Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

A Multi-Party Scheme for Privacy : Preserving Clustering

100%

Zhan J. , Matwin S. , Chang L.

Studia Informatica : systems and information technology

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2006

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tom Vol. 1(7)

217--232

EN

Preserving data privacy while conducting data clustering among multiple parties is a demanding problem. We address this challenging problem in the following scenario: without disclosing their private data to each other, multiple parties, each having a private data set, want to collaboratively conduct k-medoids clustering. To tackle this problem, we develop secure protocols for multiple parties to achieve this dual goal. The solution is distributed, i.e., there is no central, trusted party having access to all the data. Instead, we define a protocol using homomorphic encryption and digital envelope techniques to exchange the data while keeping it private.

2

Property which cannot be disposed of or the sphere of privacy or freedom of expression? Authorship of a work in the light of the protection of human rights

100%

Machowicz K.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia

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2015

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tom 22

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nr 1

EN

Unlike the author’s economic rights, the authorship of a work as well as other moral rights should not necessarily be classified as a kind of intellectual property. If literature presents the problems of copyright as an element of intellectual property, this is done in reference to economic rights. The issues connected with moral rights appear then as the background condition for economic rights to arise. However, according to the will of the legislator, the nature of these rights was formed in a different way. While economic rights are a kind of intellectual property, the authorship of a work should rather be viewed as a phenomenon at the intersection of the right to privacy (particularly at the stage of an already established but not yet completed work) and the right to freedom of expression (from the moment of the exercise of other moral rights and the moment of taking a decision to make a work public under the author’s own name). The right to withhold authorship cannot be interpreted as the right to change the author by agreement of the interested parties.

3

Organising federated identity in Finnish higher education

100%

Linden M.

Computational Methods in Science and Technology

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2005

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tom Vol. 11, nr 2

109-117

EN

Finnish higher education has been an early adopter of federated identity in Europe. The Finnish Haka federation is deploying Shibboleth, federating software by Internet2. This paper describes the federation as an organisational entity and explains how privacy issues are taken into account in its policy. Differences between the Haka federation and some other federations are pointed out. The main service areas for federated identity in Finnish higher education are also presented.

4

Prawo do życia rodzinnego na tle ogólnie pojmowanej prywatności jednostki

100%

Michałowska K.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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2013

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nr 911

51-64

EN

The article examines the conceptual scope and the capacity of the right to privacy. The study analyses the conceptual scope of ways of formulating the right to privacy and its sources in the literature. In the light of this relationship: value – personal rights – right of the subject, the considerations center on proving the fundamental thesis of the article – that the right to family life is an independent value formulated within a framework of isolated personal rights. The considerations focus on the juxtaposition of the two rights – to privacy and to family life – to determine their mutual relationships and prove the thesis adopted at the beginning of the article.

5

Zniesławienie na Facebooku

100%

Wełyczko S.

Themis Polska Nova

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2015

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nr 2(9)

192-215

EN

The article examines the mechanisms of defamation in the internet space, social media and Facebook in particular. Human dignity is protected both as a constitutional value and as an individual right, though in everyday practice law-enforcement bodies usually tend to be unwilling to react to violations of human dignity, while appropriate legal provisions are often not in place to be implemented. Actions taken by the police in investigating appropriate cases do not always manage to identify perpetrators or bring them to justice. Most internet or cyber crime occurs across international borders and can be committed anonymously. There are certain types of defamatory statements that are considered to harm the reputation of the victim. Libel in the internet involves cyberbullying, online harassment, cyber-stalking, and, most of all, internet trolls. Trolling is any deliberate and intentional attempt to disrupt the credibility of others, often involving petty arguments. People tend to lose control of their emotions when they go online. An explosion of raw and unbridled emotions follows, standards wane, and eventually some internet users lose their touch with reality. Cyber violence and online harassment are punishable crimes and are subject to criminal prosecution: defamation, libel and online threats. Stalking and vulgar language in public places are offences subject to public prosecution and the provisions of the Petty Offences Procedure Code. . Generally, a defamatory statement published to third parties has to be proved and it has to be proved that the publisher knew or should have known that the statement that they made which harmed the reputation was false. The good name or reputation of another can be damaged, or even totally destroyed, in a number of ways. To calumniate another is certainly to ruin a person’s or a company their good name and so to do them an injustice. The number of criminal offences under Article 212 has increased four times over the past ten years.

6

Prywatność i bezpieczeństwo

100%

Mizia M.

