Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

WHAT DOES POST-EXERCISE PROTEINURIA TELL US ABOUT KIDNEYS?

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Wołyniec W. , Ratkowski W. , Zorena K. , Januszczyk J. , Kuźbicka K. , Urbański R. , Tkachenko-Rita P. , Renke M. , Rachoń D.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

|

2016

|

tom 14

|

nr 2

93 - 100

EN

Objectives. Post exercise proteinuria (PEP) is found in about 20–40% of sportsmen after intensive exercise. Urinary NGAL is a new marker of tubulointerstitial kidney damage. The relationship between PEP and uNGAL has not been defined yet. In presented study a resting uNGAL as a predictor of PEP was analyzed. The changes of albuminuria after exercise were monitored to estimate a frequency and range of PEP. Methods. 40 amateur healthy runners (mean age 36.65 ±10.61 years) participating in 10-km run took part in the study. Before and after the competition urine was collected. NGAL, albumin and creatinine were subsequently measured in urine. uNGAL to creatinine ratio (NCR) and albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) were calculated. Results. 28 participants (mean age 37.9 ±11.46, 19 M, 9 F) with uNGAL below 15 ng/ml before competition were analyzed. The increase of ACR was observed in every case. Mean post-exercise ACR was 104.55 ±123.1 mg/g and was significantly higher than pre-exercise ACR 6.33 ±5.86 mg/g (p < 0.0005). The positive correlation was found between resting NCR and post-exercise ACR (r = 0.60, p < 0.05). Conclusions. Resting uNGAL positively correlated with PEP. The possible explanation of these findings is that persons with PEP had some early, occult tubulointersitial kidney damage. It is speculated that those runners have higher risk of chronic kidney disease.

2

Sex Differences In Shock Attenuation During Running

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Sinclair J.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

|

2016

|

tom 15

|

nr 3

37-42

EN

The current investigation was conducted to determine whether sex differences in skeletal accelerations and shock attenuation were evident during running. Twelve male and twelve female recreational runners ran at 4.0 m.s-1. Axial accelerations were measured at 1,000 Hz using accelerometers mounted at the tibia and sacrum. Peak tibial and sacrum axial accelerations were obtained and utilized to calculate the extent of shock attenuation. The results showed that peak sacrum accelerations were significantly larger in female runners (5.16 ±0.64 g) compared to males (4.37 ±0.75 g). It was also shown that shock attenuation (31.90 ±19.85%) was significantly lower in female runners in relation to males (47.89 ±11.46%). The findings from the current investigation indicate that female runners experience greater skeletal accelerations which may place greater stress on the musculoskeletal structures required attenuate transients forces which can be detrimental to passive tissues.

3

Statistical Description of Arrival Sequences in Amateur Long-Distance Races

100%

Białek B.

Physical Activity Review

|

2017

|

tom 5

44-53

EN

In this paper, we analyze data sets, collected from the public web sites, containing the finishers arrival times in five different half marathons. We focus on finding patterns in the arrival times distributions as well as on studying the differences between the female and male runners’ arrival times distributions. The main statistical tools used are Analysis of Variance and Kolmogorov - Smirnov test for identifying underlying distributions and for comparing distributions of two samples. The obtained results indicate that the dynamics of groups of female runners is different than that of male runners. Also, a meaningful factor for the sha pe of the distribution is time limit set by the races organizers.

4

Effect of Added Weights on the Characteristics of Vertical Ground Reaction Force During Walk-to-Run Gait Transition

100%

Nimbarte A. , Li L.

Human Movement

|

2011

|

tom 12

|

nr 1

81-87

EN

Purpose. In this study, the effect of added weights on the various force and time related characteristics of vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) during the last five steps prior to walk-to-run transition was studied. Basic procedures. Experimental set up consisted of a force platform embedded treadmill. Sixteen college students performed experimental trials by carrying 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of their body weight. During each trial, after walking for about 30 seconds the speed of the treadmill was increased manually at a rate of 0.089 m/s/s (0.2 miles/hour) until the participant started running. Main findings. A significant interaction (weights × steps) was observed for the first peak of VGRF. The trough, second peak, impulse, and rate of force development of VGRF increased with added weights. During the last five walking steps, most of VGRF parameters changed in a nonlinear fashion. Conclusions. Based on the behavior of VGRF parameters and manually recorded preferred transition speed values, we argue that the added weights would reduce the walk-to-run transition speed. We further speculate that a combination of transition determinants actively participate in the reorganization process during the last five walking steps, prompting the gait transition.

5

Ultra Distance Running in View of Health and Amateur Sport

100%

Nowak P.

Human Movement

|

2010

|

tom 11

|

nr 1

37-41

EN

Purpose. The aim of the study was to examine opinions of runners regarding the effects of ultra distance running on their health.Basic procedures. The study sample was a group of 54 runners, participants of the Polish Supermarathon Championships in Kalisz. The method of diagnostic poll was applied using author's own questionnaire.Main findings. The majority of extreme distance runners stated they experienced no health problems; keeping fit was their main motivation to run long distances and since taking up running their health had improved. At the same time 36% of the interviewees admitted that running longer distances than the marathon length may have a negative impact on their health.Conclusions. Proper understanding of the principles of amateur and professional sport is the basis of safe physical activity. Amateur sport activity is correlated with a healthy lifestyle and positively affects the physical and psychosocial aspects of health. Simple forms of motor activity should be popularized in Poland as well as professional sport.

6

The Effects of Various Running Inclines on Three-Segment Foot Mechanics and Plantar Fascia Strain

100%

Sinclair J. , Atkins S. , Vincent H.

Human Movement

|

2014

|

tom 15

|

nr 4

209-215

EN

Purpose. There has yet to be a combined analysis of three-dimensional multi-segment foot kinematics and plantar fascia strain in running gait at various degrees of inclination. The aim of the current study was therefore to investigate the above during treadmill running at different inclines (0°, 5°, 10° and 15°). Methods. Twelve male participants ran at 4.0 m · s-1 in the four different inclinations. Three-dimensional kinematics of the foot segments and plantar fascia strain were quantified for each incline and contrasted using one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results and conclusions. The results showed that plantar fascia strain increased significantly as a function of running incline. Given the projected association between plantar fascia strain and the aetiology of injury, inclined running may be associated with a greater incidence of injury to the plantar fascia.

7

Sex Variation in Patellar Tendon Kinetics During Running

100%

Sinclair J. , Taylor P. J.

Human Movement

|

2015

|

tom 16

|

nr 2

60-63

EN

Purpose. The aim of the current investigation was to determine whether female recreational runners exhibit distinct patellar tendon loading patterns in relation to their male counterparts. Methods. Twelve male (age 26.55 ± 4.11 years, height 1.78 ± 0.11 m, mass 77.11 ± 5.06 kg) and twelve female (age 26.67 ± 5.34 years, height 1.67 ± 0.12 m, mass 63.28 ± 9.75 kg) runners ran over a force platform at 4.0 m · s-1. Lower limb kinematics were collected using an eight-camera optoelectric motion capture system which operated at 250 Hz. Patellar tendon loads were examined using a predictive algorithm. Sex differences in limb, knee and ankle joint stiffness were examined statistically using independent samples t tests. Results. The results indicate that patellar tendon force (male = 6.49 ± 2.28, female = 7.03 ± 1.35) and patelllar tendon loading rate (male = 92.41 ± 32.51, female = 111.05 ± 48.58) were significantly higher in female runners. Conclusions. Excessive tendon loading in female runners indicates that female runners may be at increased risk of patellar tendon pathologies.

8

Effect of change in patellofemoral joint contact area by the decrease in vastus medialis muscle activation on joint stress

100%

Tomoya T. , Mutsuaki E. , Masayoshi K. , Takuma I.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2023

|

tom Vol. 25, no. 2

41--47

EN

Patellofemoral pain syndrome is a common orthopedic trauma among runners. It is unclear whether patellofemoral joint stress (PFJS) is the highest (or lowest) when the knee joint flexion angle and extension moment are in combination under the condition that vastus medialis (VM) activation decreases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of changes in the PFJ contact area by decreasing the activation of the VM muscle on PFJS. Methods: A PFJ sagittal model was used to quantify PFJ reaction force and PFJS. The PFJ model and mathematical modelling procedure were used to quantify PFJS based on previous studies. The simulation ranges were set to knee joint flexion angles of 10–45° and extension moments of 0–240 Nm. PFJS was calculated for the normal condition (NC) and decrease condition (DC) in VM activation. Results: When the knee joint angle and knee joint moment were at the maximum, the PFJS showed the maximum value under both conditions (NC; 14.9 N/cm2 , DC; 16.4 N/cm2 ). PFJS was found to be higher in DC than that in NC for all simulation ranges. Conclusion: Decreased VM activation may be involved in the mechanism of patellofemoral pain syndrome. In addition, the results of this study provide evidence that clinicians can enhance VM to relieve pain in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.

9

Relative Age Effect: A Systematic Discrimination against Biologically Younger Athletes

100%

Gioldasis A. , Bekris E. , Smirniotou A.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

|

2021

|

tom 35

|

nr 3

27-40

EN

Physical differences associated with birth-date among athletes of the same selection year have been described as the Relative Age Effect (RAE). The aim of this study was to examine whether RAE still exists in soccer and running sport disciplines as well as to evaluate its progress among different gender, age, and sport context and if it has an effect on performance. Using official archives of the international sports’ associations (World Athletics-UEFA), birthdates and performance were collected for 7226 athletes (4033 males; 3198 females) who participated in soccer and running events. A chi-square test was used to assess differences between observed and expected birth date distributions. The study showed an over-representation of athletes born in the first quarter of the selection year for both soccer and running events. RAE is more obvious in younger age groups and in sports that require higher explosive speed, strength, power and anaerobic capacity such as soccer and short distance sprints. It was also found that RAE is associated with performance. In conclusion, athletes of younger age groups with greater biological age have a physical advantage in explosive sports (i.e. soccer and short distance running) that probably does not predict their future development.

10

A comparison of two aerobic training methods (running vs rope jumping) on health-related physical fitness in 10 to 12 years old boys

100%

Arazi H. , Jalali-Fard A. , Abdinejad H.

Physical Activity Review

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2016

|

tom 4

9-17

EN

The purpose of this study was to compare of two aerobic training methods on health-related physical fitness in 10 to 12 years old boys. Thirty-three male students (age 11.27±0.64 year, weight 40.58±9.03 kg, height 151.45±6.34 cm) were recruited from preliminary school and randomly were assigned into rope-jump training (n=12), running training (n=11) and control (n=10) groups. Due to the grouping, each for 8 weeks did the rope jumping or running. Before and after the 8-week training period, factors of health-related fitness, including flexibility, muscular endurance, aerobic power and fat Percentage of the subjects were measured. The results indicated a significant positive effect of rope-jumping training on aerobic power, muscular endurance and body composition and meaningful improvement of aerobic power and body composition by running training (p≤0.05). Due to increasing urbanization and lack of space in homes and schools, rope-jump training can be a good alternative rather than running for physical fitness promotion.

11

Women as leaders of organising running events teams

100%

Waśkowski Z.

Marketing Instytucji Naukowych i Badawczych

|

2022

|

tom 45

|

nr 3

17-26

EN

Running is one of the most popular methods of spending time in active form in the world. The vast majority of managers who organise runs are former or actual runners. It is interesting to note that more men are leaders of teams which organise running events, while women as leaders are very rare. The main purpose of the research was to find the influence of sex of leader on the style of leadership, decision process and atmosphere in team. The author of this article conducted quality research using individual deep interview method. Data were collected from 23 individual deep interviews with managers of big running events organised in Poland, and 14 with the members of their teams. Currently, effective leaders should have competences different than what were prevalent 20–30 years ago. More important is, for example, emotional intelligence, empathy and interpersonal skills. Organisations operating in the amateur sport market have to build networking with many partners from the public and business sector, so leaders should concentrate on cooperating with stakeholders representing different expectations. Competences that women possess over men are required. Unlike other industries, in the running market there are very few women as leaders. Several reasons abound for this, some of which include economic and sociological grounds.

12

Economic Impact of the 11th Douro Valley Half Marathon

88%

Carvalho M. J. , Sousa M. , Paipe G. , Bavaresco G. , Felipe J. L.

|

tom 78

|

nr 1

41-49

13

O istotnych aspektach biegania w świetle leksyki socjolektalnej (na podstawie artykułów poświęconych treningom zamieszczonych na portalach biegowych)

88%

Kijak A.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza

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2015

|

tom 22

|

nr 2

169-182

PL

The aim of the article is to show the most important contemporary aspects of running on the basis of the most common sociolectal units. The analyzed material comes from articles concerning training found on websites for runners. The analysis conducted is a reconnaissance, thus the article contains only preliminary observations to serve as a contribution to further research.

14

Appropriate Loads for Peak-Power During Resisted Sprinting on a Non-Motorized Treadmill

88%

Andre M. J. , Fry A. C. , Lane M. T.

Journal of Human Kinetics

|

2013

|

tom 38

161-167

EN

The purpose of this study was to determine the load which allows the highest peak power for resisted sprinting on a non-motorized treadmill and to determine if other variables are related to individual differences. Thirty college students were tested for vertical jump, vertical jump peak and mean power, 10 m sprint, 20 m sprint, leg press 1 RM, leg press 1 RM relative to body weight, leg press 1 RM relative to lean body mass, leg press 1 RM power, and leg press power at 80% of 1 RM. Participants performed eight resisted sprints on a non-motorized treadmill, with increasing relative loads expressed as percent of body weight. Sprint peak power was measured for each load. Pearson correlations were used to determine if relationships between the sprint peak power load and the other variables were significant. The sprint peak power load had a mode of 35% with 73% of all participants having a relative sprint peak power load between 25-35%. Significant correlations occurred between sprint peak power load and body weight, lean body mass, vertical jump peak and mean power, leg press 1 RM, leg press 1 RM relative to lean body mass, leg press 1 RM power, and leg press power at 80% of 1 RM (r = 0.44, 0.43, 0.39, 0.37, 0.47, 0.39, 0.46, and 0.47, respectively). Larger, stronger, more powerful athletes produced peak power at a higher relative load during resisted sprinting on a nonmotorized treadmill.

15

The Test-Retest Reliability of Anatomical Co-Ordinate Axes Definition for the Quantification of Lower Extremity Kinematics During Running

88%

Sinclair J. , Taylor P. J. , Greenhalgh A. , Edmundson C. J. , Brooks D. , Hobbs S. J.

Journal of Human Kinetics

|

2012

|

tom 35

|

nr 1

15-25

EN

Three-dimensional (3-D) kinematic analyses are used widely in both sport and clinical examinations. However, this procedure depends on reliable palpation of anatomical landmarks and mal-positioning of markers between sessions may result in improperly defined segment co-ordinate system axes which will produce in-consistent joint rotations. This had led some to question the efficacy of this technique. The aim of the current investigation was to assess the reliability of the anatomical frame definition when quantifying 3-D kinematics of the lower extremities during running. Ten participants completed five successful running trials at 4.0 m·s-1 ± 5%. 3-D angular joint kinematics parameters from the hip, knee and ankle were collected using an eight camera motion analysis system. Two static calibration trials were captured. The first (test) was conducted prior to the running trials following which anatomical landmarks were removed. The second was obtained following completion of the running trials where anatomical landmarks were re-positioned (retest). Paired samples t-tests were used to compare 3-D kinematic parameters quantified using the two static trials, and intraclass correlations were employed to examine the similarities between the sagittal, coronal and transverse plane waveforms. The results indicate that no significant (p>0.05) differences were found between test and retest 3-D kinematic parameters and strong (R2≥0.87) correlations were observed between test and retest waveforms. Based on the results obtained from this investigation, it appears that the anatomical co-ordinate axes of the lower extremities can be defined reliably thus confirming the efficacy of studies using this technique.

16

Analyze of vertical acceleration of the body mass center during running on treadmill

75%

Staniak Z. , Buśko K. , Karpiłowski B. , Nosarzewski Z. , Witek K.

Zeszyty Naukowe Katedry Mechaniki Stosowanej / Politechnika Śląska

|

2006

|

tom z. 26

339-344

EN

The work presents analyze of vertical acceleration curve of the body mass center (VACM characteristic) obtained by eleven athletes during on treadmill running with gradual rise velocity. The measurements are made by uniaxial accelerometer placed in loins part of trunk near the center of body mass. The chosen value of characteristics was calculated for every single run with applied velocity of treadmill The velocity of treadmill of every run was significantly correlated to mean values of VACM characteristics calculated for all subjects. For every athletes analyzed mean values of characteristics calculated separately for left and right steps were significantly different.

17

Chest pain in an elite master ultra-marathon runner: a case report with a follow-up on his subsequent athletic activity

75%

Sadowska-Krępa E. , Kłapcińska B. , Gerasimuk D. , Rzetecki A. , Waśkiewicz Z. , Gąsior Z. , Żebrowska A. , Rosemann T. , Nikolaidis P. T. , Knechtle B.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

|

2020

|

tom 33

|

nr 4

523-534

EN

Ultra-marathon running has enjoyed increasing popularity, with the number of master ultra-marathon runners growing annually. This study presents a case of a 51-year-old highly experienced long-distance runner (body mass: 65.1 kg, body height: 168 cm), who took part in a 48-h ultra-marathon race held in 2010, but dropped out of the competition due to acute cardiac problems manifested after 16 h of running and having completed a distance of 129 km. Two weeks following the race, intense cardiac examination was performed to explain the drop-out due to chest pain. A 12‑lead electrocardiogram, a 2D transthoracic echocardiography in 3 apical projections of the left ventricle, a computed tomography of the chest, an invasive coronary angiography and a maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) test were performed. The 12-lead ECG revealed a negative T wave in III and aVF without morphological abnormalities. The echocardiographic examinations presented a normal size and function of the heart chambers, and a normal valvar structure and function (only trivial mitral and tricuspid regurgitation was observed). The invasive coronary arteriography – due to an increased calcium score in the CT scan – showed only a non-significant systolic dynamic narrowing in the eighth segment of the left anterior descending artery due to a muscle bridge. The physical performance characteristics of the athlete and a follow-up history of his athletic activity showed that the cardiac problems he had experienced during the ultra-marathon race did not prevent him from being active in sport.

18

Analiza zachowań hamulców elektromagnetycznych ciernych w warunkach nieustalonych

75%

Igielski J.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2006

|

tom R. 82, nr 10

29-33

PL

W artykule przedstawiono zachowania elektromagnetycznych hamulców ciernych proszkowych i płytkowych przeznaczonych do zadawania obciążenia w badaniach układów napędowych małej mocy. Wykazano, że na przebieg rozwijanego przez takie hamulce momentu będą miały wpływ zmiany wartości obrotowej oraz charakter narastania prądu wzbudzenia. Szybszą reakcją na pobudzenie charakteryzowały się hamulce płytkowe.

EN

The article presents the behavior of plate and powder electromagnetic friction brakes that are meant to introduce load in the research on low-power mechatronic devices. It has been showed that the course of torque developed in these kinds of brakes will influence the rotational speed value. It will be also significant in the increase of the field current. The plate brakes have reacted much faster on the stimulation reaction than the powder brakes.

19

Znaczenie racjonalnego żywienia w optymalizacji jakości życia osób rekreacyjnie uprawiających bieganie

75%

Miśniakiewicz M. , Hebda B.

Przedsiębiorstwo we współczesnej gospodarce - teoria i praktyka

|

2016

|

tom 1

|

nr 16

31-42

PL

W ostatnim czasie systematycznie rośnie w Polsce liczba osób rekreacyjnie uprawiających bieganie. W artykule przedstawiono specyfikę żywienia biegaczy i zaprezentowano wyniki badań własnych, których celem była analiza zachowań żywieniowych biegaczy amatorów. Ustalono ilość i regularność konsumowanych posiłków, preferowane rodzaje produktów żywnościowych, sposoby i stopień nawodniania organizmu oraz techniki kulinarne najczęściej stosowane w przygotowywaniu posiłków. Na podstawie zebranych danych dokonano analizy żywienia biegaczy przed treningiem/zawodami oraz po ich ukończeniu, określono główne źródła wiedzy na temat racjonalnego odżywiania oraz ustalono stosunek biegaczy do suplementacji diety. Określono wpływ żywienia na subiektywne odczucie biegaczy w zakresie poziomu jakości życia i poprawy zdolności wysiłkowych organizmu. Wykazano, że osoby odżywiające się racjonalnie wykazują większy poziom samozadowolenia i czerpią z biegania więcej satysfakcji niż te, które nie przykładają do tego zagadnienia większej uwagi. Poprawia się też w ich subiektywnym odczuciu kondycja. Biegacze wypijają niezależnie od fazy wysiłku fizycznego zbyt mało płynów, spożywają zbyt mało nabiału, jaj, owoców i warzyw, w ograniczonym stopniu stosują suplementację diety. Kobiety uprawiające bieganie do kwestii żywienia przykładają większą uwagę niż mężczyźni i dokonują bardziej świadomych wyborów żywieniowych.

EN

The number of recreational runners in Poland steadily grows in recent times. The article presents the specifics of runners’ nutrition and the results of own research aimed at analyzing the eating habits of amateur runners. The amount and regularity of consumed meals, preferred types of foodstuffs, methods and degree of organism watering and culinary techniques most commonly used in the meals preparation were determined. Based on the collected data the analysis of runners’ nutrition before training/competition and after it was completed. The main sources of knowledge on rational nutrition and runners’ attitude towards dietary supplementation were determined. It was possible to identify the influence of nutrition on the subjective feeling of runners’ quality of life and organism effort capacity. It was indicated that runners feeding rationally demonstrate a greater level of complacency and draw from running more satisfaction than those who do not attach more attention to this issue. The subjective perception of their conditions also improves. Runners regardless of the phase of exercise drink too little fluid and consume too little dairy products, eggs, fruits and vegetables. To a limited extent they use sports supplementation of the diet. Female runners pay to nutrition issue more attention than men and make more informed food choices.

20

The influence of minimalist and conventional sports shoes and lower limbs dominance on running gait

75%

Jandova S. , Volf P. , Vaverka F.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2018

|

tom Vol. 20, no. 3

3--9

EN

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine how minimalist running shoes (MRS), conventional running shoes (CRS) and the dominance of lower limbs influence the running gait. Methods: Trained recreational runners (N = 13) who have been engaged in regulary running for more than one year were participants in this study. They were experienced with using MRS and CRS for more than half year and they used both types of shoes. An in-shoe pressure measuring system (Pedar-X®, Novel, Munich, Germany) was used to monitor plantar pressure and vertical force and the temporal parameters when running in MRS and CRS during the stance phase, the swing phase and over one stride. Results: Running in CRS significantly prolonged stance, swing and stride phases by 2–11% compared to MRS. In contrast, when running in MRS significantly larger values of maximum pressure (9–14%) and maximum vertical force (3–7%) than in CRS were found. Conclusions: For this reason, running in MRS could be recommended to recreational runners only with care. The effect of limb dominance on temporal characteristics was detected when running in CRS. Significantly longer stance phase for dominant limb is associated with a shorter swing. The kinematics variables were significantly higher for dominant limb than for non-dominat limb when running in MRS and CRS (by 12–23%).