Effect of biodegradable mulching on soil quality in stenotermal vegetable crop production

• Autorzy: Domagała-Świątkiewicz I. , Siwek P.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.2429/proc.2015.9(2)050

Warianty tytułu

PL

Wpływ mulczowania z wykorzystaniem włóknin biodegradowalych na jakość gleby w uprawie warzyw ciepłolubnych

• Konferencja: ECOpole’15 Conference (14-16.10.2015, Jarnoltowek, Poland)
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Mulching with plastic materials that cover the soil creates a physical barrier to soil water evaporation, preserves good soil structure, controls weeds and protects plants from soil contamination. The removal and disposal of non-recyclable and non-degradable plastic wastes after harvest is difficult and expensive. Using alternative biodegradable polymers as covers has been of increasing concern in recent years. This paper provides a presentation of results concerning the physical and chemical properties of soil under biodegradable nonwoven covers. Biodegradable PLA (polylactide) and Bionolle (an aliphatic polyester of butylene glycol and succinic and adipic acid) films covering the soil on tomato and cucumber fields were evaluated to estimate the changes in several physical soil properties including bulk density, water field capacity, wet soil aggregate stability and chemical soil properties including soil acidity, EC, organic matter and soil mineral status. Favourable changes in the physical structure of soil can be achieved by mulching the soil surface of biodegradable polymers. The obtained results show that using covers with PLA and Bionolle biofilm significantly increased the amount of large aggregates and decreased the percentage of the smallest size aggregates in soils; however, the observed effects were strongly affected by weather conditions. Under wet conditions, mulching increased the soil bulk density and decreased soil water capacity. The results of soil chemical analyses demonstrated the low impact of treatments on macro- and microelement concentration measured after tomato and cucumber harvesting. Soils under PLA and Bionolle covers had smaller low ion concentrations in relation to bare soils.

PL

Mulcze z tworzyw sztucznych tworzą fizyczną barierę dla parowania wody, pozwalają zachować dobrą strukturę gleby, kontrować zachwaszczenie oraz chronią rośliny przed zanieczyszczeniami glebowymi. Usuwanie i unieszkodliwianie po zbiorach odpadów z tworzyw sztucznych nienadających się do recyklingu i niepodlegających degradacji jest trudne i kosztowne. W ostatnich latach stosowanie alternatywnych włóknin biodegradowalnych jako mulczy lub okryć w uprawie roślin cieszy się coraz większym zainteresowaniem. Praca jest prezentacją wyników dotyczących właściwości fizycznych i chemicznych gleb mulczowanych biodegradowalnymi włókninami. W badaniach oceniano zmiany niektórych fizycznych właściwości gleby, takich jak: gęstość objętościowa, pojemność wodna i wodoodporność agregatów glebowych po uprawie pomidora i ogórka. Do ściółkowania gleby wykorzystano włókninę PLA (polilaktyd) i Bionolle (poliester butylenu, alifatycznego glikolu, kwasu bursztynowego i adypinowego). Chemiczne właściwości gleby oceniano, oznaczając w nich odczyn, stężenie soli, zawartość węgla organicznego, dostępne dla roślin składniki pokarmowe oraz zawartość metali ciężkich. Okrywanie powierzchni gleby włókninami z polimerów biodegradowalnych wpłynęło korzystnie na strukturę gleby. Biowłókniny PLA i Bionolle zwiększały ilość makroagregatów wodoodpornych, a zmniejszały odsetek najmniejszych agregatów w glebie, jednak obserwowane zmiany były silnie modyfikowane poprzez warunki atmosferyczne w poszczególnych latach prowadzenia badań. W bardzo mokrym roku okrywanie gleby zwiększało jej gęstość objętościową oraz zmniejszało pojemność wodną. Mulczowanie gleby z użyciem biodegradowalnych włóknin nie wpływało znacząco na zawartość składników pokarmowych i metali ciężkich w glebie. Obserwowano nieznaczny spadek EC w glebach pod ściółkami w porównaniu do gleby nieokrywanej.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

biofilm; bulk density; water-stable aggregates; soil organic matter; tomato; cucumber

PL

biowłóknina; gęstość objętościowa; agregat wodoodporny; materia organiczna; pomidor; ogórek

• Wydawca: Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
• Czasopismo: Proceedings of ECOpole
• Rocznik: 2015
• Tom: Vol. 9, No. 2
• Strony: 425--439
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 47 poz., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Domagała-Świątkiewicz I.

• Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Plant Nutrition, Department of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland, phone [phone]

autor

Siwek P.

• Department of Vegetables and Herb Plants, Department of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland, phone [phone]

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Uwagi

PL

Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę.