Chlorine and chlorine dioxide oxidation of natural organic matter in water treatment plants

• Autorzy: Özdemir Kadir

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.37190/epe200407

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) during chlorine (Cl₂) and chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) treatment was investigated. Water samples were collected from three drinking water sources, namely, Büyükçekmece Lake water (BLW) in Istanbul City, Kızılcapınar Lake water (KLW), and Ulutan Lake water (ULW) in Zonguldak City, Turkey. The results of the study show that Cl₂ treatment forms more THMs in all three water sources compared to ClO₂treatment. Further, due to the Cl₂treatment, the maximum THMs concentrations were observed in BLW (121.15 μg/dm³) samples, followed by KLW (97.26 μg/dm³) and ULW(88.52 μg/dm³) samples within the reaction time of 24 h for 5 mg/ dm³ of Cl₂dose. However, it was found that the concentrations of THMs formed at three water sources with applied ClO₂treatment under the same conditions were significantly reduced. As a result of the ClO₂treatment at the end of the reaction time of 24h, THMs concentrations formed in BLW, KLW, and ULW were recorded as 30.26, 16.53, and 17.71 μg/ dm³, respectively. On chlorination, chloroform (CFM) was found the dominant THM species in all water sources. All THM species contents ranged from 1.98 μg/dm³ to 11.23 μg/ dm³ and the highest level of dibromochloromethane (BDCFM) was observed as the major THM species among all species in BLW due to the ClO₂treatment. Also, the formation of inorganic DBPs such as chlorate (ClO₃^–) and chlorite ClO₂^–) was evaluated during Cl₂oxidation. The levels ClO₂^– formed due to the ClO₂ oxidation were higher than those of ClO₃^– levels for BLW, KLW, and ULW samples and varied from 19 to 55%, and from 37 to 60% of the applied ClO₂ doses (2–10 mg/ dm³), respectively. On the other hand, ClO₃^– levels varied between 5 and 9% and 2 and 6% of the applied ClO₂concentration for the KLW and ULW samples, respectively.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

chlorine; drinking water; trihalomethane

PL

chlor; woda pitna; trihalometan

• Wydawca: Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
• Czasopismo: Environment Protection Engineering
• Rocznik: 2020
• Tom: Vol. 46, nr 4
• Strony: 87--97
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 25 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Özdemir Kadir

• Department of Environmental Engineering, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey

Bibliografia

• [1] WANG J., HAO Z., SHI F., YIN Y., CAO D., YAO Z., LIU J., Characterization of brominated disinfection byproducts formed during the chlorination of aquaculture seawater, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2018, 52, 5662–5670.
• [2] MANASFI T., DE MEO M., COULOMB B., DI GIORGIO C., BOUDENNE J.L., Identification of disinfection by--products in freshwater and seawater swimming pools and evaluation of genotoxicity, Environ. Int., 2016, 88, 94–102.
• [3] UYAK V., SOYLU S., TOPAL T., KARAPINAR N., ÖZDEMİR K., ÖZAYDIN S., AVSAR E., Spatial and seasonal variations of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water distribution systems of Istanbul City, Turkey, Environ. Forensics., 2014, 15 (2), 190–205.
• [4] AVSAR E., TORÖZ I., Seasonal Determination and Investigation of Disinfection by Product Formation Potentials (DBPFPs) of Surface Waters, Istanbul Ömerli and Büyükçekmece Case Study, Anadolu University J. Sci. Technol. B Theor. Sci., 2018, 6 (1), 22–35.
• [5] AVSAR E., TORÖZ I., HANEDAR A., Seasonal determination and investigation of disinfection by product formation potentials (DBPFPs) of surface waters, Istanbul Ömerli and Büyükçe kmece case study, Fresen. Environ. Bull., 2015, 24 (9), 2763–2770.
• [6] KARAPINAR N., UYAK V., SOYLU S., VE TOPAL T., Seasonal variations of NOM composition and their reactivity in low humic water, Environ. Prog. Sustain., 2013, 33 (3), 962–971.
• [7] AVSAR E., KARADAĞ S.G., TORÖZ I., HANEDAR A., Chemical characterization of natural organic matter and determination of disinfection by product formation potentials in surface waters of Istanbul Ömerli and Büyükcekmece water dam Turkey, Fresen. Environ. Bull., 2013, 23 (2a), 494–501.
• [8] USEPA, National Primary Drinking Water Regulations. Stage 2. Disinfectants and Disinfection By--Products Rule (Final Rule), 2006.
• [9] TMH, Regulation concerning water intended for human consumption, Official News Paper 25730, Turkish Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey, 2005.
• [10] HAN J., ZHANG X., Evaluating the comparative toxicity of DBP mixtures from different disinfection scenarios. A new approach by combining freeze-drying or rotoevaporation with a marine polychaete bioassay, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2018, 52, 10552–10561.
• [11] GAN W., HUANG H., YANG X., PENG Z., CHEN G., Emerging investigators series. Disinfection by-productsin mixed chlorine dioxide and chlorine water treatment, Environ. Sci. Water Res. Technol., 2016, 2, 838–847.
• [12] YANG X., GUO W., LEE W., Formation of disinfection byproducts upon chlorine dioxide peroxidation followed by chlorination or chloramination of natural organic matter, Chemosphere, 2013, 91 (11), 1477–1485.
• [13] AVSAR E., KARADAĞ S.G., TORÖZ I., HANEDAR A., Investigation of the chlorine dioxide disinfection in terms of disinfection by product (DBP) formation of Ömerli raw water in İstanbul, Pamukkale University J. Eng. Sci., 2017, 23 (3), 297–302.
• [14] AL-OTOUM F., AL-GHOUTI M.A., AHMED T.A., ABU-DIEYEH M., ALI M., Disinfection by-products of chlorine dioxide (chlorite, chlorate, and trihalomethanes): occurrence in drinking water in Qatar, Chemosphere, 2016, 164, 649–656.
• [15] WHO, Guidelines for drinking-water quality, [In:] Recommendations, 3rd Ed., Geneva 2004.
• [16] APHA 2005, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 19th Ed., American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, 1998.
• [17] EPA, Arsenic, inorganic (CASRN 7440-38-2), [In:] Integrated Risk Information System, US Environmental Protection Agency, 2007.
• [18] USEPA, Method 300.1, 1993. Determination of Inorganic Anions in Drinking Water by Ion Chromatography. Revision 1.0, 2006.
• [19] UYAK V., TOROZ I., Enhanced coagulation of disinfection by-products precursors in a main water supply of Istanbul, Environ.Technol., 2005, 26, 261–266.
• [20] YANG X., SHANG C., WESTERHOFF P., Factors affecting formation of haloacetonitriles, haloketones, chloropicrin and cyanogen halides during chloramination, Water Res., 2007, 41, 1193–1200.
• [21] KORN C., ANDREWS R.C., ESCOBAR M.D., Development of chlorine dioxiderelated by-product models for drinking water treatment, Water Res., 2002, 36 (1), 330–334.
• [22] KAMPIOTI A., The impact of bromide on the formation of neutral and acidic disinfection by-products (DBPs) in Mediterranean chlorinated drinking water, Water Res., 2002, 36, 2596–2606.
• [23] HU J., SONG H., KARANFIL T., Comparative analysis of halonitromethane and trihalomethane formation and speciation in drinking water: the effects of disinfectants, pH, bromide, and nitrite, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2010, 44, 794–799.
• [24] YU H.W., OH S.G., KIM I.S., PEPPER I., SNYDER S., JANG A., Formation and speciation of haloacetic acids in seawater desalination using chlorine dioxide as disinfectant, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 2015, 26, 193–201.
• [25] GORDON G., SLOOTMAEKERS B., TACHIYASHIKI S., WOOD D.W., Minimizing chlorite ion and chlorate ion in water treated with whlorine dioxide, J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 1990, 82 (4), 160–165.

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2021).