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1

Urbanonymie malých sídel na příkladu Moravy - explorativní analýza

100%

Mácha P.

Acta onomastica

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2023

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tom 64

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nr 1

88-103

EN

The article provides information about urbanonyms in small settlements. On the basis of a representative sample of Moravian villages, it estimates the number of municipalities with urbanonyms and it summarizes their character, motivation, and level of identification. The predominant motivation is the orientation function followed by traditional oral names and honorification. The predominant level of identification is the local level. The greatest diversity exists in traditional oral names, which account for the largest proportion of unique names and occurrences. The analytical part tests variables that may explain the introduction of street names, their frequency and their character. It shows that the proximity to larger cities and the population size of a community are related to the presence of urbanonyms, their number and partly their character. Significant differences also exist between towns on the one hand and townlets and villages on the other. Towns have a greater proportion of honorific names and names with international and national levels of identification, while townlets and villages have a greater proportion of traditional oral names and names with regional and local levels of identification. In this respect, small towns are more like large cities than townlets and villages of the same size.

2

Renaming in modern Ukrainian urbanonymy (based on the street names of the city of Kyiv)

84%

Kravchenko L.

Acta onomastica

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2019

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tom 60

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nr 2

240-252

EN

The article looks into 177 names of streets, alleys and squares in the city of Kyiv, renamed between 2015 and 2017 as a result of the process of decommunisation. It presents lexical and semantic characteristics of urbanonyms and reveals the key principles and naming motives in the renamed objects. A significant number of changed urbanonyms are based on anthroponyms (114 names of streets, 64%). The lexical base of other urbanonyms is comprised of common lexis (24 names, 14%), and toponyms, particularly oikonyms, hydronyms, microtoponyms (29 names, 16%), and other onyms (10 names, 6%). As for the motivation, some renamed objects received their original historical names (14%), a part of them (12%) received new names, with the geographical and spatial location of the street being taken into account. Some street names refer to the activities of their inhabitants (8%), and some of them reflect the world-view and aesthetic preferences of their inhabitants (3%). The largest number of urbanonyms is dedicated to prominent figures of Ukrainian culture, science, art, national heroes, or representatives of other nationalities who are related to the development of the statehood of Ukraine and its capital (63%).

CS

Text se zabývá 177 názvy ulic, tříd a náměstí města Kyjeva přejmenovaných v období 2015–2017 v důsledku procesu dekomunizace. Představuje lexikální a sémantické charakteristiky urbanonym a odkrývá klíčové principy a motivy pojmenování u přejmenovaných objektů. Největší skupinu změněných urbanonym tvoří názvy založené na antroponymech (114 jmen, 64 %). Lexikální základy ostatních urbanonym jsou tvořeny apelativy (24 jmen, 14 %), toponymy, konkrétně oikonymy, hydronymy, mikrotoponymy (29 jmen, 16 %), a jinými onymy (10 jmen, 6 %). V některých případech byla objektům vrácena jejich historická jména (14 %), část z nich dostala nová jména vycházející z geografické a prostorové lokace ulice (12 %). Některé uliční názvy jsou obrazem aktivity obyvatel dané ulice (8 %) a některé reflektují jejich názorové a estetické preference (3 %). Největší počet urbanonym odkazuje k významným osobnostem ukrajinské kultury, vědy, umění, k národním hrdinům, představitelům jiných národností, kteří mají podíl na vzniku ukrajinské státnosti a hlavního města (63 %).

3

Historie psaná na uliční tabule : ke spontánnímu přejmenovávání městských veřejných prostranství : (na příkladu Prahy)

84%

Ptáčníková M.

Acta onomastica

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2018

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tom 59

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nr 1

173-173

EN

Urban toponyms are instruments through which the past is commemorated and introduced into the public sphere. They represent a chronicle of the history of a given territory and its inhabitants. It is widely recognized that a revolutionary changes in political order are accompanied by a reconfiguring of urban space, of which the renaming of streets and other public spaces is an integral part. But sometimes it is not the regime and its agenda that initiate changes in urban toponymy. This paper is focused on some kind of spontaneous renaming made by residents. All examples are choosen from Prague urban toponymy. These spontaneous urban toponyms remind local realities (e. g. náměstí Barikád - The Barricade Square) or political persons (e. g. Dubčekova třída - Dubček Street).

4

Odraz rusko-ukrajinské války v urbanonymii a v jazykové krajině ostatních zemí

84%

Dvořáková Ž.

