Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Stigma of people living with HIV/AIDS

100%

Van Damme-Ostapowicz K. , Sarosiek J. , Krajewska-Kułak E. , Pedrycz A. , Cybulski M.

Progress in Health Sciences

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2015

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tom 5

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nr 1

209-213

EN

A specific character of HIV/AIDS has caused numerous complications either medical, legal or social. HIV infection exposes its carriers to frequent acts of intolerance or stigma by the healthy part of the population. Negative social consequences found after detection and disclosure of HIV perfectly match the theory of stigma by Goffman. This theory elucidates mechanisms of stigma or self – stigma affecting these members of the society that via their behavior or life style break the basic social, moral and religious norms. Despite numerous achievements, this disease cannot be overcome completely. People living with HIV/AIDS are still stigmatized and discriminated in the society. They suffer being rejected and isolated by a family, partners and friends. The results demonstrated in the present review, obtained from the examinations conducted among people with HIV/AIDS, in Poland and abroad, attesting stigma, discrimination, low evaluation of the quality of life are the basis for further in-depth studies concerning this issue. This must reinforce educational efforts which will constrain inequality of people with HIV/AIDS, in Poland and abroad. The aim of this study is to inform and sensitize a recipient about stigma among people with HIV/AIDS.

2

Social aspects of mental illness and related ethical issues (prejudice, stigmatisation)

80%

Škoda M.

Uniwersyteckie Czasopismo Socjologiczne

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2016

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nr 16

57-61

EN

At the beginning the paper introduces the role of patient and the four features of the role, as formulated by T. Parsons and E. Freidson in their sociology works. Based on this concept of the role of the patient, the text argues in favour of recognising the mental illness as a real illness. (This recognition is not obvious and is often disputed.) Next, the paper explains the phenomenon of prejudices, and how they are formed. It is related to the stereotypes and the process of categorisation, and therefore the work presents these terms as well. Some specific examples of prejudice both against the mentally ill and psychiatry as such are also introduced. In the last chapter, the issue of stigma and stigmatisation related to the mental illness is presented. The focus is made on the etymology of the word “stigma” and its current use. The paper aims at clarifying the social status of the mentally ill, who suffer not only from their disease, but also from the above mentioned negative social phenomena such as prejudices and stigmatisation.

3

Self-presentation work of people experiencing homelessness. Mixed social situations background

70%

Kostrzyńska M.

Praca Socjalna

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2020

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tom 35(1)

48-70

EN

The article is a reflection on the participatory research conducted by me among the homeless living in the streets of a large city outside the system of institutional aid (2005–2008) and in the environment of homeless people staying in the hostel created within the framework of one of the associations (from 2007 to 2013). The location of these studies within the interpretative orientation ensures an opportunity to get to know the perspective of the Respondents (in this particular case – the homeless). Work on self-presentation is based on the assumption of symbolic interactionism, according to which the basis of interaction is defining the situation, proceeding through interpretation, so reading the meaning of the partner's action and definition, informing the partner about the intentions of action. Therefore, work on self-presentation is an attempt to read the meaning of a partner's activity, based on a specific way of imagining a partner, and thus – the way of treating him and the mechanisms accompanying work on self-presentation.

4

Constructing the Stigma

70%

Kaliszewska K.

Polish Journal of Applied Psychology

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2013

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tom 11

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nr 1

41-65

EN

Perception of other people is influenced mainly by the social categorization processes. Otherness depend on the culture the perceiver was raised in, the socio-political situation of his or her country, and on the individual factors such as: cognitive abilities and cognitive habits, emotions, or the need for closure. The current studies were conducted in the group of 300 students from 18 to 19 years old. It has been showed that the disadvantaged person is perceived mostly in the negative way, that is through their disabilities, disorders and illnesses, which are thought to be interfering with the realization of the needs, aspirations, values or a good social position. In students opinion the disability creates many problems in the social functioning, gaining acceptance of others, or in starting new relationship with normal - able persons. It has been concluded that the outcomes of the current study should be implemented in the education processes, especially of these students who are planning to become teachers or special educators in the future.

5

Wykluczenie społeczne osób chorych i niepełnosprawnych – aspekty etyczne. Psychologiczne koszty stygmatyzacji

70%

Chudzicka-Czupała A. , Gałuszka A.

Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne

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2016

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nr 1(20)

47-58

EN

The main aim of this article is to review the theoretical concepts and selected studies relating to the stigmatization and exclusion of ill and disabled people, their sources, mechanisms and effects, with particular attention to the ethical dimension of this phenomenon. Psychological costs, understood as negative emotions, or some kind of psychological discomfort, are the result of differences between the states of the ideal and the real.Ill and disabled people are often subject to negative stereotypes that are unfounded, baseless, unjustified, unfair and harmful. It is very important to prevent stigmatization and social exclusion of these people, but to do this it is needed to diagnose the problem of stigmatization itself.

6

The Impact of Stigmatisation upon Russian and Russian-Speaking Migrants Living in Scotland

70%

McKenna R.

Central and Eastern European Migration Review

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2018

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tom 7

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nr 1

91-108

EN

This article explores the nature and impact of stigmatisation upon Russian and Russian-speaking migrants living in Scotland. It is based upon data gathered from 19 interviews with Russians and Russian-speakers living in the Aberdeen/Aberdeenshire and Central Belt regions of Scotland. Ongoing conflict in Syria and Ukraine has worsened relations between the UK and Russia, while EU enlargement and, latterly, the ‘refugee crisis’ have fuelled hostile attitudes towards migrants. Russians and Russian-speakers living in Scotland therefore face two potential sources of stigma, firstly because of a (perceived) association with the actions of the Russian state and, secondly, because they are often misidentified as Polish and are consequently regarded as threatening the availability of resources such as jobs, housing, benefits and school places (Pijpers 2006; Spigelman 2013). The article explores how people respond to such stigmatisation, emphasising the complexity of engaging with misdirected stigma. It is suggested that stigma – and the way in which people respond to it – is situational and context-specific in that it is significantly influenced by the identity, background and perspective of the stigmatised person. Also investigated is the wider impact of stigma on Russian and Russian-speaking migrants’ lives, highlighting the emotional and social insecurities that can result from stigmatisation. Drawing on anthropological theories of social security (Caldwell 2007; von Benda-Beckmann and von Benda-Beckmann 2000), the article suggests that robust social support, particularly from people who are local to the host country, can mitigate the negative effects of stigmatisation.

7

Kritické gesto a záležitosti péče v souřadnicích ne/způsobilosti

70%

Synek M. , Hradcová D. , Carboch R. , Jahodová D.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2019

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tom 55

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nr 5

587-613

EN

Critique is one of the social sciences’ most respectable tasks, especially when its aim is to emancipate people oppressed for their otherness. However, there is also a critique of critique as a disabling tool, replacing the obvious actors revealed as ‘fictitious’ with synthetic objects that the critic herself deems more ‘factual’. This article understands the critical gesture as a pragmatic resource for re-organising the field of dis/abilities. In the first part of the article, we make three critical gestures together with José, a person identified as mentally ill. A paranoid vision of a secret conspiracy, a naturalising concept of disease, and the critique of stigma all seek to radically redraw the dis/ability coordinates, but their emancipatory potential is thwarted by the complex interconnectedness of their objects. José’s recovery thus ultimately hinges on a delicate balancing act combining critique and composing. In this sense, his effort resembles the careful treading of lay and professional critics in the last part of our text, in which we try to solve problems of living with dementia together with the Hanuš family. While the critical gesture has an essential role to play here as well, close ethnographic encounters are rather about jointly articulating the critical matters of care, wherein the problematic agencies of both obvious and not-so-obvious actors are acknowledged.

8

Temporary Employment, Permanent Stigma? Perceptions of Temporary Agency Workers Across Low- and High-Skilled Jobs

70%

Cardone P. , Tümpel M. , Huber C. M.

