Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Relation between vegetation, soil nutrient content and salinity in an estuarine mangrove swamp in West Africa

100%

Ukpong I.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

1998

|

tom Vol. 46, no 1

65-73

EN

The vegetation, nutrient status and salinity variation of soils from a mangrove swamp in West Africa were studied. Nypa fruticans was the dominant species of the tree layer, in association with Rhizophoraspp, and Avicennia africana. The fern Acrostichum aureum dominated the ground layer. The soils had a high cation exchange capacity (21.8-53.6 me . 100 g'-1), with magnesium and calcium as the predominant cations. Lowest values occurred in Nypa fruticans soils while highest values occurred in Avicennia/Rhizophora mangle soils. Phosphorus values were high for Pandanus and Raphia soil (10.5-18.9 ugml'-1). High levels of total nitrogen (0.13-1.16%) werw restricted to Pandanus soils. Salinity gradients were accounted for by seasonal freshwater inputs and subsurface seepage. Apart fron variation in phosphorus and organic carbon, the nutrient content of the soils showed little relationship to community assemblages and should be related to such habitat variables as tidal inundation, physiography, climate and soil drainage.

2

Relationship between plant species richness and age of woodland patches (Ojcow National Park, Poland)

75%

Moszkowicz L.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2014

|

tom 62

|

nr 4

EN

Woodlands in different regions of Central Europe are mosaics diversified by floristic richness and age. The age of woodlands is understanded as the period of permanent existence of woodland phytocenosies, or at least a woodland site, without any transformations, even for a short period of time, to agricultural fields or any other areas managed in different ways. Forests which occur in identical habitats are often differentiated of their species richness. Data gathered from studies carried out to date, indicate that the age of a forest plays a significant role in the way plant communities develop. This relationship, however, is modified by a number of other factors. In this paper, an attempt was made to answer the following questions: 1) are there any differences in this relationship between woodland age and richness, and species composition of recent and ancient forests, 2) does the age of a forest affect the richness of vascular plant species in the layers of their vertical structure, the number of species of various phytosociological groups, 3) which of the selected factors affecting the processes of migration and colonization, alongside age, affect the richness of species noted in forest communities. The Ojców National Park (OPN) was chosen as a study area because its forests are diversified by age, from the younger than 71 to the older than 216 years and because the history of the forests there have been well documented. Age of selected woodland patches was determined using a ‘Map of distribution woodlands of different age in the Ojców National Park’, whereas the remaining factors were either measured or determined in the field or using available sources. In order to establish relationships, a multiple regression model was used.The results obtained in the study prove that, in OPN, the age of the forest is the principal factor affecting the overall number of vascular species. Old forests are most abundant in species, and many plant taxa occur only in such forests. Within the same age classes, the number of taxa is often diversified because of the impact of habitat factors e.g., humidity, and it is also linked to the history of the development of these forests. The factors which affect the species richness in a particularly beneficial way is the presence of rocks, as well as the diverse relief of a given area. Much less significant are exposure and inclination of the terrain. The age of a forest significantly affects the number of species in the herb layer, whereas it does not demonstrate significant correlations with respect to shrub or tree layers. The number of species in fertile deciduous forests are also positively affected, whereas no such relations were found in coniferous forest species. The results also indicate that the forest’s surface area, along with a specific combination of factors, may only have a limited effect on the richness of plant species in the area.

3

The relation between crop yield and consumption of mineral fertilisers in Slovakia over the last decade

75%

Torma S.

Nawozy i Nawożenie

|

2000

|

tom 02

|

nr 3b

4

Nutrient balances (NPK) for representative farms in Czech Republic, Latvia, Poland and Slovak Republic

63%

Bujnovsky R. , Igras J.

