Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Productivity Changes in the European Union: Structural and Competitive Aspects

100%

Batóg J. , Batóg B.

Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia

|

2007

|

tom 6

|

nr 1

63-74

EN

There are many factors influencing the level and changes of the labour productivity. One of the useful methods of identifying these factors is shift-share approach. It makes it possible to determine if the sectoral structure or the level of competitiveness of the economy affects the dynamics and differentiation of labour productivity. The research concerned countries of the European Union, covered the period of 1999-2006 and was conducted for six main economic sectors. All examined countries were characterized by constant growth of labour productivity which was mainly caused by the increasing productivity in market financial services. The basic reason of productivity diversification was a country's competitiveness. The positive relation between sectoral structure and regional component also occurred.

2

Podejście systemowe jako punkt wyjścia do badania produktywności

100%

Iwan S.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie

|

2004

|

tom nr 4 (76)

69-77

PL

Produktywność jest uznawana za jeden z istotniejszych czynników wzrostu gospo-darczego. Jej podwyższanie prowadzi do polepszania jakości dostarczanych na rynek dóbr i usług, zwiększa efektywność wytwarzania oraz sprzyja rozwojowi konkurencyjno-ści. Pojęcie produktywności jest w sposób istotny związane z systemowym podejściem do badania zjawisk gospodarczych i przedsiębiorstw. Istota zasilania, transformacji i wyj-ścia stanowi podstawę do analizowania aspektu przetwarzania dostępnych zasobów w produkty oraz oceny efektywności tego procesu. Zarówno badanie produktywności, jak również sama analiza systemowa, stanowią zagadnienia rozbudowane, których spe-cyfika zależy w dużej mierze od specyfiki przedsiębiorstwa, zakresu analizy, czy celowo-ści badań. Podejście systemowe nabiera szczególnego znaczenia teraz, w okresie trans-formacji w kierunku społeczeństwa informacyjnego (społeczeństwa wiedzy), w którym rolę dominującego zasobu zaczyna podgrywać właśnie informacja. W artykule skoncen-trowano się na problematyce identyfikacji systemu i specyfiki jego funkcjonowania w kontekście badania produktywności.

EN

Productivity is considered to be a most essential factor of economic growth. Its increase leads to quality improvement of goods and services delivered on the market; it raises production effectiveness and enhances competitiveness. The concept of productivity is essentially bound with the systemic approach in the research of economic phenomena and of enterprises. The essence of feeding, transformation and output constitutes the basis for analysing the transformation of available resources into products and estimating the effectiveness of this process. Both productivity research and systemic analysis itself are complex subjects depending on the specificity of the enterprise, the scope of analysis or the purposefulness of research. The systemic approach assumes particular significance now, at the time of transformation towards information society (society of knowledge), where information is starting to play the role of the predominating resource. The present study focuses on problems of system identification and specificity of its functioning in the context of productivity research.

3

Competitiveness of farms in new European Union member states

80%

Nowak A. , Krukowski A.

Agronomy Science

|

2019

|

tom 74

|

nr 2

4

Analiza czynników kształtujących organizację stanowisk pracy w aspekcie poprawy produktywności

80%

Pytel M.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Łódzka

|

1999

|

tom z. 33

109-119

PL

Na człowieka w procesie pracy wpływa wiele czynników, które schematycznie ujmuje się w sześć płaszczyzn: technika i technologia, otoczenie fizyczne, ekonomia, organizacja, warunki socjalne i bytowe oraz stosunki społeczne. Kompleksowa organizacja stanowisk pracy w aspekcie wzrostu produktywności jest jednym z elementów skutecznego zarządzania. Działania w kierunku poprawy produktywności prowadzą do lepszego wykorzystania zasobów, do poprawienia wyników gospodarczych przedsiębiorstwa. W pracy zaprezentowano główne obszary tematyczne związane z analizą czynników kształtujących organizację stanowisk pracy w aspekcie poprawy produktywności.

EN

There are many factors influencing human work you can describe in six areas: technics and technology, phisical environment, economy, organization, social and living conditions as well as public relations. A complex workstation organization in aspect of productivity increase is one of the elements of effective management. Productivity improvement activities lead to a better use of resources and they improve economic results. In the present work main areas thematically connected with all the factors creating workstation organization in aspect of productivity improvement have been presented.