Qualitative Sociology Review

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2021

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tom 17

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nr 3

6-33

EN

Research on temporary agency work emphasizes that temporary agency workers (TAWs), particularly those in low-skilled jobs associated with precariousness and low social prestige, are likely to be exposed to poor treatment, as well as stigmatization. On the contrary, stigmatization of TAWs in high-skilled jobs has not been treated in much detail in previous studies. Literature provides an incomplete picture of stigmatization within the broader field of temporary employment regarding the focus on low-skilled jobs. Hence, the present qualitative study is based on data from interviews of a heterogeneous sample of TAWs employed in low- and high-skilled jobs in Germany. By using and modifying Boyce and colleagues’ (2007) model of stigmatization, the study shows that stigmatizing treatment towards TAWs occurs across all skill levels, although the intensity and form of those experiences, as well as coping strategies, differ. Thereby, this study contributes to a more differentiated and skill level-specific understanding of how TAWs perceive and cope with stigmatization linked to their employment status. It also provides an important opportunity to advance Boyce and colleagues’ (2007) complex model of TAW stigmatization with empirical underpinnings.

9

Disparagement humor and anti-obesity attitudes

70%

Burmeister J. , Carels R.

The European Journal of Humour Research

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2020

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tom 8

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nr 1

EN

People with obesity are often the target of disparaging humour. The typical derision of obesity found in everyday life also extends into the realm of the media. Many assumptions have been made about the effects this type of humour may have on the public’s attitudes toward people with obesity, but little empirical research exists. In the present research, two studies sought to uncover whether jokes and humorous media depictions of people with obesity affect individuals’ attitudes. In Study 1, participants (N = 271) either read a list of derogatory jokes about obesity, read a list of derogatory comments about obesity, or read a list of jokes that were unrelated to obesity. All participants were then asked to report their 1) attitudes toward people with obesity in several domains, 2) level of belief in stereotypes about obesity and 3) judgement of the social acceptability of jokes about obesity. Participants’ scores on these dependent measures did not differ across groups suggesting obesity jokes do not have an immediate impact on attitudes. In Study 2, participants (N = 146) were shown video clips from film and television programmes that featured derogatory humour targeting obese characters. Again, participants’ scores on dependent measures did not differ across groups. The results of these studies suggest that brief exposure to derogatory weight-related humour may not affect individuals’ attitudes toward people with obesity as might be assumed. Longer exposure to disparaging humour may be required to shift individuals’ attitudes about people with obesity

10

ROLA KOŚCIOŁA W ZMIANIE SPOSOBU SPOŁECZNEGO POSTRZEGANIA ZJAWISKA BEZROBOCIA

70%

Potasińska A.

Colloquium Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych AMW

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2015

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nr 3

143-158

EN

It is very important what is the public perception of unemployment, what public opinion says about it, what say about it politicians, academics or journalists. It has influence on self-estimation of people affected by the phenomenon, it has also a great importance for the social interactions and the policy against it. The unemployment can be treated as a natural or as a feigned problem and unemployed people can be treated in a stereotypical way as not very active and not very resourceful. Studies show that reality is different from the social knowledge of it. Fortunately there is a possibility to change public opinions, to improve the image, and bring it closer to reality. The Catholic Church is one of the social actors that can take part in achieving this goal. Contrary to the stereotypical perception every human is threaten as individuality. In its doctrine Catholic Church treats unemployment as a negative phenomenon, in every situation it is a waste of human capital.

11

Autostygmatyzacja osób z niepełnosprawnością wzrokową

70%

GŁADYSZEWSKA-CYLULKO J.

Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej

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2018

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nr 22

EN

Joanna Gładyszewska-Cylulko, Self-stigma in the visually impaired, Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy, No. 22, Poznań 2018. Pp. 179–193. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2018.22.11 The blind and visually impaired are one of the groups prone to stigma. Stigma imposed by social environment may lead to self-stigma, that is expressing negative opinions about oneself as a result of the carried sigma. Self-stigma usually develops in three stages: first the stigmatised person realizes that they have been stereotyped, then they accept the stereotype and finally apply it to themselves. Thus, to develop selfstigma, the person has to be aware that they are perceived by the society in a stereotypical way (a blind person is usually perceived as passive, dependent and reliant on other people’s help), accept it and acknowledge themselves that this is their real image. Not every visually impaired person is will develop self-stigma. The article presents selected factors and preventive measures that may reduce the risk of self-stigma.

12

Właściwości stygmatu a sytuacja życiowa człowieka zagrożonego stygmatyzacją

70%

Świgost M.