Nawozy i Nawożenie

|

2001

|

tom 03

|

nr 2[07]

5

Responses of old-field vegetation to spatially homogenous or heterogenous fertilization: implications for resources utilization and restoration

63%

Du F. , Xu X. , Zhang X. , Shao M. , Hu L. , Shan L.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2012

|

tom 60

|

nr 1

EN

A vailability and heterogeneity of resources have a strong influence on community biomass and diversity, which provided a valuable opportunity to evaluate the responses of vegetation on fertilization, to test whether fertilisation can accelerate vegetation restoration in infertile lands. In loess hilly region of China, most newly abandoned infertile lands often undergo heavy soil erosion. It is urgent to promote the restoration of these types of lands. As availability and heterogeneity of soil nutrients have a strong influence on plant community, we conducted a fertilisation experiment with three-factor treatments, to test whether fertilisation can promote the biomass and species richness of an Artemisia scoparia-dominated old field community. The three factors were: spatial patterns (homogeneity and heterogeneity), levels (low, medium and high), and scales (three levels with small, intermediate, and large patches) of fertiliser application. Aboveand below-ground biomass and species richness were recorded. The responses of the plant community to the three factors were evaluated and compared with those of the control (no fertilisation). The results show that: (1) The application of fertiliser in either homogeneous or heterogeneous pattern significantly increased the above-ground and below-ground biomass of the plant community as compared with the control. (2) In heterogeneous conditions, the above-ground biomass in nutrient-rich patches was significantly greater than the expected value of 50%. Under intermediate and large scales of the low level and all scales of the medium and high levels, the proportion of 0–15 cm below-ground biomass was also significantly greater than 50%. (3) Both homogeneous and heterogeneous fertilisation greatly increased community richness as compared to the control. Fertilisation, particularly heterogeneous fertilisation, can effectively increase community biomass and diversity. Under patchy habitat, it seems that the responses of vegetation to heterogeneous fertilisation are related to the patches scale and the contrast among patches, nutrient usage efficiency, edge effects on plant and soil, and plant competition are responsible for the responses. The results also suggest that heterogeneous fertilisation should be applied widely in infertile old fields to accelerate secondary succession.

6

Analysis of root system architecture affected by swarming behavior

63%

Li S. , Yu W. , Liu X. , Wang M.

Journal of Horticultural Research

|

2020

|

tom 28

|

nr 1

7

Application of sewage sludge to improve of soil quality by make use of model plant energy

63%

Grzesik M. , Romanowska-Duda Z. , Andrzejczak M. E. , Woznicki P. , Warzecha D.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

|

2007

|

tom 29

|

nr 1 Suppl.

8

Life history strategy influences biomass allocation in response to limiting nutrients and water in an arid system

63%

Mao W. , Allington G. , Li Y.-L. , Zhang T.-H. , Zhao X.-Y. , Wang S.-K.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2012

|

tom 60

|

nr 3

EN

The optimal partitioning theory (OPT) predicts that a plant should allocate relatively more biomass to the organs that acquire the most limiting resource. However, variation in biomass allocation among plant parts can also occur as a plant grows in size. As an alternative approach, allometric biomass partitioning theory (APT) asserts that plants should trade off their biomass between roots, stems and leaves, and this approach can minimize bias when comparing biomass allocation patterns by accounting for plant size in the analysis. We analyzed the biomass allocation strategy of the two species: annual Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv and perennial Pennisetum centrasiaticum Tzvel from the Horqin Sandy Land of northern China by treating them with different availabilities of soil nutrient and water (added in summer and winter), and hypothesized that the two species have different patterns of biomass allocation strategy in response to different soil water content and soil nitrogen content. After taking plant size into account, the biomass allocation strategy of S. viridis and P. centrasiaticum differed in response to nitrogen and water; leaves and root:shoot ratio (RTS) of S. viridis were “true” in response to various soil nitrogen contents. The plasticity of roots was also “true” in response to fluctuation in soil water content. However, P. centrasiaticum showed a different pattern with no shift of biomass allocation strategy in response to nitrogen and water. Adjustment in organs biomass allocation pattern of S. viridis in response to nitrogen and water limitation was dramatic, this suggested that S. viridis support optimal partitioning theory (OPT). P. centrasiaticum has better tolerance to varied environments and more likely support the allometric biomass partitioning theory (APT), this characteristic may allow P. centrasiaticum to keep dominance in fragile habitats.

