A comprehensive study of radon levels and associated radiation doses in Himalayan groundwater

• Autorzy: Prasad M. , Kumar G. A. , Sahoo B. K. , Ramola R. C.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1007/s11600-018-0135-0

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The concentration of radon in groundwater is mainly governed by the radium content in the rocks of the aquifer. The internal exposure to high levels of radon in water is directly associated with the radiological risk to members of public. In this work, radon concentrations were measured in groundwater of Garhwal Himalaya, India, using scintillation detector-based RnDuo and silicon detector-based RAD7 monitors. An inter-comparison exercise was carried out between RnDuo and RAD7 techniques for a few samples to validate the results. The radiation doses associated with the exposure to radon in water were estimated from measured values of activity concentrations. An attempt has been made to see the effect of geology, geohydrology and different types of sources on radon levels in Himalayan groundwater. The experimental techniques and results obtained are discussed in detail.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

springs; groundwater; geohydrology; RAD7; RnDuo

PL

źródła; wody gruntowe; geohydrologia

• Wydawca: Instytut Geofizyki PAN ; Springer
• Czasopismo: Acta Geophysica
• Rocznik: 2018
• Tom: Vol. 66, no. 5
• Strony: 1223--1231
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 36 pz.

Twórcy

autor

Prasad M.

• Department of PhysicsIndian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee India

autor

Kumar G. A.

• Department of PhysicsIndian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee India

autor

Sahoo B. K.

• Radiological Physics and Advisory Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai India

autor

Ramola R. C.