Studia Edukacyjne

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2017

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nr 45

329-345

EN

It is stated that the properties of stigma have the key role in perceiving social relations and own life situation by the person who is in danger of the process of social stigma. It is ccognitively interesting how agreeing to the process of social stigma is shown in terms of difficulty that is being activated by specific feature, pressing, in exceptional sense, on seeing and controling the stigma. This article contains the theoretical analysis of the process of social stigma in relation to its chosen features. There has been done an attempt to present mutual assorted interaction with the influence of blocking predicators or those restoring the process of social self-indicating and indicating.

13

„Kobietą być, to być kobietą” – piętno „niepełnosprawnej płci”1 w doświadczeniach kobiet z głębszą niepełnosprawnością intelektualną uczęszczających do środowiskowego domu samopomocy

70%

Jakubas A.

Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej

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2015

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nr 10

89-110

EN

This article presents selected fragments of an analysis within a wider research project conducted for an unpublished master’s thesis, related to the question of gender identity of seven women with moderate to severe intellectual disability, attending an environmental self-care house. Selected fragments of conducted interviews exposed participants’ individual perceptions of femininity. Those results were then connected to a chosen conception of emancipation.

14

(Nie)normalność w społecznym zwierciadle. Opresyjne wzory, podziały oraz projekty cielesności jako kontekst doświadczenia kobiet z widoczną niepełnosprawnością

61%

Wojtyła A.

Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej

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2013

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nr 3

101-124

EN

The article discusses the perception of physical otherness. The author compares theoretical knowledge regarding the mechanisms according to which stereotypes function with the empirical approach to the concept of femininity. The content of the article is intended to provoke reflection on the condition of value system in the society and to show the complexity behind the gender-related aspects of self-identity. The core of this analysis is to answer the question: ‘What lays the basis for the sense of femininity?’; especially for disabled people, a group which seems to somehow diverge from commonly accepted norms. Research findings quoted In the article allow to approach the problem from a different perspective in order to rediscover the power of femininity which comes primarly from non-physical traits. The author’s intention is to show what criteria of judgement are used in the contemporary society, as well as to emphasize the importance of the often ignored phenomenon discussed in the article.

15

„Skazani na samotność?” O konsekwencjach izolacji społecznej w wybranych jej kontekstach

61%

Skibińska B.

Studia Edukacyjne

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2017

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nr 44

265-284

EN

Today, disturbingly often, it is possible to witnesses the effects of stigma and exclusion not only of the individual, but of whole groups of people, the result of reinforced, persistent stereotypes and prejudices about the subjects mentioned. They cause wrong social attitudes, expressed by the deprivation of the isolated persons of their rights to create and nurture relationships based on closeness and love, and often doom these people to a life of total seclusion. This article is an attempt to show the far-reaching consequences of depriving persons with intellectual disabilities and denying the right of self-expression. It is also a critical reflectionon the irregularities experienced by people, towards whom it is introduced, in terms of institutional isolation. At the same time, by presenting the results of personal research and conclusions, attention is being drawn to the fact that in our society there is an emerging hope for positive changes in the daily treatment of the socially isolated individuals. Yet, there is a constant need for a continuous reinforcement of the public awareness of the fact that the reintegration of these excluded individuals in the community benefits both the parties involvedTaking up the theme of stigma and social exclusion of persons with intellectual disabilities and convicts is considered important and relevant, as this is an issue which remains topical and gives rise to multiple moral dilemmas.

16

Piętno a wartość języka. Sytuacja gwar małopolskich na Bukowinie rumuńskiej

60%

Stempel-Gancarczyk K.