9

Species richness and diversity related to anthropogenic soil disturbance in abandoned meadows in the Bieszczady Mts. [Eastern Carpathians]

63%

Korzeniak J.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

|

2005

|

tom 74

|

nr 1

EN

The study was focused on soil factors influencing species richness and diversity after disturbance of the substrate followed by abandonment. Two types of disturbances in the past were considered: the removal of trees and shrubs with the resulting major destruction of soils, and deep ploughing. As a control meadows not covered by any management schemes for 50 years were studied. The topsoil stripping resulted in decrease of potassium, nitrogen and organic carbon contents, while deep ploughing caused less radical effects. Simultaneously, disturbances of the soil delayed the course of succession, and brought increase in species. The most species-rich are ploughed meadows. No differences in terms of species diversity, domination and evenness between the forms of disturbances were identified. However, there were groups of species indicative for soil disturbances. Analysis of the relationships between vegetation differentiation and the properties of soil suggests that available phosphorus may affect species richness and diversity in mountain meadows.

10

Effects of long-term agricultural land use on soil properties along the Austrian-Hungarian border. Part II. Soil chemical, microbiological and zoological parameters

63%

Rampazzo N. , Rajkai K. , Blum W. E. H. , Varallyay G. , Ubleis T.

International Agrophysics

|

1999

|

tom 13

|

nr 2

11

Nutrient losses in runoff and eroded sediments from soils of Central Eastern Nigeria

63%

Igwe C. A.

Polish Journal of Soil Science

|

2000

|

tom 33

|

nr 1

12

Species diversity of submontane grasslands: effects of topographic and soil factors

51%

Kopec M. , Zarzycki J. , Gondek K.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2010

|

tom 58

|

nr 2

EN

The grassland ecosystems generally, and the submontane meadow vegetationparticularly, are important components of the natural diversity of landscape. In the montane range (600–1000 m a.s.l.) (Beskidy Mts. Southern Poland) the richness (number of species) and the diversity (assessed with several indices) of meadow vegetation (permanent grassland and formerly arable land) were studies on 356 plots of 100 m² each using the method of Braun-Blanquet. The correlation with several topographic factors (altitude, inclination, exposure), as well as with soil chemical factors (pH, nutrient like P and other macroelements content) was elaborated and the Ellenberg’s indicator values in respect to moisture, acidity and fertility were calculated. It was found that the main factor diminishing species diversity was the increasing of altitude from 343 m to 963 m and soil acidification from 3.4 to 6.5. No significant difference was noted between the diversity indexes (Shannon-Wiener and Simpson) of three study communities. The soil fertility affected the number of species in the plant communities in the opposite way. In the case of communities of Molinio-Arhenatheretea class occurring on more fertile habitats, fertility increase caused a decline in the number of species, whereas in the communities from Nardo-Callunetea class developed on extremely poor habitats – the number of species was growing with increasing fertility

13

Effects of Salix sphaeronymphe Gorz shrubs on herbaceous community in forest secondary succession (Tibetan Plateau)

