Nowa wersja platformy, zawierająca wyłącznie zasoby pełnotekstowe, jest już dostępna.
Przejdź na https://bibliotekanauki.pl
Ograniczanie wyników
Czasopisma help
Lata help
Autorzy help
Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 98

Liczba wyników na stronie
first rewind previous Strona / 5 next fast forward last
Wyniki wyszukiwania
Wyszukiwano:
w słowach kluczowych:  railways
help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
first rewind previous Strona / 5 next fast forward last
1
Content available remote Trzy ustawy kolejowe
100%
PL
Wybrane, ważniejsze postanowienia zawarte w przyjętych przez Parlament 16.12.2005 r. ustawach : o Funduszu Kolejowym, o zmianie ustawy o transporcie kolejowym i o zmianie innych ustaw oraz o finansowaniu infrastruktury transportu lądowego. Zwiększenie środków publicznych na dofinansowanie transportu kolejowego, głównie infrastruktury. Zmiany w ustawie o transporcie kolejowym - krytyczna ocena niektórych przepisów.
EN
Chosen, more important decisions contained in laws received by Parliament on 16.12.2005 r. about: Railway Fund, change of the law about railway service and about the change of another laws as well as about financing the land transport infrastructure. Increase of public sources on train service refinancing, mainly infrastructure. Changes in law about railway service - critical opinion of some recipes.
EN
Narrow gauge railway tracks are the main transport system in Slovak part of the High Tatras for over one hundred years. Passengers´ increasing demands for quality, speed and comfort increase demands in the parameters of roadway. It is also desirable to modify the roadway for future ecological increase of operation in enviromentally valuable areas of national parks. The paper deals with the possibilities of increasing attractiveness of existing tracks of the Tatra Electric Railway and outlines possible extension of the system on the Polish side of the High Tatras, which has recently experienced massive development of tourism.
EN
The proposal introduces the institutional separation of the infrastructure manager from transport operations. The authors contest the universal model of railways and suggest an increased level of funding for railway infrastructure. They question the compliance of the proposed directive with the principle of subsidiarity and opt for the achievement of its objectives by other actions taken at national level. The authors agree that the adoption of the proposal would lead to a far‑reaching interference in the organization and management of the railways, and that its results may differ from country to country. They are critical to the proposed directive and conclude that its adoption may require amendments to several pieces of legislation, the standards it introduces are premature, and can have unpredictable legal and socio‑economic consequences.
4
Content available remote Charakterystyka dokładnościowa zintegrowanej osnowy kolejowej
100%
PL
W pracy przedstawiono zasady wykorzystania klasycznych i satelitarnych technik pomiarowych do zakładania precyzyjnych osnów geodezyjnych na szlakach i stacjach kolejowych. Przyjęto, że osnowę taką tworzą na ogół pary punktów sieci podstawowej wyznaczane metodą klasyczną GPS i łączące je ciągi poligonowe wyznaczone sposobami klasycznymi. W oparciu o wyniki pomiarów doświadczalnych wykonanych na odcinku linii kolejowej o długości 30 km scharakteryzowano rzeczywistą dokładność wyznaczenia współrzędnych punktów zintegrowanej osnowy kolejowej i przedstawiono wariantowo wpływ zmiany długości ciągów i boków poligonowych na uzyskiwane dokładności. Wykazano ponadto - w oparciu o uzyskane wyniki pomiarów - pełną przydatność techniki satelitarnej RTK-GPS do określania współrzędnych stanowisk w biegunowej metodzie wyznaczania położenia punktów osnowy szczegółowej usytuowanych na słupach trakcji elektrycznej
EN
The paper presents guidelines for application of classical and satellite geodetic techniques to establishment of precise control networks for railway stations and tracks. It was assumed, that in general case such control consists of pairs of reference points positioned by static GPS and of classical traverses between them. On the base of experimental surveys performed on a 30 km stretch of railway line, practical point positioning accuracy was characterized for several network patterns of different traverse and traverse side lengths. The experimental measurements have also proved full applicability of the RTK method polar surveys and coordinates of points marked on steel suppots of electric traction
PL
W artykule omówiono podstawowe parametry linii o małym natężeniu ruchu. Przedstawiono także problemy związane z modernizacją linii mało obciążonych oraz efektywność ekonomiczną takiej modernizacji.
