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1
Content available About the theory of congested transport streams
100%
EN
Talked about a theory, based on integrity of continuous motion of a transport stream. Placing of car and its speed is in a stream - second. Principle of application of the generalized methods of design and new descriptions of the states of transport streams opens up. Travelling and transport potentials are set, and also external capacity of the system a "transport stream" is an exergy, that allows to make differential equation and decide the applied tasks of organization of travelling motion. Efficiency of application theory of waves is underlined with the new parameters of streams for management and increase of carrying capacity.
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84%
PL
W artykule dokonano przeglądu istniejących modeli opóźnień. Szerzej zostały przedstawione modele: deterministyczny, Webstera i HCM2000 należące do trzech odrębnych grup modeli opóźnień na skrzyżowaniach z sygnalizacją świetlną.
EN
The article includes a review of delay models. Deterministic, Webster's and HCM2000 models, belongs to three separated groups of delay models on intersections with traffic lights, were wider described. We can share existing delay models on three basic groups: deterministic models; "steady-state" models; "time-dependent" models. The begin from Webster's model (1958) most of delay models fundamentally contain two elements: steady part and random part. Steady component origins from deterministic model (constant arrivals). Random component depends on stochastic distributions of arrivals and service. New models ("time-dependent") contain extra parameter - flow period - the time interval [in hours], during which an average arrival exceed flow rate.
PL
W artykule omówiono opóźnienia powstające podczas oczekiwania na możliwość przejazdu przez skrzyżowanie pojazdów skręcających w lewo. Zaprezentowano także wyniki obserwacji i pomiarów na skrzyżowaniach z sygnalizacją świetlną.
EN
The article deals with a delay appears during passing the junctions by left-turn vehicles. The results of observation and measurements on several intersections with traffic lights were presented. The intersection with traffic lights is a very complex structure and all components are dependable from each other in various way. Only a good description of those relations allows receiving reasonable results of the simulation. For the road traffic models very important are random variable that control the process behavior (various events to happen). As we will see, "interference" delay on intersections with traffic lights can be model applying Erlang's distribution, or more general Gamma and Weibull's distribution - it was proved by compatibility tests. All the observations and measurements done will help creating the simulation model of the intersection with traffic lights.
EN
In order to study the characteristics of mixed vessel traffic flow, based on classical head distance model and probability analysis, by studying the combination time head way of different vessel-following sequences, the capacity model of mixed vessels traffic flow was established. Through analyzing two representative types of vessels, research results indicate that the capacity of mixed traffic increase with the traffic flow speed in a certain speed range, but the increasing trend slow down. The closer length and inertial stopping distance of different kind vessels are, the more capacity of mixed traffic increases. And the influence of reaction time on the capacity is related to proportion of different kind vessels.
5
Content available Externalities and their influence on safety
84%
EN
Effective operation of transport depends on the correct costs fixing. The external cost - externality- is the cost or its part that disinterest its author but interests the other people who are not participating in it or who are its victims. Some externalities cannot be expressed in numbers, like the death, human suffering and damage of environment. Externalities interfere with effective division of resources within sectors. According to the study of EU, the road transport, with its 92%, is the biggest contributor to externalities.
PL
Zakłócenia w sieci miejskiej mogą być potencjalną przyczyną zaburzenia płynności ruchu oraz zmian w procesach decyzyjnych użytkowników systemu transportowego. Właściwa identyfikacja przyczyn zakłóceń oraz ocena ich oddziaływania może przyczynić się do zmniejszenia uciążliwości ruchu. Wymaga to jednak odpowiedniego opisu przepływu potoku ruchu w sieci miejskiej. W publikacji zamieszczono krótki przegląd metod odwzorowania przepływu potoków ruchu. Na tej podstawie sformalizowano model przepływu potoków ruchu dla potrzeb analizy zakłóceń. Dynamiczne odwzorowanie ruchu jest szczególnie istotne przy sporządzaniu prognoz krótkoterminowych wykorzystywanych w systemach zarządzania ruchem.
EN
Disruptions in the urban network may be a potential cause of disturbances in traffic smoothness and in changes in decision-making processes of transportation system users. Proper identification of the sources of such disruptions and assessment of their impact, can help to reduce the inconvenience in traffic. However, this requires an appropriate description of the traffic flow in the network links. The paper contains a brief overview of methods for description of traffic flows. On this basis, the model of the traffic flows for the analysis of disruptions has been formalized. Dynamic mapping of traffic is particularly important when preparing shortterm forecasts used in traffic management systems.
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