5

Produktywność a zrównoważona energia Case Study: USA

80%

Malko J. , Wojciechowski H.

Instal

|

2013

|

tom nr 3

14-18

PL

Produktywność przemysłu, przynosi korzyści społeczeństwu podnosząc standard życia, długowieczność oraz w ogólności jakość życia. Niestety uboczne skutki aktywności przemysłu odbijają się szkodliwie na lokalnym i globalnym środowisku i konieczne jest podjęcie działań dla ograniczenia tego zjawiska.

EN

Industrial productivity is a social dynamics that has brought great benefit to society, raising standard of living, life span and the quality of life in general. Unfortunately byproducts of industrial activity are exerting such harm on the local and global environments that some change must occur to mitigate these effects. Paper discussed relationship between productivity and sustainability as a US case.

6

Zmiany struktury zatrudnienia i produktywności a wynagrodzenia w przekroju regionalnym w latach 2005–2010

80%

Zieliński M. , Jonek-Kowalska I.

Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy

|

2012

|

nr 2(28)

41-48

EN

The paper concerns changes taking place on regional labor markets in Poland in the years 2005–2010. The most important factor affecting the labor market was the accession of Poland to the European Union in this period, as it evoked the need for adjustments of a structural character. The statistical analysis presented in the paper is based on the data published by GUS (Central Statistical Office) in the Statistical Yearbooks of Regions and includes: changes of the employment sector level and structure and changes of the work productivity and wages level. The basic hypotheses were the statements that in the analyzed period there was an improvement in the employment structure according to sectors, differences in wages between the regions decreased and there was a relation between work productivity and wages. On the basis of the statistical data concerning the period 2005–2010 it was determined that, among the research hypotheses stated, only the third may be considered fully confirmed. Most of the data questions the hypothesis about the decrease of regional differences in the situation on the labor market. The changes of employment structure were only beneficial in terms of the fall in the share of employment in the second sector (heavy industry and construction) as well as the growth in employment in the third sector (services). The period of five years of 2005–2010 also brought increase, although contrary to the expected long-term tendencies, in the share of employment in the first sector.

7

Sustainable lean in SMEs: a quantitative analysis into improvement actions

80%

Van Landeghem H. , Claeys D. , Van Landeghem T.

Management and Production Engineering Review

|

2018

|

tom Vol. 9, No. 4

10--19

EN

Lean has established itself as the primordial approach to obtain operational excellence. Its simple and intuitive techniques focus on reducing lead time through continuous improvement, involving all levels of employees in the organization. However, the rate of successful implementations has remained low. This paper contributes to the understanding of continuous improvement in a Lean context, by analyzing a database of almost 10.000 improvement actions, from 85 companies, covering the time frame 2010–2018. It discusses categories of actions, their impact and cost, as well as key characteristics of the companies. It proposes an objective criterion to identify “success” and “failure” in Lean implementation and tries to link these to operational results. It is probably the first time an analysis of this magnitude on the subject has been performed.

8

Care for human as a factor of the productivity in the 21 century

80%

Wyrwicka M. K.

Foundations of Control and Management Sciences

|

2007

|

tom No. 8

77-86

9

Od handlu między państwami do handlu na poziomie przedsiębiorstw

80%

Serwach T.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

|

2011

|

tom 246

|

nr 3

47-65

EN

The article focuses on the latest trends in the theory of international trade, which, according to the author, are relatively little known in Poland. Serwach sets out to show that the theoretical analysis of trade has evolved over the years toward purely microeconomic considerations. Referring to specific research reports, the paper describes the main directions of theoretical research today: a new theory of trade that takes into account the diversification of companies, a theory of trade conducted by multiproduct companies, and the so-called incomplete contract theory. Serwach shows that these new trends overlap and complement previously existing theories. The overview of the latest theories of international trade presented in the article prompts several conclusions. One of these is that many theoreticians focus on the relationship between a company’s productivity and its decision to go international with its business. The trends discussed in the article involve the problem of the significant role of fixed costs in shaping trade flows, the author says. Although the latest ideas make it possible to offer a theoretical explanation of many empirical phenomena in the trade of goods, Serwach says, these concepts have some limitations. These include the lack of in-depth modeling of demand and a tendency to ignore strategic interactions between firms.