51%

Wang Y. , Bao W. , Wu N.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2011

|

tom 59

|

nr 3

EN

In the present study, we selected a total of 26 Salix sphaeronymphe Gorz shrubs of various sizes on a cutover in the eastern Tibetan Plateau to evaluate the effects of shrub size on richness, cover and biomass of the understorey herbaceous community, grasses and forbs, as well as litter cover and biomass. Results indicated that the richness of herbaceous community, grasses and forbs significantly increased with the increased area of both undershrub canopies and open field. However, the cover and biomass of the herbaceous community beneath the shrub canopies decreased with increasing shrub size. Grasses and forbs, as different functional groups, responded differently to the increasing area of shrubs: the cover and biomass of grasses decreased while those of forbs increased. The cover and biomass of herbaceous community, grasses and forbs in the open field did not obviously vary with area. Under the shrub canopies, the cover and mass of litter positively correlated to area, but this was not the case in the open field. Our results suggest that shrubs have a positive effect on diversity and a negative effect on the cover and productivity of the herbaceous community in forest secondary succession on the alpine cutovers, and that these effects are size–dependent. Moreover, different functional groups of herbaceous plants can respond differently to the presence of shrubs.

14

Comprehensive solution of the problem of acidification of soils in the province of Silesia caused by anthropogenic transformations

51%

Jackowska I. , Kaczor A.

Acta Agrophysica. Rozprawy i Monografie

|

2010

|

nr 7[186]

15

Effects of global risks – nitrogen additions on growth and competitive relations among invasive and native congeneric species – Bidens frondosa

51%

Pan Y. , Tang S. , Wei C. , Li X.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2016

|

tom 64

|

nr 4

EN

Human activity has greatly increased the amount of biologically available nitrogen entering the natural environment. Addition of N can affect growth of and competitive interactions between native and invasive plants, thus increasing or decreasing the risk of invasion by alien species. Bidens frondosa is an invasive weed native to North America that recently has begun to spread in China. The influence of soil nutrient content on B. frondosa invasion has not yet been reported. In a common garden experiment, we compared the growth and competitive effects between B. frondosa and its co-occurring native congeners — B. tripartita and B. biternata — under three N levels (0 g m⁻², 1 g m⁻², 5 g m⁻²) to assess whether increased levels of N modifies risk of B. frondosa invasion. Our results showed that while N additions increased both the growth and competitive advantage of B. frondosa as compared with that of the native congener species, results are particularly pronounced under high N levels. While growth responses to N addition varied little among invasive populations under high N levels, the competitive effect of B. frondosa did vary among populations and was significantly greater than that of the congeners. Anthropogenic N additions are likely to increase risks of B. frondosa invasions. Thus, management efforts should focus on the reduction of N input to ecosystems to mitigate invasions by B. frondosa.

16

Warming effects on plant growth, soil nutrients, microbial biomass and soil enzymes activities of two alpine meadows in Tibetan Plateau

51%

Li N. , Wang G. X. , Gao Y. H. , Wang J. F.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2011

|

tom 59

|

nr 1

EN

The aim of this study was to assess initial effects of warming on the plant growth, soil nutrient contents, microbial biomass and enzyme activities of two most widespread ecosystem types: swamp meadow (deep soil, high water content) and alpine meadow (poor soil, low water content), in the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (altitude 4600–4800 m a.s.l.) The temperature of air and upper soil layer was passively enhanced using open-top chambers (OTCs) (50 cm high with 60 cm at opening and constructed of 6 mm thick translucent synthetic glass) from 2006 to 2008. The use of OTCs clearly raised temperature and decreased soil moisture. In warmed plots, monthly mean air temperature was increased by 2.10oC and 2.28oC, soil moisture of 20 cm soil layer was decreased by 2.5% and 3.9% in alpine meadow and swamp meadow, respectively. Plant biomass significantly increased by 31% in alpine meadow and 67% in swamp meadow. Warming also affected soil microbial biomass C and N at both meadows. In swamp meadow, warming caused the decrease of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in 0–5 cm layer and an increase in 5–20 cm. While in alpine meadow, these soil parameters increased in 0–5 cm layer and decreased in 5–20 cm layer. The effects of warming on enzyme activities differed depending on the enzyme and the meadow ecosystem. In general, enzyme activities were higher in the upper soil layers (0–5 cm) than in the lower soil layers (5–20 cm). The experiment results exhibited that warming improved the soil biochemical and microbiological conditions in high- mountain meadows, at least in the short term.