• Department of Physics H.N.B. Garhwal University Tehri Garhwal India

Bibliografia

• 1. Choubey VM, Ramola RC (1997) Correlation between geology and radon levels in groundwater, soil and indoor air in Bhilangana Valley, Garhwal Himalaya, India. Environ Geol 32:258–262
• 2. Choubey VM, Bartarya SK, Ramola RC (2000) Radon in Himalayan springs: a geohydrological control. Environ Geol 39:523–530
• 3. Duggal V, Sharma S, Mehra R (2017) Radon levels in drinking water of Fatehabad district of Haryana, India. Appl Radiat Isot 123:36–40
• 4. Durridge Radon Instrument (2013) RAD7 radon detector, user manual, 2013. Durridge Co. USA. http://www.durridge.com/documentation/RAD7%20Manual.pdf
• 5. EU (1998) European drinking water directive 98/83/EC of 3rd November 1998 on the quality of water intended for human consumption. Off J Eur Comm (European Commission)
• 6. EU (2001) Commission recommendation of 20th December 2001 on the protection of the public against exposure to radon in drinking water. Off J Eur Comm (European Commission)
• 7. Fonollosa E, Penalver A, Borrull F, Aguilar C (2016) Radon in spring waters in the south of Catalonia. J Environ Radioact 151:275–281
• 8. Gaware JJ, Sahoo BK, Sapra BK, Mayya YS (2011) Indigenous development and networking of online radon monitors in the underground uranium mine. Radiat Prot Environ 34:37
• 9. Gupta SK (1977) Geology and petrology of part of Upper Bhagirathi Valley Central crystalline, M. Tech Dissertation Report, Dist. Uttarkashi, UP
• 10. Heim A, Gansser A (1939) Central Himalaya: geological observations of the Swiss expedition 1936. Denkschriften der Schwieizerishen Naturforschenden Gasellschaft
• 11. Jobbágy V, Kávási N, Somlai J et al (2010) Radiochemical characterization of spring waters in Balaton Upland, Hungary, estimation of radiation dose to members of public. Microchem J 94:159–165
• 12. Jobbágy V, Altzitzoglou T, Malo P et al (2017) A brief overview on radon measurements in drinking water. J Environ Radioact 173:18–24
• 13. Kendall GM, Smith TJ (2002) Doses to organs and tissues from radon and its decay products. J Radiol Prot 22:389
• 14. Lawrence E, Poeter E, Wanty R (1991) Geohydrologic, geochemical, and geologic controls on the occurrence of radon in ground water near Conifer, Colorado, USA. J Hydrol 127:367–386
• 15. Moreno V, Bach J, Baixeras C, Font L (2014) Radon levels in groundwaters and natural radioactivity in soils of the volcanic region of La Garrotxa, Spain. J Environ Radioact 128:1–8
• 16. Nashine SK (1982) Uranium occurrences close to the main central thrust around Sileth, Dhargaon, Chamyala Balganga valley, Tehri Garhwal. UP Him Geol 12:305–316
• 17. NRC (1999) Risk assessment of radon in drinking water. National Research Council Report. National Academy Press, Washington, DC
• 18. Prasad Y, Prasad G, Choubey VM, Ramola RC (2009) Geohydrological control on radon availability in groundwater. Radiat Meas 44:122–126
• 19. Prasad M, Rawat M, Dangwal A et al (2016) Variability of radon and thoron equilibrium factors in indoor environment of Garhwal Himalaya. J Environ Radioact. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.10.017
• 20. Przylibski TA, Gorecka J (2014) 222 Rn activity concentration differences in groundwaters of three Variscan granitoid massifs in the Sudetes (NE Bohemian Massif, SW Poland). J Environ Radioact 134:43–53
• 21. Ramola RC, Kandari MS, Rawat RBS (1997) Assessment of health risk due to exposure of radon and its daughter products in the lower atmosphere. Curr Sci 73:771–774
• 22. Rautela BS, Yadav M, Bourai AA et al (2012) Study of natural radionuclide and absorbed gamma dose in Ukhimath area of Garhwal Himalaya, India. Radiat Prot Dosim 152:58–61
• 23. Ravikumar P, Somashekar RK (2014) Determination of the radiation dose due to radon ingestion and inhalation. Int J Environ Sci Technol 11:493–508
• 24. Sinha AK (1989) Geology of the higher Central Himalaya. Wiley, New York
• 25. Todorovic N, Nikolov J, Forkapic S et al (2012) Public exposure to radon in drinking water in Serbia. Appl Radiat Isot 70:543–549
• 26. UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation) (1993) Sources and effects of ionizing radiation. Report to the General Assembly, with scientific annexes. United Nations sales publication Annex A, Section III, Paragraph 133, Page No. 54. United Nations, New York
• 27. UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation) (2000) Sources and effects of ionizing radiation. Report to General Assembly with Scientific annexes. United Nations sales publication, Annex B, Section III, Paragraph 157, Page No. 108. United Nations, New York
• 28. USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) (1991) Federal Register 40 Parts 141 and 142: national primary drinking water regulations; radionuclides: proposed rule. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
• 29. USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) (1999) Raadon in drinking water, factsheet. EPA815-F-99-007. http://water.epa.gov/scitech/drinkingwater/dws/radon/qal.cfm
• 30. Valdiya KS (1980) Geology of kumaun lesser Himalaya. Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun
• 31. Valdiya KS, Bartarya SK (1991) Hydrogeological studies of springs in the catchment of the Gaula river, Kumaun Lesser Himalaya, India. Mt Res Dev 11:239–258
• 32. Valdiya KS, Paul SK, Chandra T et al (1999) Tectonic and lithological characterization of Himadri (Great Himalaya) between Kali and Yamuna rivers, central Himalaya. Himal Geol 20:1–17
• 33. WHO (2008) World health organization guidelines for drinking water quality. In: Incorporating first and second addenda, third ed. WHO Press, Geneva, 3rd edn. World Health Organisation, Geneva
• 34. WHO (2009) WHO handbook on indoor radon: a public health perspective. World Health Organization, Geneva
• 35. WHO (World Health Organization) (2004) Guidelines for drinking-water quality. Vol. 1. Recommendations, 3rd edn. World Health Organization, Geneva
• 36. WHO (World Health Organization) (2011) Guidelines for drinking-water quality. Vol. 1. Recommendations, 4th edn. World Health Organization, Geneva