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Abstrakty
Chlorine decay behavior is significantly variable since it depends on the quality of water and the condition of a distribution system. The effect of various parameters on the bulk chlorine decay kinetics in water samples collected from the Zai water treatment plant in Jordan has been examined. These parameters are reaction time, temperature, TOC, and free chlorine dose. An empirical equation describing the abovementioned effects has been derived. The general trend of chlorine decay decreases upon time and can fairly be represented by first-order decay kinetics. An increase in the value of temperature and TOC parameters has proportional effects on the decay of bulk chlorine. However, the data show that the decay constants were found to be inversely proportional to the initial chlorine concentration. A general correlation for the calculation of bulk chlorine decay rate constant as a function of the parameters in question of this study has been proposed. Consequent predictions are in good agreement with the observed results in this study.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
223--231
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 24 poz., rys
Twórcy
autor
- Water, Energy, and Environment Center, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan Chemical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
autor
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
autor
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
autor
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Çorlu Engineering Faculty, Namik Kemal University, Çorlu, Tekirdaǧ; 59860, Turkey
autor
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
Bibliografia
- [1] KOWALSKA B., KOWALSKI D., MUSZ A., Chlorine decay in water distribution systems, Environ. Prot. Eng., 2006, 32 (2), 5.
- [2] SAIDAN M., RAWAJFEH K., FAYYAD M., Investigation of factors affecting THMs formation in drinking water, Am. J. Environ. Eng., 2013, 3 (5), 207.
- [3] DI CRISTO C., GIOVANNI ESPOSITO G., LEOPARDI A., Modelling trihalomethanes formation in water supply systems, Environ. Tech., 2013, 34 (1), 61.
- [4] SAIDAN M., RAWAJFEH K., FAYYAD M., Determination of trihalomethanes levels in a selected area of Amman’s drinking water distribution system: case study, Des. Water Treat., 2014, 54 (3), 642.
- [5] SAIDAN M., MERIC S., RAWAJFEH K., AL-WESHAH R., AL-ZUBI S., Effect of bromide and other factors on brominated trihalomethanes formation in treated water supply in Jordan, Des. Water Treat., 2016, 57 (33), 15304–15313.
- [6] CLARK R.M., ADAMS J.Q., SETHI V., SIVAGANESAN M., Control of microbial contaminants and disinfect ion by-products for drinking water in the US: cost and performance, J. Water Supply. Res. Tech. (Aqua), 1998, 47 (6), 255.
- [7] CHOWDHURY S., HUSAIN T., Evaluation of drinking water treatment technology. An entropy-based fuzzy application, J. Environ. Eng., 2006, 132 (10), 1264.
- [8] EL-KHORDAGUI H.K., MANCY K.H., Formation of trihalomethanes during disinfection of drinking water, Water Qual. Bull. Environ. Canada, 1983, 8 (1), 37.
- [9] CLARK R.M., LYKINS W.M.,BLOCK J.C., WYMER L.J.,REASONER D.J., Water quality changes in a simulated distribution system, J. Water Supply Res. and Tech. Aqua, 1994, 43 (6), 263.
- [10] ROSSMAN L.A., CLARK R.M., GRAYMAN W.M., Modeling chlorine residuals in drinking-water distribution-systems, J. Environ. Eng., 1994, 120 (4), 803.
- [11] POWELL J.C., WEST J.R., HALLAM N.B., FORSTER C.F., SIMMS J., Performance of various kinetic models for chlorine decay, J. Water Res. Plan. Manage., 2000, 126 (1), 13.
- [12] VIEIRA P., COELHO S.T., LOUREIRO D., Accounting for the influence of initial chlorine concentration, TOC, iron and temperature when modeling chlorine decay in water supply, J. Water Supply. Res. Technol. (Aqua), 2004, 53 (7), 453.
- [13] BOCCELLI D.L., TRYBY M.E., UBER J.G., SUMMERS R.S., A reactive species model for chlorine decay and THM formation under rechlorination conditions, Water Res., 2003, 37, 2654.
- [14] JADAS-HECART A., EL MOHER A., STITOU M., BOUILLOT P., LEGUBE B., The chlorine demand of a treated water, Water Res., 1992, 26 (8), 1073 (in French).
- [15] POWELL J.C., HALLAM N.B., WEST J.R., FORSTER C F., SIMMS J., Factors which control bulk chlorine decay rates, Wat. Res., 2000, 34 (1), 117.
- [16] KOHPAEI A.J., SATHASIVAN A., Chlorine decay prediction in bulk water using the parallel second order model: An analytical solution development, Chemical Eng. J., 2011, 171, 232.
- [17] GOLFINOPOULOS S.K., XILOURGIDIS K., KOSTOPOULOU N., LEKKAS T.D., Use of a multiple regression model for predicting trihalomethane formation, Water Res., 1998, 32, 2821.
- [18] HALLAM N.B., HUA F., WEST J.R., FORSTER C.F., SIMMS J., Bulk decay of chlorine in water distribution systems, J. Water Res. Plan. Manage., 2003, 129, 78.
- [19] CLARK R.M., GRAYMAN W.M., GOODRICH J.A., DEININGER R.A., SKOV K., Measuring and modeling chlorine propagation in water distribution systems, J. Water Res. Plan. Manage., 1994, 120, 871.
- [20] HUA F., WESTI J.R., BARKER R.A., FORSTER C.F., Modelling of chlorine decay in municipal water supplies, Water Res., 1999, 33 (2), 2735.
- [21] KAVANAUGH M.C., An empirical kinetic model of THM formation. Applications to meet the proposed THMs standard, J. AWWA, 1980, 72, 578.
- [22] Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Environment Federation, Washington 1995, 19.
- [23] SAWYER C.N., Chemistry for environmental engineering, McGraw-Hill, New York 1994.
- [24] VASCONCELOS J.J., BOULOS P.F., GRAYMAN W.M., Characterization and modeling of chlorine in distribution systems, AWWA Res. Formation, Denver 1996.
Uwagi
PL
Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2018).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-00918831-4bc7-432b-b7b6-bcde61f4c1a9