Acta onomastica

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2023

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tom 64

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nr 1

22-44

EN

This study is focused on changes in linguistic landscape (especially in urbanonyms) due to the Russian attack on Ukraine in February 2022. It follows official and unofficial renaming of streets around the world in effort to show solidarity with Ukraine and its people. Official commemorative names have often the meaning ‘Free Ukraine’ (e.g. in Riga and Tirana), ‘Ukrainian Heroes’ (e.g. in Prague and Vilnius) etc. and are mostly located close to Russian embassies. Unofficial names given to streets by activists as a protest against the war are usually motivated by the name of the Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy. Street names derived from the adjective Russian, or from Russian toponyms are changed as well, however only unofficially (e.g. the sign with the name of Ruská ‘Russian Street’ in Prague was replaced with the sign containing the famous answer of the Ukrainian soldiers from Snake Island to the Russian warship).

5

Onomastická procházka záhřebskou a bělehradskou zoologickou zahradou

67%

Kołodziej A.

Národopisný věstník

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2022

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tom 63

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nr 1

157-169

EN

The paper examines the transposition of the urban toponyms (i.e. urbanonyms) into the zoological garden’s space, as well as the patterns present across those urbanonyms. The first section comprises a semantic and formal analysis of 18 urbanonyms found in the zoological garden in Zagreb. The second part comprises: a) a discussion of the urbanonyms (36 total) gathered from the zoological garden in Belgrade; and b) a comparative analysis of the urbanonyms collected from the two zoological gardens. The analysis takes into account the motivation behind these urbanonyms, their formal structure, as well as various factors that influenced the naming process. The vast majority of these urbanonyms are used as a means of commemoration; they are anthroponymic derivations based on the names and surnames of the well-known academic, cultural and political figures. From the formal perspective, most of the urbanonyms appear either in the genitive case or as constructions derived through adjectival or possessive formants.

6

Political colonization quantified : urbanonymy landscape seen as a network of street-sign posts

67%

Místecký M.

Acta onomastica

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2019

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tom 60

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nr 1

74-84

EN

The goal of the article is to present two quantitative methods of assessing the degree of political colonization of municipal space by official urbanonymy. This is done in order to provide a tool which will enable the researchers to test hypotheses and measure the property with needed exactitude. To this end, four municipal units from the Moravian-Silesian region, the Czech Republic, have been selected – namely, the former village of Ostrava-Hošťálkovice, the intra-estate city quarter of Ostrava-Pustkovec, the village of Dolní Lhota, and the medium-sized city of Studénka. The methods presented are street-sign distances (SSD), which map the density of the street sign-carrying objects, and street-sign irradiation (SSI), which measures the number of street signs placed on individual objects. It has been proved that both metrics may furnish some information about the way the public space is colonized in the chosen settlement units, and some interpretations were provided on their bases. In order to draw a general picture of political colonization, two things need to be carried out – more indexes should be brought into the game, and more municipalities investigated.

CS

Cílem článku je představit dvě metody, které vymezují míru politické kolonizace městského prostoru oficiální urbanonymií. Cílem je poskytnout nástroje, pomocí nichž bude možné testovat hypotézy a měřit danou vlastnost s potřebnou přesností. Za tímto účelem byly z Moravskoslezského kraje v České republice vybrány čtyři sídelní jednotky – bývalá vesnice Ostrava-Hošťálkovice, městská část Ostrava-Pustkovec, která je umístěna mezi sídlišti, vesnice Dolní Lhota a středně velké město Studénka. Metody, které zde budou prezentovány, jsou vzdálenosti uličních označníků (SSD), jež zachycují hustotu objektů s uličními názvy, a iradiace uličních označníků (SSI), která zachycuje počet označníků na jednom objektu. Bylo prokázáno, že obě metriky jsou s to poskytnout informace o tom, jak byl prostor ve vybraných sídelních jednotkách kolonizován, a na jejich základě bylo vypracováno několik interpretací. Aby bylo možné o politické kolonizaci pojednat obšírněji, je třeba se zaměřit na dva aspekty – jednak vzít v potaz více indexů, jednak prozkoumat více sídelních jednotek.

7

Honorifikační urbanonyma a jejich úloha při formování poválečné urbanonymie (na příkladu Prahy)

67%

Kojetínová M.

Acta onomastica

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2016

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tom 56

124-139

EN

The aim of the paper is to describe specific trends in the development of Prague street names following the end of the Second World War. The main purpose of the research is to show all topics, which arose in post-war society and which also influenced post-war street naming (e. g. eliminating symbols of Nazi Germany, celebrating of our west and east rescuers, laudation of dead heroes, turnover to hussite tradition, turnover to interwar Czechoslovakia etc.). The paper also shows examples of ideological and political influences on street naming after 1948.