EN
The article presents basic parameters of low traffic rail lines. The authors discuss problems connected with the modernization of such lines and its the effectiveness.
EN
Due to their strategic importance, the railways were subject to particular surveillance by the state security apparatus of the Polish People’s Republic. Since 1957, the related tasks were carried out by department III of the Security Service (Służba Bezpieczeństwa), which centered its operations on broadly understood economy issues. In the years 1975–1979, the III “A” department, specializing in economic issues, particularly concerning railways and other means of transport and communication, was established.
PL
Pomiar ciśnienia porowego jest pomocny w rozpoznaniu położenia strefy osłabienia, a jego zmiany mogą wskazywać na powstanie powierzchni poślizgu w ośrodkach zagrożonych ruchami masowymi. W przedstawionych w pracy przykładach badań pokazano, że pomiary ciśnienia porowego pozwoliły określić strefę jego wzrostu, a tym samym strefę spadku naprężeń efektywnych i rozwoju powierzchni poślizgu. W trakcie niszczenia pierwotnej struktury ośrodka następował widoczny wzrost wartości ciśnienia porowego, a następnie jego spadek tuż po zakończeniu tego procesu. Zmiany są widoczne zwłaszcza po okresach intensywnych opadów i są związane z przepuszczalnością ośrodka gruntowego. W pracy omówiono również podstawowe zasady działania czujnika pomiaru ciśnienia porowego bazującego na przetworniku strunowym.
EN
Measurement of pore water pressure is helpful to locate the position of the zone of weakness, and its changes may indicate the formation of slip surface centres at risk of mass movements. It is shown in the paper, based on some studies, that the pore water pressure measurements have helped to determine the area where the increase of deviator stress and this way the effective stress reduction and the development of the slip surface. In the process of destroying the geological structure of the centre the apparent increase of pore pressure follows, and then it declines shortly after the end of the process. The changes are particularly evident after periods of heavy rainfall and are related to the permeability of ground. The paper also discusses the basic principles of pore pressure sensor based on a vibrating wire.
EN
Exceeding the permissible noise levels from railway transport in relation to the distance from the railway track. Railway transport is a source of noise, which is by its nature less annoying to human than the noise generated by road transport. However, it is necessary to monitor and satisfy the noise limit levels, which are depending on the type of area given by the Slovak legislation. The paper deals with compliance and analysis of these permitted noise levels in some selected locations of modernized lines and its dependence on the distance from the noise source, namely from the railway track.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono analizę dopuszczalnych poziomów hałasu w funkcji odległości od torów w wybranych lokalizacjach zmodernizowanych linii kolejowych. Mimo zależności, że transport kolejowy jest źródłem hałasu mniej uciążliwym niż transport drogowy wymagane jest okresowe monitorowanie dopuszczalnych poziomów hałasu. Normy są uzależnione od rodzaju badanego obszaru i zdefiniowane przez ustawodawstwo słowackie.
EN
The paper considers the transhipment process between sea ships and railways as a critical hinge where goods are moved from one transport mode to another one. By linking them, a transport chain is created. During research it has been found out that processes between the intermediaries of the transport chain seaport–rail are not well organised and adjusted. A low level of communication between the intermediaries (ports, freight forwarders, railway transport companies, etc.) leads to conflicts and insecurities in rail freight transport. Additional time buffers which are planned by railway companies and freight forwarders due to those insecurities in the transport flow make it slow and untimely. That makes it difficult for the intermediaries to plan own activities in an optimal way. The untimely trains and the non-adjusted railway transhipment works in ports, makes the transport processes longer than they need to be. With a better integration of the operational processes the transport chain shall be better adjusted. In this paper the actors as well as the processes at the interface seaport-rail have been identified and characterised. The interrelations between single transhipment processes have been examined but also the way how they are integrated in transport chains. In a first research a sample of observed 50 freight trains has been chosen to evaluate the integration of rail freight services in transport chains. For the trains, their involvement in certain processes within a seaport’s rail yard has been quantified. It was possible to distinguish between their involvement in productive and non-productive processes and thus have been identified. The results of the field research lead to the development of an information flow model which is aimed to reduce buffer time by enabling a better communication between the intermediaries of the transport chain. Approaches for further research to link the partial works of single intermediaries in an organisational and applied way are presented. With it, the insecurities during the transhipment within rail freight yards in seaport shall be reduced. Thus, additional time buffers can be minimised and the ship–to–rail transhipment flow becomes smoother.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy wybranych ograniczeń funkcjonalnych urządzeń sterowania ruchem kolejowym. Rozważono sytuacje występujące przy usterkach świateł zabraniających na semaforach. Rozważono stosowanie urządzeń ochronnych i kontroli elementów dróg pomiędzy drogami jazdy i ochronną a urządzeniami ochronnymi.
EN
This article is devoted to specified Functional limitations of railway signaling and interlocking systems. Situations when stop aspect at signal are disturbed are considered. Usage of protection giving elements and flank areas controlling is considered.
11
Content available remote Ciągły pomiar szerokości i przechyłki w rozjazdach kolejowych
75%
PL
W artykule opisano zasady przeprowadzania pomiarów szerokości toru i żłobków na podstawie obowiązujących przepisów na liniach kolejowych w Polsce i Niemczech. Następnie omówiono metodykę wykonywania pomiarów ciągłych szerokości toru i różnicy wysokości toków szynowych w rozjazdach kolejowych z wykorzystaniem toromierza elektronicznego TEC1435. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na powtarzalność wyników pomiaru z uwzględnieniem kierunku jazdy toromierzem na torze zasadniczym i zwrotnym oraz przejazd przez miejsca nieciągłości toków szynowych.
EN
The rules of track width measurement basing on regulations being in force for railway in Poland and in Germany have been described in the paper. The methodology of execution of continuous measurement of tracks width and height differences between stretch of rails using electronic track gauge has been presented. The particular attention has been drawn on repeatability of measurement results considering the direction of rail gauge ride along main track and along diverted tracks and through places of rail track discontinuity.
12
Content available Polish Railway Safety Performance in 2016
75%
EN
In comparison, railways are the safest mode of land transport, not only regarding pure safety performance indicators but also considering external costs to society and to a member state. As for Polish railways, the year 2016 was the safest since 2008 even despite the growth of the railway market. There are still elements that need to be taken care of, such as continuous improvement of safety culture so that there can be a consistency in safety statistics, and improvement of total safety performance. The other key aspect is the analysis of human factor with the involvement of professionals in the area of human performance since it seems that current activities are insufficient. Authors would like to summarise this short article regarding railway safety performance by saying that undoubtedly, railways are constantly the mass transport mode to choose regarding the safety of travel.
PL
20 lipca 2018 roku polscy pasażerowie doświadczyli, jak sam zainteresowany to określa: „nowej jakości na polskich torach”. Mianowicie był to dzień, w którym pierwszy prywatny przewoźnik – Leo Express – wjechał do Polski, realizując pierwsze komercyjne połączenie. Autor analizuje, w jaki sposób działają prywatni przewoźnicy i jakie korzyści mogą odnieść pasażerowie.
EN
On 20 July 2018 Polish passengers experienced, as the interested entity defines itself, ‘a new quality on Polish tracks’. That was namely the day on which the first private carrier – Leo Express – entered Poland establishing the first commercial connection. The author analyses, how private carriers operate and what benefits passengers can gain.
14
Content available Railways in intermodal transport in Poland
75%
EN
The dynamic development of car transport caused that there are more and more nuisance problems associated with this mode of transport and therefore the ways for solving them are in demand in Poland. Transport system which links the various branches of transport, creating a coherent transport chains is rail and intermodal transport. Supporting the growing importance of rail and intermodal transport is primarily aimed at reducing transport costs by improving its organization and using the most effective means of transport at each stage. Moreover, on the one hand, the basic advantages of intermodality are associated with the use of the most effective modes of transport, and on the other hand, intermodality requires the standardization of products carriage in the form of railway transhipment terminals. As a result, intermodal transport facilitates the management of supply chains, generating significant positive external effects, such as reducing the reliance on the most environmentally harmful road transport or reducing time and handling costs.
