. i in.; Dolnośląskie Wydawnictwo Edukacyjne, Wrocław, 2007, s. 129-138
• 34. EN 1991-1-1:2004 - Actions on structures
• 35. PN-82 B-02001 - Permanent loads (in polish)
• 36. EN 1990: Basis of structural design
• 37. EN 1995-1-1: Design of timber structures
• 38. EN 1993-1-1: Design of steel structures
• 39. Vasconcelos, G., & Lourenço, P. B. (2009). In-plane experimental behavior of stone masonry walls under cyclic loading. Journal of structural engineering, 135(10), 1269-1277.
• 40. Lourenço, P. B., Oliveira, D. V., Roca, P., & Orduña, A. (2005). Dry joint stone masonry walls subjected to inplane combined loading. Journal of Structural Engineering, 131(11), 1665-1673.
• 41. Dhanasekar, M., Thamboo, J. A., & Nazir, S. (2017). On the in-plane shear response of the high bond strength concrete masonry walls. Materials and Structures, 50(5), 214
• 42. Noor-E-Khuda, Sarkar; Dhanasekar, Manicka; & Thambiratnam, David P. (2016) Out-of-plane deformation and failure of masonry walls with various forms of reinforcement. Composite Structures, 140, pp. 262 - 277.
• 43. Noor-E-Khuda, S., & Dhanasekar, M. (2020). On the out-of-plane flexural design of reinforced masonry walls. Journal of Building Engineering, 27, 100945.
• 44. Noor-E-Khuda, S., Dhanasekar, M., & Thambiratnam, D. P. (2016). An explicit finite element modelling method for masonry walls under out-of-plane loading. Engineering Structures, 113, 103-120
• 45. Noor-E-Khuda, Sarkar; & Dhanasekar, Manicka. (2018) Three sides supported unreinforced masonry walls under multidirectional loading. Construction and Building Materials, 188, 1207-1220.
• 46. Najafgholipour, M. A., Maheri, M. R., & Lourenço, P. B. (2013). Capacity interaction in brick masonry under simultaneous in-plane and out-of-plane loads. Construction and building materials, 38, 619-626.
• 47. Noor-E-Khuda, S., & Dhanasekar, M. (2017). Masonry walls under combined in-plane and out-of-plane loadings. Journal of Structural Engineering, 144(2), 04017186
• 48. EN 16883 Conservation of cultural heritage - Guidelines for improving the energy performance of historic buildings.