Experimental Investigation on the Performance of DJI Phantom 4 RTK in the PPK Mode for 3D Mapping Open-Pit Mines

• Autorzy: Le Van Canh , Cao Xuan Cuong , Nguyen Quoc Long , Le Thi Thu Ha , Tran Tuan-Anh , Bui Xuan‑Nam

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.29227/IM-2020-02-10

Warianty tytułu

PL

Eksperymentalne badanie możliwości zastosowania UAV typu DJI Phantom 4 RTK w trybie PPK do tworzenia 3D modeli w kopalniach odkrywkowych

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Open-pit coal mines’ terrain is often complex and quickly and frequently changes. Therefore, topographic surveys of open-pit mines are undertaken on a daily basis. While these tasks are very time-consuming and costly with traditional methods such as total station and GNSS, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based method can be more efficient. This method is a combination of the “Structure from motion” (SfM) photogrammetry technique and UAV photogrammetry which has been widely used in topographic surveying. With an increasing popularity of RTK-enabled drones, it is becoming even more powerful method. While the important role of ground control points (GCP) in the accuracy of digital surface model (DSM) generated from images acquired by “traditional” UAVs (not RTK-enabled drones) has been proved in many previous studies, it is not clear in the case of RTK-enabled drones, especially for complex terrain in open-pit coal mines. In this study, we experimentally investigated the influence of GCP regarding its numbers and distribution on the accuracy of DSM generation from images acquired by RTK-enabled drones in open-pit coal mines. In addition, the Post Processing Kinematic (PPK) mode was executed over a test field with the same flight altitude. DSM generation was performed with several block control configurations: PPK only, PPK with one GCP, and PPK with two GCPs. Several positions of GCPs were also examined to test the optimal locations for placing GCPs to achieve accurate DSMs. The results show that the horizontal and vertical accuracy given by PPK only were 9.3 and 84.4 cm, respectively. However, when adding at least one GCP, the accuracy was significantly improved in both horizontal and vertical components, with RMSE for XY and Z ranging between 3.8 and 9.8 cm (with one GCP) and between 3.0 and 5.7 cm (with two GCPs), respectively. Also, the GCPs placed in the deep areas of the open-pit mine could ensure the cm-level accuracy.

PL

Tereny kopalni odkrywkowych w Wietnamie są często pozbawione roślinności o silnie zróżnicowanej morfologii utworzone w wyniku eksploatacji górniczej. Tradycyjne prace geodezyjne w kopalniach odkrywkowych są czasochłonne. W artykule, przedstawiono wyniki badania dotyczącego procesu technologicznego generowania 3D modeli i ortofotomapy na podstawie danych pozyskanych z pokładu bezzałogowej platformy UAV typu DJI Phantom 4RTK. Współcześnie bezzałogowe statki powierzchne (BSP) stanowią̨ dobrze rozwiniętą gałąź́ lotnictwa, która umożliwia pozyskiwanie danych z pułapu od kilku do kilkuset metrów. Własność́ ta stwarza nowe możliwości zastosowanie UAV w w kopalniach odkrywkowych. Omawiano metodę połączenia techniki fotogrametrii „Struktury z ruchu” (SfM) i fotogrametrii UAV, która jest szeroko stosowana w pomiarach topograficznych. Podczas gdy ważna rola naziemnych punktów kontrolnych (GCP) w dokładności cyfrowego modelu powierzchni (DSM) generowanego na podstawie obrazów uzyskanych przez „tradycyjne” UAV (a nie drony z obsługą RTK) została udowodniona w wielu poprzednich badaniach, nie jest to jasne w przypadek dronów obsługujących RTK, zwłaszcza na skomplikowanym terenie w odkrywkowych kopalniach węgla. W tym badaniu eksperymentalnie zbadano wpływ GCP pod względem jego liczby i rozmieszczenia na dokładność generowania DSM na podstawie obrazów uzyskanych przez drony z obsługą RTK w odkrywkowych kopalniach węgla. Dodatkowo, tryb Post Processing Kinematic (PPK) został uruchomiony na polu testowym na tej samej wysokości lotu. Generowanie DSM przeprowadzono z kilkoma konfiguracjami sterowania blokami: tylko PPK, PPK z jednym GCP i PPK z dwoma GCP. Zbadano również kilka pozycji GCP, aby przetestować optymalne lokalizacje do umieszczania GCP w celu uzyskania dokładnych DSM. Wyniki pokazują, że podana przez PPK dokładność pozioma i pionowa wyniosła odpowiednio 9,3 i 84,4 cm. Jednak po dodaniu co najmniej jednego GCP dokładność została znacznie poprawiona zarówno w komponentach poziomych, jak i pionowych, przy RMSE dla XY i Z w zakresie od 3,8 do 9,8 cm (z jednym GCP) i od 3,0 do 5,7 cm (z dwoma GCP), odpowiednio. Ponadto GCP umieszczone w głębokich obszarach kopalni odkrywkowej mogą zapewnić dokładność w granicach centymetrowych (cm).

Słowa kluczowe

EN

unmanned aerial vehicle; post processing kinematic; digital surface model; open-pit mines

PL

bezzałogowe statki powietrzne; PPK; DSM; GCP; kopalnie odkrywkowe

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Przeróbki Kopalin
• Czasopismo: Inżynieria Mineralna
• Rocznik: 2020
• Tom: no. 2, vol. 1
• Strony: 65--74
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 30 poz., tab., wykr., zdj.

Twórcy

autor

Le Van Canh

• Department of Mine Surveying, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Hanoi; Vietnam

autor

Cao Xuan Cuong

• Department of Mine Surveying, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Hanoi; Vietnam

autor

Nguyen Quoc Long

• Department of Mine Surveying, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Hanoi; Vietnam

autor

Le Thi Thu Ha

• Department of Mine Surveying, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Hanoi; Vietnam

autor

Tran Tuan-Anh

• Department of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Hanoi, Vietnam

autor

Bui Xuan‑Nam

• Department of Surface Mining, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Hanoi, Vietnam

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Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2020).