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Removal of suspended solids and microorganisms from an aerated lagoon effluent with a horizontal roughing filter (HRF) was investigated. The aerated lagoon receives Qom municipal wastewater. The HRF was operated at three filtration rates of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m3/(m2·h) during four month operation period. The measured values of turbidity, TSS, COD, pH, temperature and flow rate of HRF at the former filtration rate were 79±12 NTU, 100±11 mg/dm3, 190±12 mg/dm3, 7±0.1 °C, 17±8 °C and 0.82 dm3/min, respectively. The differences between inlet and outlet values of pH and temperature were not significant (P > 0.05). Measures turbidity, TSS and COD in HRF final effluent were 15±13.7 NTU, 37±295 mg/dm3, 64±39.7 mg/dm3, respectively, which corresponds to 81.1%, 63% and 66.3% removal efficiencies, respectively. A decrease of removal efficiency was observed upon increasing filtration rates. The Spearman correlation coefficients between the head-loss and removal efficiencies ranged from 0.578 to 0.968 pointing to a direct relationship. Results of modeling approach revealed appropriate compliance between the values of the observed and predicted TSS for higher filtration rates.
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Tom
Strony
121--136
Opis fizyczny
Bibliograf. 25 poz., tab., rys.
Twórcy
autor
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
autor
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
autor
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
autor
- Research Center for Environmental Pollutants, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
autor
- Research Center for Environmental Pollutants, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
autor
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Esfahan University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran
Bibliografia
- [1] CRITES R., TECHNOBANOGLOUS G., Small and Decentralized Wastewater Management Systems, McGraw-Hill, New York 1998.
- [2] RICH L.G., Aerated Lagoon Technology, Clemson University, Clemson, USA, 2003. http://www.ces.clemson.edu.ees/rich/technotes
- [3] RICH L.G., High Performance Aerated Lagoon Systems, Clemson University, Clemson, USA, 1999. http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/364114.
- [4] WEGELIN M., Surface Water Treatment By Roughing Filters. Design, Construction and Operation Manual, SANDEC Report No. 02, Duebendorf, Switzerland, 1996.
- [5] GALVIS G., VISSCHER J.T., FERNANDEZ J., BERON F., Pre-treatment Alternatives for Drinking Water Supply Systems, IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre, Hague, The Netherlands, 1993.
- [6] COLLINS R., WESTERSUND C., COLE J., ROCCARO J., Evaluation of Roughing Filtration Design Variables, AWWARF and AWWA, Denver 1994.
- [7] PATIL V., KULKARNI G., KORE V., Performance of horizontal roughing filters for wastewater. A review, J. Environ. Sci., 2012, 1 (2), 53.
- [8] TORABIAN A., FAZELI M., A study on the efficiency of horizontal flow roughing filtration in organic materials removal from water using powdered activated carbon, Int. J. Environ. Stud., 2004, 61 (1), 59.
- [9] APHA, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th Ed., A. Greenburg, L. Clesceri, A. Eaton (Eds.), APHA-AWWA-WEF, Washington D.C., 1998.
- [10] WEGELIN M., Horizontal-Flow Roughing Filtration (HRF). Design, Construction and Operation Manual, IRCWD Report No. 06, Duebendorf, Switzerland, 1986.
- [11] AL-SAED R., ABU-MADI M., ZIMMO O., Novel design concept for facultative ponds using rock filters to reclaim the effluent, J. Environ. Eng., 2010, 137 (4), 284.
- [12] BARMAN R.N., MUKHOPADHYA B., ROY P.K., MAZUMDAR A., A study for estimating of bacteriological removal efficiency of HRF in combination with SSF, J. IPHE, 2008, 1, 10.
- [13] DASTANAIE A.J., BIDHENDI G.N., NASRABADI T., HABIBI R., HOVEIDI H., Use of horizontal flow roughing filtration in drinking water treatment, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2007, 4 (3), 379.
- [14] EL-TAWEEL G.E., ALI G.H., Evaluation of roughing and slow sand filters for water treatment, Water, Air, Soil Pollut., 2000, 120 (1–2), 21.
- [15] AHSAN T., Process Analysis and Optimization of Direct Horizontal-Flow Roughing Filtration, Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 1995.
- [16] NKWONTA O., A comparison of horizontal roughing filters and vertical roughing filters in wastewater treatment using gravel as a filter media, Int. J. Phys. Sci., 2010, 5 (8), 1240.
- [17] ROOKLIDGE S.J., KETCHUM L.H. Jr., BURNS P.C., Clay removal in basaltic and limestone horizontal roughing filters, Adv. Environ. Res., 2002, 7 (1), 231.
- [18] LEE S.H., JAYALATH J.C., Performance evaluation of horizontal flow roughing filter as a pretreatment system, KSCE J. Civil Eng., 1998, 2 (2), 187.
- [19] REED R., KAPRANIS Y., Roughing filtration with polystyrene beads, Water, Eng. Dev. Center, WEDC Conference, Islamabad 1998, 361.
- [20] OCHIENG G., OTIENO F., OGADA T., SHITOTE S., MENZWA D., Performance of multistage filtration using different filter media against conventional water treatment systems, Water SA, 2004, 30 (3), 361.
- [21] CLEARY S.A., Sustainable drinking water treatment for small communities using multistage slow sand filtration, Citeseer, Waterloo, Canada, 2005.
- [22] GALVIS G., LATORRE J., OCHOA A., VISSHER J., Comparison of Horizontal and Upflow Roughing Filtration; Advances in Slow Sand and Alternative Biological Filtration, Wiley, 1996.
- [23] OCHIENG G., OTIENO F., Verification of Wegelin’s design criteria for horizontal flow roughing filters (HRFs) with alternative filter material, Water SA, 2007, 32 (1), 105.
- [24] NKWONTA O., OCHIENG G., Roughing filter for water pre-treatment technology in developing countries. A review, Int. J. Phys. Sci., 2009, 4 (9), 455.
- [25] PACINI V.A., INGALLINELLA A.M., SANGUINETTI G., Removal of iron and manganese using biological roughing up flow filtration technology, Water Res., 2005, 39 (18), 4463.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
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