PL
Praca prezentuje wyniki badania kształtu oraz struktury powierzchni pęknięcia typu „squat” w główce szyny kolejowej, charakterystycznego dla uszkodzeń bieżni szyn obserwowanych na trasach szybkiego ruchu w Polsce [6]. Badania kształtu powierzchni pęknięcia wykonano metodą immersyjną interferometrii holograficznej oraz przy użyciu systemu pomiarowego VIS. Strukturę powierzchni określono przy użyciu Penthometru S3P. Wyniki wskazują na istotne zmiany warunków w różnych okresach rozwoju szczeliny, ujawniają zarys czoła szczeliny i kierunki jego propagacji. Wyniki te będą przydatne do budowy modeli oddziaływań brzegów szczeliny w badaniach numerycznych rozwoju pęknięć typu „squat”.
EN
The paper presents the results of a study of a shape and a structure of a crack surface for a „squat”-type of crack appearing in railway tracks with high speed traffic in Poland [6]. Investigations of a shape of crack face were done by use of an immersion method of holographic interferometry and by use of VIS measurement system. Structure of the crack face was studied by use of Penthomether S3P. Results suggest a significant variation of crack growth condition in different periods of crack growth, as well as evolution of shape of a crack and direction of crack tip propagation. Results will he used to formulate crack face interaction models in numerical study of “squat”-type of crack.
EN
In 1920 Cieszyn Silesia was divided between Czechoslovakia and Poland. One of the challenges for the Czechoslovak authorities was integration of this territory, which was largely inhabited by Polish and German populations. Most of the workers on the railways there, such as those on the important Košice-Bohumín track, were also Poles and Germans. In the beginning of the 1920s, the Czechoslovak railway authorities were attempting to diminish the influence of ethnic minorities in the region and to install Czechs into supervisory positions. They thus adopted a policy of transferring some of the railway employees of Polish and German ethnicity into the interior of the country. However, those who had sent their children to Czech schools were usually exempt from this policy.
EN
Among the issues that researchers have almost never analyzed is the railway cross-border traffic in the period of 1945–1989. The article presents the legal and organizational context of the relations between Polish, Czechoslovak and Soviet state railway entities in southeast Poland, outlines the related difficulties and international background, and reconstructs the course of crucial investments within the borderland, such as rebuilding of the Łupków border crossing.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono metodę wykrywania uszkodzeń szyn kolejowych za pomocą Metody Własnego Rozproszonego Pola Magnetycznego (MWRPM). Wyznaczono składowe normalne i stacze WRPM oraz ich gradient wzdłuż długości szyny. Metoda umożliwia w szybki i nieinwazyjny sposób identyfikować uszkodzenia szyn kolejowych. Zbudowano specjalną bazę danych magnetogramów uszkodzeń zarejestrowanych na wybranym odcinku szyny kolejowej w zależności od czasu jej eksploatacji.
EN
This paper discussed the evaluation of the railway track state based on the residual magnetic field method measured on the railway track surface. It includes selected problems of the basic of residual magnetism if known, make easier to understand the present issues.
PL
W artykule analizie poddano dwie opcje odnowy taboru kolejowego - modernizacje starych jednostek lub zakup nowych wagonów. Autor przywołuje przykłady realizowanych inwestycji na terenie kraju i porównuje koszty obu rozwiązań. Przywoływane są także rozwiązania prawne, odmienne od tych obowiązujących w krajach ościennych. Natomiast w celu uzyskania jednoznacznej odpowiedzi na pytanie zawarte w tytule zastosowano analizę wielokryterialną.
EN
The paper analyses two options of rolling stock improvement - modernization of old units or purchase of new cars. The author refers to examples of investments carried out in the country and compares costs of both solutions. Also legal solutions are referred to, different from those in force in neighbouring countries. However, to obtain a clear answer to the question included in the title a multi-criterion analysis was applied.
20
Content available Polish Railway Safety Performance in 2016
75%
EN
In comparison, railways are the safest mode of land transport, not only regarding pure safety performance indicators but also considering external costs to society and to a member state. As for Polish railways, the year 2016 was the safest since 2008 even despite the growth of the railway market. There are still elements that need to be taken care of, such as continuous improvement of safety culture so that there can be a consistency in safety statistics, and improvement of total safety performance. The other key aspect is the analysis of human factor with the involvement of professionals in the area of human performance since it seems that current activities are insufficient. Authors would like to summarise this short article regarding railway safety performance by saying that undoubtedly, railways are constantly the mass transport mode to choose regarding the safety of travel.
first rewind previous Strona / 5 next fast forward last
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.