Prace Naukowe Wydziału Architektury Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Architektura Mieszkaniowa

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2007

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tom Vol. 7, nr 5

80-84

EN

The reason why one feels insecure in the contemporary housing quarters of big cities and particularly in large metropolies is all kinds and forms of aggression displayed both by our co-inhabitants and strangers. We should look for causes of such a situation in ourselves with the help of other interested parties: neighbors, relatives, therapists, as well as law enforcement units and local authorities. It is only a full awareness and understanding of the essence of the existing threat, its contemporary background and ways of counteracting it, that arc capable of diminishing our fear. Aggression itself is an inherent feature of humanity, likewise the colour of one's eyes or hair; one can only try to consciously diminish it. Thus, jointly and mutually, we can learn how to fight off the symptoms of aggression through continually increasing our awareness.

7

100%

Kapera A. , Kapera J.

Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały

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2021

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nr 1(28)

133-146

EN

The aim of the study was to present the main threats related to the use of the Internet by the Polish youth and to analyse them with particular emphasis on issues related to hate speech. Using the Internet, apart from its undoubted usability, brings with it a number of threats, among which are: malware (including spyware, ransomware, “crypto-miners” and adware), invasion of privacy (both by private individuals (stalking) and advertising companies), phishing, spam, hate speech, paedophilia, human trafficking, cyber-bullying, and, less frequently, targeted attacks. According to the survey, nearly 70% of the respondents encountered threats on the Internet. The phenomenon of hate speech affects 37% of respondents who fell victim to it and 18% who practised hate speech.

8

Covid Tracking Apps, Over Reliance on Technology, Bias and Unfairness

100%

Hilcenko C. , Taubman-Bassirian T. , Kovacic Z.

Journal of Education, Technology and Computer Science

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2021

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tom 12

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nr 2(32)

93-103

EN

Various contact tracing apps tracking the spread of the pandemic were issued in different countries. Mainly based on two technologies, centralised with more control by the governments or decentralised controlled by the Apple or Google Android mobile phone systems. In this paper, we will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the different systems, as well as their potential dangers.

9

Right to publication of information about the sphere of privacy in Polish law

100%

Święcka K.

Studia Prawnicze

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2011

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nr 2 (188)

59-86

EN

One of the interests protected by the law is an individual’s privacy. We should also remember that, most of all, it is an individual himself who always remains a decision-maker while determining the scope of his privacy to be protected, and this is his right within informative autonomy that remains the crucial point of reference for legal evaluations. It does not mean that there are no exceptions to this, nevertheless, the scope of press invasion of this sphere of human life is determined unanimously either by the legislator (as it is in the Polish law – Art. 14 par. 6 of the PL, or in the Lithuanian Civil Code - Art. 2.23 § 3) or by the court jurisdiction. Circumstances of private and family life include such spheres of life with reference to which social interest does not cause the state’s invasion. The sphere of private life is subject to special legal protection. A principle banning dissemination of information from the sphere of privacy in the mass media should be adopted. Invasion of this sphere of life is exceptionally admissible under Art. 14 par. 6 of the PL when a specific behavior of a criticized person, which he/she has been accused of, goes beyond the boundaries of private or family life in its strict sense, and directly influences a public activity. In the case of invasion of the sphere of privacy, the issue whether the allegations are true recedes into the background. The first criterion of the investigation should be the question whether social usefulness of given facts justifies publication of information about an individual’s personal life in the media. The provision of Art. 14 par. 6 of the PL allows publication of information about an individual’s private life only if it is directly connected with his/her activity. It is assumed that some facts from an individual’s life must be capable of contributing to the evaluation of actions he/she is carrying out within his/her public activity. A degree of privacy does not matter here (more or less intimate relations) but the fact whether revealed information from an individual’s life may impact on the way they are conducting their public activity. It should be added that the jurisdiction of the European Court protects private life of, e.g. a politician, too. Family and private life is still subject to protection even though public opinion has the right to learn about such matters but only those which are connected with politicians’ official position or those that influence the evaluation of their credibility . Regulations concerning “exclusion of privacy protection” of public figures are nowadays recognized in many contemporary legal systems either by means of explicit legislative decisions or jurisdiction, and they are commonly treated as a necessary element of control exercised in a democratic state of law over persons performing important functions in the society. For instance Art. 9 of the French Civil Code stipulates that private life is explicitly and specially protected within the right to personality. Lithuanian Civil Code expressly bans publication of information from the sphere of privacy. It is exceptionally admissible with regard to persons holding public offices without their consent only if it is justified by reasonable public interest (Art. 2.23). The prerequisites of invasion of the sphere of privacy are similar in most countries (it results from the jurisdiction, doctrine or legislation). They include: holding a public position/office by individuals, a possibility provided by disseminated information to evaluate their actions in connection with their functions. We cannot draw a clear border between the right to privacy and the right to information. Nevertheless, it should be noticed that individuals performing public functions (or those who have become popular in result of their professional activity, e.g. actors or journalists) have the right to privacy protection too. Persons who are popular, those who hold top offices/positions in a state, or politicians, are doomed to be subject of greater inquisitiveness and criticism of the media, but the scope of such interest should be determined statutorily or shaped by means of court jurisdiction.

10

How To Construct Support Vector Machines Without Breaching Privacy

100%

Zhan J. , Chang L. , Matwin S.

Studia Informatica : systems and information technology

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2006

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tom Vol. 1(7)

233--244

EN

This paper addresses the problem of data sharing among multiple parties in the following scenario: without disclosing their private data to each other, multiple parties, each having a private data set, want to collaboratively construct support vector machines using a linear, polynomial or sigmoid kernel function. To tackle this problem, we develop a secure protocol for multiple parties to conduct the desired computation. In our solution, multiple parties use homomorphic encryption and digital envelope techniques to exchange the data while keeping it private. All the parties are treated symmetrically: they all participate in the encryption and in the computation involved in learning support vector machines.

11

Prywatność w mediach - obraz polityka w tygodniku opinii "Wprost"

100%

Szwed A.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2013

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nr 3(25)

569-584

EN

In the election campaign, politicians use the media to improve the image. They also want to discredit political opponents. They use rumors and factoids. Politicians in „Wprost” before the parliamentary election in 2011, in Poland, they created positive image and they competed about the place on the election list. Because of celebritisation of politics disappeared border between the public sphere and the private sphere of the activities. Politicians in the pre-election interviews are telling about family, hobby, the private life and friendships. In this way, they let journalists on continuing the subject of their private life on. The text illustrated with examples taken from polish politics before the parliamentary election in 2011.

12

Sféra soukromí a sféra zaměstnání − synergie či antagonismus?

100%

Novotná Březovská B.

Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne

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2012

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nr 2

429-436

EN

This contribution deals with privacy at work from the angle of social psychology and ethics. The purpose is to try to find a definition of privacy itself and to point out the ambivalence of privacy in the private sphere of life and in the public sphere of life. It occurs that its roots are essentially ethical.

13

Data retention as a counter-terrorism instrument. The analysis in the context of civil rights protection

100%

Trela-Zielińska J.

Reality of Politics

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2017

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nr 8

141-153

EN

The article analyses the legitimacy of citizens telecommunications data retention usage in the fight against terrorism. Data retention, that is the preventive storage of information on the source, data, hour and duration of a connection, type of the connection, communication tool and location of a recipient, is a powerful source of knowledge about citizens and their use should be soundly justified. However, both the European Union and Polish practices show that behind this interference in privacy there is neither a guarantee that the data stored would be used exclusively to fight terrorism and severe crimes, nor a sufficient access control mechanism. The efficiency of data use in the fight against organized crimes, including terrorism, is also dubious. In her work the author analyses Polish studies concerning information disclosure issues, Internet publications of the European Union and American reports on retention programmes, as well as Polish and foreign positions of non-governmental organizations engaged in the civil rights protection in this respect.

14

The Prospects for Consumer-Oriented Social Media

88%

Clarke R.

Organizacija

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2014

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tom 47

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nr 4

219-230

EN

Background and Purpose: The term ‘social media’ refers to a cluster of applications and online services that support human interaction and content broadcasting and sharing. Current services are isolated islands or ‘walled gardens’, and are based on a business model that is highly exploitative of individuals and their data. Design/Methodology/Approach: Surveys of the refereed literature have been undertaken on several occasions during the period 2012-13. Reviews were conducted of social media services that are reasonably described as ‘consumer-oriented’. Media reports on those services were uncovered. The available information was then subjected to analysis, including reflection based on prior research conducted by the author. Results: Required characteristics of consumer-oriented social media, and barriers to emergence and adoption of such services were identified. That provided a basis for proposing means to overcome those barriers. Key impediments to the emergence of such services were identified, and means of overcoming the impediments outlined. Conclusion: An alternative, consumer-oriented approach is feasible, involving open architecture, inter-operability and portability features, fair terms and privacy-sensitivity.

15

Limiting Data Exposure in Multi-Label Classification Processes

88%

Anciaux N. , Boutara D. , Nguyen B. , Vazirgiannis M.

Fundamenta Informaticae

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2015

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tom Vol. 137, nr 2

219--236

EN

Administrative services such social care, tax reduction, and many others using complex decision processes, request individuals to provide large amounts of private data items, in order to calibrate their proposal to the specific situation of the applicant. This data is subsequently processed and stored by the organization. However, all the requested information is not needed to reach the same decision. We have recently proposed an approach, termed Minimum Exposure, to reduce the quantity of information provided by the users, in order to protect her privacy, reduce processing costs for the organization, and financial lost in the case of a data breach. In this paper, we address the case of decision making processes based on sets of classifiers, typically multi-label classifiers. We propose a practical implementation using state of the art multi-label classifiers, and analyze the effectiveness of our solution on several real multi-label data sets.