17

Leaf nitrogen resorption pattern along habitats of semi-arid sandy land with different nitrogen status

51%

Luo Y. , Zhao X. , Zuo X. , Zhang J. , Liu R. , Wang S.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2010

|

tom 58

|

nr 4

EN

To assess nitrogen (N) resorption patterns in semi-arid sandy land, N concentrations in green leaves (Ng) and senesced leaves (Ns) of 35 species of shrubs and herbages were measured along habitats of decreasing soil total N (0.54 to 0.041 g g⁻¹ d.w. of top soil level) in Horqin Sandy Land (Inner Mongolia, China). These habitats are following: inter-dune grassland (IDG), fixed sand dune (FD), semi-fixed sand dune (SFD), semi-mobile sand dune (SMD), and mobile sand dune (MD) were considered. Results showed that Ng and Ns (i.e. nitrogen resorption proficiency, NRP) increased and leaf nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) decreased significantly with increasing soil N status across the above habitas, but nitrogen resorption efficiency (NRE) was not affected. The levels of Ng, Ns and NUE experience two stages across habitats: first, there were low Ng and Ns and high NUE in MD and SMD; second, there were high Ng and Ns and low NUE in IDG, FD and SFD. Plants from IDG, FD and SFD had incomplete N resorption during foliar senescence, but plants from MD and SMD had complete N resorption. Leaf NRE was determined by life forms which had no significant effect on Ng but on Ns and NUE. For all plants in the five habitats, NRE and NUE decreased with the sequence of grass, herb, shrub, while Ns showed a contrary tendency. Plants from strong N limitation habitats did not show higher NRE, but showed higher NRP and leaf NUE, so NRP was a more sensitive indicator of changes in N status than NRE. In conclusion, Leaf N resorption patterns were mainly determined by soil N status across habitats, and there were some consistent patterns among life forms.

18

Foliar resorption of nutrients in selected sympatric tree species in gallery forest [Black Sea Region]

51%

Ozbucak T. B. , Kutbay H. G. , Kilic D. , Korkmaz H. , Bilgin A. , Yalcin E. , Apaydin Z.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2008

|

tom 56

|

nr 2

227-237

EN

Gallery forests in Central Black Sea Region are dominated by Platanus orientalis L. The studies were performed in four sites (Mert River, Adalar, Kurupelit and Taflan Regions) located in V-shaped river valleys and differing with soil conditions. Nutrient concentrations were measured in green and senescent leaves in selected sympatric tree species. Foliar nutrient resorption efficiency (RE; as the ratio of the resorbed amounts of nutrient losses during the leaf senescence to its prior amount deposited in the leaves) and proficiency (RP; the level to which nutrient content per unit leaf mass, mg g⁻¹, has been reduced in senescent leaves) were examined in several sympatric species. The high nitrogen resorption efficiency (N-RE) (62%) were found in Hedera helix L., while the lowest (40%) – in Salix alba L. The phosphorus resorption efficiency (P-RE) ranged between 35% (Rubus discolor Weithe and Nees) and 50% (S. alba) and that of potassium (K-RE) ranged between 49% (S. alba) and 62% (Robinia pseudoacacia L.). The different trend was observed in the values of proficiency (RP). The high nitrogen resorption proficiency (N-RP) ranged between 10 mg g⁻¹ (Clematis vitalba L.) and 18 mg g⁻¹ (R. discolor). The high phosphorus resorption proficiency (P-RP) was found in R. discolor (0.5 mg g⁻¹) similar to N-RP. The lowest P-RP was found in R. pseudoacacia (0.3 mg g⁻¹) like K-RP (5 mg g⁻¹). The high K-RP (10 mg g⁻¹) was found in H. helix. There is no significant difference between four study sites. Soil N, P and organic matter concentrations were significantly correlated with green-leaf N, P and K concentrations. Significant correlations were also found between K-RP and soil nutrient concentrations and soil moisture. However, no significant correlations were found among green-leaf nutrient concentrations, RE, RP and soil nutrient concentrations and moisture.

