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Aura
|
1994
|
nr 02
4-6
EN
Reffering to "there are no poor countries, there are only poorly managed countries" principle, the author discusses rules and principles of management of the economy. Following the change of the economic system Poland transforms into market economy. The market, however, is only a mechanism and it should not determine purposes and priorities of development. Some values cannot be expressed in terms of market economy, and some will not react to market changes. Components of the environment (water, air, vegetation, landscape) have not only market values, but they are also valuable in terms of aesthetics, health and ethics. Sound natural environment is an indispensable part of high life quality. This problem and objective ecological rules have been ignored by subsequent governments. The environmental degradation and worsening public health proceed. Further implementation of such "policy" spells an unavoidable disaster.
PL
Przypominając zasadę, że "nie ma krajów biednych, są tylko kraje źle, nieudolnie zarządzane", autor omawia reguły i zasady zarządzania gospodarką. W wyniku przemian systemowych przechodzimy w Polsce do gospodarki rynkowej. Rynek jest jednak tylko mechanizmem i nie powinien rozstrzygać o wyborze celów i kierunków rozwoju. Nie wszystkie wartości dają się wyrazić w kategoriach rynkowych i nie wszystkie reagują na zmiany rynku. Składniki środowiska (woda, powietrze, zieleń, krajobraz) mają nie tylko wartości rynkowe, ale i estetyczne, zdrowotne, etyczne. Zdrowe środowisko przyrodnicze stanowi nieodzowny składnik wysokiej jakości życia. W Polsce kolejne ekipy rządowe ignorują ten problem, jak też obiektywne prawidłowości ekologiczne. Dewastacja środowiska i zdrowia społeczeństwa postępuje nadal. Kontynuacja takiej "polityki" grozi nieuniknioną katastrofą.
EN
With accession to the membership of the European Union, environmental management will become an increasingly important issue in companies. The author discusses basic problems involved in introducing environmental management into company operations. In Poland, these subjects have not been worked out in depth.
PL
Wraz z członkostwem w Unii Europejskiej ochrona środowiska w przedsiębiorstwach stanie się szczególnie ważna. Autor podejmuje kwestię podstawowych problemów związanych z wprowadzeniem celów ochrony środowiska do działalności przedsiębiorstw. Dotychczas problematyka ta w naszym kraju nie jest jeszcze dobrze rozwinięta.
EN
The article defines the notion of financial indicators and presents different approaches, typology and principles of the design of indicator systems. Basing on own method of design, an indicator system bracing the management of finances of farmsteads is suggested. The most important conditions for the effective use of the proposed system are also defined.
17
80%
EN
In Poland, private forests cover the area of 1,774,698 ha, which constitutes 19.2% of total forest area in the country. It is assumed that their actual share is much bigger, because about 300,000 ha of agricultural grounds covered with secondary succession forests, have not been classified as a forest grounds. In 2013, the complete and actual forest management documentation was prepared by 68.7% of private forests. The stand tending, especially commercial thinnings, cannot be legalized without mentioned documentation. What is more, the update of the Forest Data Bank was made according to the incomplete information on forest description and regulation of forest utilization. Nevertheless, private forests are an important ecological and economical element of Polish land use, and it is supposed that their importance will increase in the future. In Poland, there are some certain problems and expectations related to the private forests. The aim of the paper is to present selected aspects on private forests like their history, legal basis, and problems that occur during the preparation of documentation. The private forests have never been given proper consideration. The owners did not have an organized system of aid and consultancy. In 1991, existed separated legal basis were replaced by a common regulations for all types of the property of the forests. Poland’s accession to the EU caused the growth of expectations of private forests. Unfortunately, previous neglects, resulted mainly from the agricultural reform after 1944, weren’t eliminated, and their effects are still noticeable. Present legal basis is insufficient and sometimes imprecise. Another problem is the lack of supervision in case of the abridged forest management plan or forest inventory. Furthermore, the Forest Act does not precise who is to pay for preparing these documents. Also, the legal character of abridged forest management plan is often discussed. Private owners often treat forests as a source of financial profits by commercial thinnings or conversion of forest land into building land. Owners do not seem to be interested in the forest regeneration or forest tending as these are source of cost. Also non−productive servicing is not their goal. There is a need for elaboration of economical and legal solutions, which would make amends to private forest owners servicing some social or ecological functions. The supervisory authorities should get clear procedures related to the private forests.
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