16

Privacy frontiers in customers' relations with banks

88%

Piotrowski D.

Economics and Business Review

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2023

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tom 9

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nr 1

119-141

XX

The widespread use of digital technologies in banking allows banks to obtain and analyse huge amounts of data from different communication channels. While this phenomenon is conducive to improving the quality of services it also increases the risk of privacy breaches. The aim of this study is to identify what factors determine consumer acceptance of banks' use of public access personal data found on social media accounts. The results indicate the importance of the ifnancial incentive and consumers' assessment of banks' information activities regarding the processing of personal data. Determinants relating to the technological sophisti cation of respondents were also found to be significant, with a particular focus on the ethical evaluation of deci sions made by Arfticial Intelligence algorithms. The results of the work may be used by banks in practice to adapt the area of personal data management to the requirements of e-privacy and Trustworthy Artifcial Intelligence.

17

Autonomous Vehicles – a New Challenge to Human Rights?

88%

Iwan D.

Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review

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2019

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tom 9

EN

New technologies, as autonomous vehicles are, disrupt the way people exist, and con-sequently with human rights. Research devoted to artificial intelligence and robotics moves freely and the destination, for the time being, is unknown. This is the reason why special attention should be paid to the ethics of these branches of computer science in order to prevent the creation of a crisis point, when human beings are no longer neces-sary.. The aim of this paper is to examine whether such development is a new challenge to human rights law and what happens when an autonomous vehicle drives an autono-mous human being. The paper also mentions the desirable level of human control over the machine so that human dignity, from which human rights originate, is preserved.

18

Demographic and Socio-Economic Factors as Barriers to Robo-Advisory Acceptance in Poland

88%

Piotrowski D.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia

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2022

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tom 56

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nr 3

109-126

EN

Theoretical background: One manifestation of the use of artificial intelligence technology in financial services is robo-advisory. Automated assistants are used in the area of communication with consumers and the sale of financial products. The development of robo-advisory services may contribute to increasing the availability of financial services and the cost efficiency of banks’ operations. So far, however, robo-advisory has not been widely used in bank services, and the reasons for this can be seen in the lack of wide acceptance of robo-advisory by bank customers, among other things.Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to identify barriers to the acceptance of robo-advisory in the services of banks operating in Poland. Variables relating to the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of consumers were analysed. Knowledge in this area can provide banks with a practical guideline for activities aimed at increasing acceptance of artificial intelligence technology and wider use of robo-advisory in financial services.Research methods: The paper uses the results of a survey conducted in October 2020 regarding the application of artificial intelligence technology in the banking sector in Poland. The survey included a representative sample of 911 Polish citizens aged 18–65. A multinomial logit model was employed to identify variables that represent significant barriers to robo-advisory acceptance in financial services.Main findings: The conducted research helped identify the barriers to acceptance of robo-advisory among consumers in Poland. A low propensity to use robo-advisory in bank services is characteristic of respondents from older age groups, as well as those who do not show a predilection for testing new technological solutions. Lack of experience in using investment advisory services and customer concerns about the misuse of personal data by banks are also significant barriers.

19

Polski dyskurs prywatności

88%

Kita M.

Postscriptum Polonistyczne

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2013

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nr 1(11)

93-103

EN

The main hypothesis presented in this article is the very existence of the discourse of privacy that is rooted in culture. This research covers the area of Polish contemporary discourse. The author claims that certain parts of the world of discourse consist of specific genres of speech and cultural scripts that determine the subsequent language choices of those who communicate. The author also implies that privacy as a psycho‑social feature is relative and it is revealed in a bipolar (PRIVATE – PUBLIC) structure. She implies that there is the migration of the discourse of privacy manifestations from their natural context („internal world“ of an individual, home, family, friends) to the public discourse. Such transgressive behaviour of participants of the „worlds of texts“ is one of the most important features of postmodern contemporaneity.

20

Privacy and data protection: Legal aspects in the Republic of Macedonia

88%

Osmani N.

Academicus. International Scientific Journal

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2016

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nr 14

59-68

EN

The purpose of this paper is to present a theoretical assessment of the existing Law on Personal Data Protection in the Republic of Macedonia. The paper aims to analyse whether there is a need for additional legal tools in order to achieve a balance between maintaining data integrity in the digital age and the use of modern technology. The paper discusses the meaning of “information privacy” in the age of big data, cyber threats and the domestic and international response to these issues. Special focus is dedicated to privacy policy enforcement in European Union Law. Having regard to the development of new technologies, prevailing data protection legislation may no longer be able to provide effective protection for individuals’ personal information. Therefore, existing laws should be continuously adapted to respond to new challenges and situations deriving from different online activities and communications.