19

The use of soil parameters in predicting weed infestation in Maize (Zea mays L.)

51%

Adesina G. O. , Oyeyiola Y. B. , Adelasoye K. A. , Akin A. F.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

|

2015

|

tom 44

EN

A field work was carried out to investigate the extent to which selected soil chemical properties can influence weed species distribution. There were sixteen treatments of two factors (Fertilizer type and weeding regimes) laid out in RCBD. The treatments included four fertilizer types; no fertilizer (F1), inorganic fertilizer – NPK 15:15:15 applied at 100 kg NPK/ha (F2), organic fertilizer – phosphocompost applied at 2.5 t/ha and organomineral – 50% NPK 15:15:15 plus 50% phosphocompost. Four weeding regimes: weedy treatment (W1), weeding once (W2), weeding twice (W3) and weed free (W4). Weed free and weed once significantly improved maize growth and yield parameter under inorganic and organomineral fertilizer types. Increasing soil pH, organic carbon and available phosphorus significantly reduced total weed biomass with plot that received no fertilizer been responsible for highest weed population. In organic fertilizer treatment significantly reduced soil pH from the initial 6.5 to 6.0 though, it combination with weed once or weed twice gave highest grain yield. Better nutrition (in terms of improved soil nutrient especially macro nutrient and organic carbon) when combined with weeding once can ascertain proper weed management and sustainable maize production.

20

Effect of patchy distribution of soil nutrients on root morphology and biomass allocation of selected grassland species: experimental approach

51%

Zaller J. G.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2007

|

tom 55

|

nr 4

EN

Nutrient distribution in natural habitats is usually patchy in space and time, however most knowledge about plant growth and behaviour is based on experiments conducted under spatially homogenous conditions. Evidence has accumulated that the growth and competitive interaction of plant species are strongly affected by heterogeneous rather than homogeneous resource distribution, even when the total resource supply remains similar. For this study it is hypothesized that infestations of grasslands with the nitrophilous weed Rumex obtusifolius L. (broadleaved dock) are partially the consequence of its ability to exploit spatial nutrient heterogeneity. This was tested in a full-factorial pot experiment with homogeneously or heterogeneously distributed nitrogen and/or potassium at either normal or increased soil moisture where R. obtusifolius was grown together with three other grassland species (grass: Arrhenatherum elatius L., non-leguminous herb: Taraxacum officinale Weber, leguminous herb: Trifolium repens L.). The species differed significantly in their root morphology (root length and diameter, specific root length, number of root tips) and biomass allocation response to nutrient distribution, as well as to the nutrient type used to create patches and to soil moisture (e.g., significant species × treatment interactions). Generally, the root system of A. elatius showed the highest plasticity to imposed treatments, followed by T. officinale, R. obtusifolius and T. repens. Unexpectedly, root morphology of R. obtusifolius was unresponsive to soil heterogeneity and less responsive to nutrient type and irrigation than that of the other species. Nutrient type used to create patches influenced the biomass allocation to the root system of R. obtusifolius while nutrient distribution and irrigation showed no effect on biomass allocation. Exploitation of soil nitrate-nitrogen and potassium was similar among species but exploitation was individually affected by nutrient type, nutrient distribution and irrigation suggesting that species-specific differences in nutrient storage capacities in roots or adjustments regarding root nutrient uptake kinetics may play an important role. Results from this study show that R. obtusifolius does not seem to have superior traits to utilize soil nutrient heterogeneity, certain nutrient types or higher soil moisture that differentiates it from the other grassland species tested. The observed effects might have consequences for the long-term competitive relationships between species in the grassland community suggesting that cultural and biological management measures oriented towards the improvement of the competitive ability of co-occurring grassland species might also be important in heterogeneous soils.