10

Egzogeniczność mierników szoków technologicznych na przykładzie Polski w latach 2005-2009

80%

Truskolaski S.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

|

2010

|

tom 240

|

nr 5-6

61-72

EN

The paper describes methods for measuring technology shocks and compares various indirect measures of technology shocks, including the so-called Solow residual and its modifications. Apart from the conventional Solow residual, the author uses modified indicators to illustrate changes in factors of production; he approximates productivity by analyzing electricity consumption (capital) and the number of hours worked and work accidents (labor). The main criterion used by the author to check if a technology shock measure is correct is its autonomy (exogeneity) from non-technology shocks that may occur in the economy, such as monetary shocks, fiscal shocks or external shocks. Truskolaski uses the Granger causality test to determine if each version of the residual is independent from non-technology shock variables. The test was conducted for 12 industries making up Poland’s manufacturing sector in 2005-2009. The conventional residual is independent from non-technology shocks in low-tech sectors, Truskolaski says. In high- and medium-high-tech sectors, on the other hand, corrections linked with the variable use of factors of production are far more important, according to the author. In terms of independence from non-technology shocks, the best measure is a residual used to estimate changes in both factors of production, capital and labor, Truskolaski concludes.

11

Zmiany jakości wykorzystywanych zasobów pracy w Polsce

80%

Kolasa M. , Strzelecki P.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

|

2007

|

tom 220

|

nr 11-12

35-53

EN

The paper aims to quantify changes in the quality of Poland’s working population in 1993-2006. An important drawback of standard measures of labor input, such as the number of people employed or total hours worked, is that they treat the labor force as a homogenous entity. The starting point for calculating effective labor input in this paper is to loosen this assumption by disaggregating employment into groups within which the homogeneity assumption would be more valid. The subsequent aggregation explicitly takes into account the diversity of the marginal product of labor between the groups, using the average wage as a proxy. The empirical analysis is based on microeconomic data from a labor force survey. Education, age and sex were considered as important criteria in accounting for the heterogeneity of labor productivity. The analysis shows that labor input quality in Poland grew in 1993-2006 at an annual average rate of 0.9 percent, adding 0.6 percentage points to the average annual GDP growth rate. The main factor behind the improved quality of labor was an improvement in the educational structure of the working population.

12

A definition of the concept of economic effectiveness

80%

Poskart R.

Central and Eastern European Journal of Management and Economics (CEEJME)

|

2014

|

tom 2

|

nr 3

179-187

EN

The concept of economic effectiveness has often been interpreted in an ambiguous manner. There is no clear definition of it in the literature. Individual authors place stress on different elements of this concept. There are also different measures of effectiveness. This article aims to make the concept of economic effectiveness more precise

13

An Analysis of the Labour Productivity of the Agricultural Sector in the Republic of Serbia / Analiza Produktivnosti Rada Sektora Poljoprivrede Republike Srbije

80%

Stanojević J. , Krstić B. , Đekić S.

Economic Themes

|

2015

|

tom 53

|

nr 4

467-482

EN

One of the main objectives pursued in agriculture as the primary sector in the economy is to increase the labour productivity. In order for this objective to be achieved, it is necessary to increase agricultural production, while at the same time preserve natural resources and the environment. If the creators of development policies are to formulate effective policies and strategies, adequate information relating to all vital determinants of productivity of agriculture is required. Therefore, the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia annually prepares and publishes, among others, information on the value of agricultural production and the number of employees in agriculture. The aim of this paper is to examine the changes in the level of productivity of agriculture in the Republic of Serbia in the period from 2007 to 2013. It also analyses the impact of labour productivity in agriculture in the share of GDP that is realized in this sector of the national economy. Agricultural population, as one of the factors that affect productivity in agriculture is analysed in terms of education and employment. The aim is to quantify the level of productivity in agriculture, as well as to examine the interdependence between labour productivity and GDP in agriculture, in order to point to the critical determinants of productivity that require improvement. The methods used in this paper are: analysis method, synthesis method, comparison method, descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis. Research results show that Serbia has achieved an unenviable level of labour productivity in agriculture within the analysed period of time. Research in this study is useful for the creators and holders of the development policy for the future guidance of development policies and strategies of the agricultural sector in Serbia.

14

Konwergencja warunkowa w krajach transformacji

80%

Rogut A. , Roszkowska S.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

|

2006

|

tom 210

|

nr 9

35-55

EN

The authors set out to determine if the convergence theory passes the test in 25 transition economies. On the basis of statistical data for the years 1991-2004, using an econometric model, they analyze the influence of GDP per employee on the growth of labor productivity. They also consider other factors with an influence on sustainable economic growth. Considering the significant heterogeneity of the analyzed economies in terms of market reforms and institutional conditions, the authors divided the sample into three relatively homogenous groups: 10 new European Union member states excluding Cyprus and Malta; 12 CIS countries; and five Southern and Eastern European economies. The authors evaluated conditional convergence in individual groups of economies, concluding that economies with lower GDP per employee at the start of transition were characterized by a higher rate of growth for most of the analyzed period. GDP per employee primarily depended on investment in physical and human capital, the share of government spending in GDP and inflation. Moreover, the analysis showed that convergence processes in individual countries led to converging long-term economic growth rates, which were positive rather than neutral, contrary to the classic convergence theory.

15

Optimization strategies of container terminals

80%

Kuznetsov A. L. , Kirichenko A. V. , Semenov A. D. , Borevich A. Z.

Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University

|

2020

|

tom nr 115

42--54

EN

One of the main tasks of operational management of modern container terminals is effective utilization of existing technological resources. The search for possible variants of terminal activity optimization requires constant analysis of transport process technology and development of technical and technological approaches to increase the effectiveness of resources utilization. One of the possible solutions provided by terminal operational systems is the application of different strategies of container stack organization and container selectivity. At the same time, the complicated character of input and output container flow makes the effectiveness of these strategies doubtful. The paper states that this particular manner of container service is different from traditional ones, i.e. FIFO and FILO. As output container flow is randomly distributed the manner of container service can be considered as First In/Random Out. The paper also considers different strategies that are applied in practice and analyzes its influence on the productivity of handling equipment. The results of these strategies simulation modeling are represented. The results prove that no strategy can provide a productivity with theoretical selectivity; any strategy provides slowed intensity of operations. At the same time, it is proved that the only optimization strategy which increases the productivity of handling equipment is the organization of terminal activity whereby containers can be selected from the stack not in requirement sequence, but in order of its position in a stack.

16

The Egnatia Motorway and The Changes in Interregional Trade in Greece: An Ex Ante Assessment

80%

Polyzos S. , Department of Planning and Regional Development S. o. E.

European Spatial Research and Policy

|

2009

|

tom 16

|

nr 2

EN

The Egnatia Motorway, located in the northern part of Greece, constitutes one of the most important, as well as ambitious, projects of the Trans-European Transport Networks programme (TETN) funded by the European Commission. It is expected to greatly influence the spatial economic relationships of several regions across the country. The motorway crosses all administrative regions of Northern Greece, and the expectations currently sustained by the public as regards its contribution to regional development are exceptionally great. As numerous empirical studies have already shown, the most important changes in regional economy induced by interregional transportation infrastructure are associated with trade flows between different regions. This paper analyses the major determinants of interregional trade in Greece and estimates the changes in interregional trade flows which the construction of the Egnatia Motorway is capable of generating.

17

The Minimum Wage Law: A Snare and a Delusion

80%

Borodkin G. , Block W.

Polish Journal of Political Science

|

2023

|

tom 9

|

nr 2

47-64

EN

In the view of many people, understandably, and all too many economists, disgracefully, the minimum wage law actually boosts compensation for people who would otherwise earn less than the amount established by this legislation. This is a snare and a delusion. In actual point of fact, this law increases the wages of no one at all, at least not in equilibrium; rather it leads to unemployment for those workers unfortunate to have a marginal revenue product below the level mandated by this enactment. It is the burden of the present paper to make good on this claim.

18

Produktywność eksploatacji maszyn i urządzeń w przedsiębiorstwach.

80%

Chrostowski T.

Zagadnienia Eksploatacji Maszyn

|

2005

|

tom Vol. 40, nr 4

121-132

PL

W artykule przedstawiono nowe podejście do analizy techniczno-ekonomicznej przedsiębiorstwa, ukierunkowane na uzupełnienie sformułowania pojęcia produktywności eksploatacji maszyn i urządzeń technicznych. Po stronie efektów wyróżniono: efekty użytkowania, bezpieczeństwo pracy, jakość produktów uzależnioną od stanu technicznego urządzeń, gotowość techniczną, nieuszkadzalność maszyn i urządzeń technicznych. Po stronie nakładów uwzględniono: koszty pracy i części zamiennych, koszty obsługi technicznej, koszty utrzymania systemów informatycznych i dokumentacji, koszty utraconej produkcji, koszty zakupu dodatkowej zdolności obsługowej, koszty utraconych możliwości sprzedaży oraz koszty szkoleń.

EN

This article shows a new approach to the technical and economical analysis of a company, trying to complete the meaning of the term of machines and devices productivity. The following are marked out as the effects: exploitation effects, work safety, products quality depending on the technical condition of machines, technical readiness, durability of machines and devices. Identified expenses are: workforce and spare parts costs, maintenance expenses, expenditures on IT and documentation systems, costs of a lost production, expenses on an additional maintenance ability, costs of a lost sell volume and training costs. The components of the effects and the expenditures shown in this article accomplish analysis being used today and expand thoroughness of a judgement on exploitation of machines and devices as well as reduce the risk of decision-making process in exploitation. Productivity assigned by above described components of the effects and the expenditures may show a real representation of the expenditures spent and the acquired profits and may be one of the determinants to provide and implement the strategy on technical resources.

19

Contouring accuracy of a machine tool: design of a performance test and optimization of the Jerk

80%

Pittala G. M. , Monno M.

Journal of Machine Engineering

|

2009

|

tom Vol. 9, No. 3

29--41

EN

With increasing demand of high feed rates the dynamical characterization of a milling center is becoming a strategic aspect. The contouring accuracy at high feed rates and high acceleration is vital in order to preserve the tolerance integrity of parts produced with high speed machining. The dynamic accuracy is influenced by the velocity, acceleration and Jerk. While the cutting speed depends from technological considerations and the maximum velocity and the acceleration depends from the mechanical structure, what value assign to the Jerk is not well defined. The Jerk has an important impact on the execution time of a tool path in a mould/die production, where there are frequent accelerations and decelerations, and a high jerk leads to a deteriorated surface accuracy and an unsmooth machining process. In this paper, experimental test were conducted on various milling centers in order to define the Jerk value. Firstly, some tool path features are introduced in order to consider the effect of the trajectory. Then a tool path, called STAR, is designed and it has been tested by changing the Jerk. A mathematical model able to estimate the execution time it was prepared. A performance test is designed in order to estimate the contouring accuracy in relation with Jerk for all tool paths. The best value of Jerk is the compromise between high accuracy and high productivity. Then an objective function is introduced in order to optimize the Jerk.

20

Productivity of Cotton in Association with Food Crops in Soil without Nutritional Assistances

80%

Montero-Cedeño S. L. , Cañarte-Bermúdez E. G. , Navarrete-Cedeño J. B.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

tom Vol. 24, nr 6

75--85

EN

Intercropped systems have agro-ecological and socioeconomic advantages over monocultures. Cotton is used in systems associated with food crops as an option to increase sustainability in family farming. The objective of this research was to evaluate the productivity of cotton in association with food crops, without using any nutritional assistance in the soil. This study was conducted on the rainy season of 2020 in Manabí-Ecuador. Six treatments were performed: four treatments related with the association of cotton with peanut, cowpea bean, field corn, and sweet corn; and two treatments with cotton monoculture (with and without soil fertilization). Agronomic, productive, and phytosanitary variables were evaluated in 60 m2 experimental plots. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. The results determined that cotton yield in the association with peanut was significantly equal to the monoculture with and without fertilization. In the intercropped food crops, there was a reduction in production in relation to the monocultures. However, it was the peanut in association with cotton with the lowest reduction, in addition to presenting the best Land Equivalence Ratio (1.71) and the best Marginal Rate of Return (120.56%), which suggests that this association is a viable alternative and easy to adopt by the small cotton producer.