Adeptus

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2020

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nr 15

EN

Stigma versus Value of the Language: The Situation of Polish Dialects in Romanian BukovinaThis article presents the current situation of users of local dialects of the Lesser Poland regional dialect of Polish (gwary małopolskie) in Romanian Bukovina. Owing to demographic processes as well as social and cultural conditions, their number continues to fall. The latest research indicates that in the case of several villages with the Polish population it is difficult to talk about local dialects anymore: they have been substituted with what can be more adequately referred to as “a group of idiolects”. Such communities in Romanian Bukovina are composed of people whose ancestors originally came from the Lesser Poland region in Poland. By contrast, Bukovinian highlanders are the only group of Poles in Romania in which local dialect is still passed between generations. The article attempts to answer the question why only in this group the dialectal speech of their ancestors has remained a value, as apparent in its intergenerational transmission. Piętno a wartość języka. Sytuacja gwar małopolskich na Bukowinie rumuńskiejArtykuł zawiera opis współczesnej sytuacji socjolingwistycznej użytkowników gwar małopolskich na Bukowinie rumuńskiej. Procesy demograficzne oraz uwarunkowania społeczno-kulturowe sprawiły, że liczba ich użytkowników jest coraz mniejsza. Jak udowadniają najnowsze badania, w wypadku niektórych miejscowości zamieszkałych przez Polaków trudno już mówić o gwarach – ze względu na liczbę użytkowników bardziej adekwatnym określeniem może wydawać się określenie „zespół idiolektów”. Do tego typu społeczności należą użytkownicy gwar małopolskich na Bukowinie rumuńskiej. Niejako w opozycji do nich sytuują się górale bukowińscy, jedyna grupa Polaków w Rumunii, w której obecna jest pokoleniowa transmisja gwary. Zasadniczą treścią artykułu jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, jakie czynniki sprawiły, że tylko w tej grupie użytkowników język przodków pozostał żywotną wartością, co przejawia się w obecności transmisji pokoleniowej gwary.

17

Koleiny i bezdroża widzialności. Osoby niewidome wobec widzenia i bycia widzialnym

60%

Pietrowiak K.

Lud

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2015

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tom 99

271-295

EN

In this article, I draw on my research into the lives of blind people that has been conducted since 2011. Research participants consist of twenty two persons aged 18-43 living in Poland; most of them have been blind since their birth or early childhood. In my research I mainly focus on the diversity of strategies and tactics, which help blind individuals to construct their own lives, manage relations with other people and institutions,and relate to their own sense of otherness. In this article, I analyse experiences of the blind against the background of values and meanings attributed to the sense of sight and the concept of seeing and being visible in Western culture. Thus, the article aims at answering the following research questions: How do the blind understand and imagine the mechanism of vision and the ability to see? How do they utilise this knowledge for their own needs? How do they use words and expressions based on visual association and metaphors? How do they understand the elements of nonverbal communication, facial expressions, and gesticulation? How do they understand the concepts of appearance and image? In the process of describing the participants’ opinions and feelings, I attend to the stages and dimensions of this ‘visual socialisation’ of the blind and juxtapose it with a number of broader issues, such as disability, stigma management, femininity, and gender.

18

Self-injuries in adolescents: social competence, emotional intelligence, and stigmatization

60%

Kulikowska A. , Pokorski M.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

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2008

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tom 59

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nr 6

383-392

19

Stygmatyzacja a dobrostan chorych psychicznie – aspekty pastoralne

60%

Klimek J.

Polonia Sacra

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2020

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tom 24

|

nr 3

EN

The article, basing on researches, shows how, multidimensional stigmatization has an impact on the process of recovery for mentally ill persons. There is presented the social view of the mentally ill persons and its impact on auto-stigmatization of the patients. There is also described the complex situation of the families of mentally ill persons and the meaning of the “society network” in the recovery process. All these, in the context of responsibilities and possibilities of local (parish) and particular community (diocese) of the Church. Thanks to the stable (theologically, socially and economically) structures of its community, the Church significantly can enrich and stabilize the network of society of the mentally ill patients, what is very important in the process of their recovery and has fundamental impact for their welfare.

PL

W artykule na podstawie badań przedstawiono wpływ wielowymiarowego i wieloetapowego zjawiska stygmatyzacji chorych psychicznie na proces zdrowienia. Zarysowano społeczny obraz chorych psychicznie (stereotypy) i jego wpływ na autostygmatyzację. Przedstawiono złożoną sytuację rodzin chorych psychicznie i znaczenie sieci społecznej w procesie zdrowienia. Wszystko w kontekście zadań i możliwości wspólnoty lokalnej (parafia) i partykularnej (diecezje) Kościoła. Dzięki stabilnym (teologicznie, społecznie, ekonomicznie) strukturom wspólnotowym Kościół może w istotny sposób ubogacać i stabilizować sieć społeczną pacjentów chorych psychicznie. Jest to bardzo ważne w procesie zdrowienia i ma fundamentalny wpływ na ich dobrostan.

20

Associations of time perspectives and attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help

60%

Kiss D. , Szél Z. , Gyarmathy A. V. , Rácz J.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2020

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tom 51

|

nr 1