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EN
In 2007 and 2008 studies aimed to determine the effect of preparation belonging to carbamate compounds (Pirimor 500 WG), organophosphorus compounds (Diazol 500 EW), and quinazolin compounds (Magus 200 SC), on the oxygen consumption rate by adult beetles Anoplotrupes stercorosus were performed. Experiments were carried out under diverse ambient temperatures (14, 19, 24 i 29°C) using two ways of intoxication – contact intoxication or intoxication by ingestion of the biocide. In control insects the ambient temperature affected the oxygen demand only to a small extent. Usually, insecticide preparations which were used, markedly potentiated the oxygen consumption. In those experimental groups significant increases of oxygen consumption as the effect of ambient temperature elevation were noted. The mode of the intoxication influenced oxygen consumption only very slightly. The highest values of oxygen consumption were noted in animals treated by contact intoxication.
PL
W 2007 i 2008 roku przeprowadzono badania wpływu preparatów owadobójczych z grupy karbaminianów (Pirimor 500 WG), insektycydów fosfoorganicznych (Diazol 500 EW) i pochodnych chinazolin (Magus 200 SC) na tempo konsumpcji tlenu dorosłych osobników Anoplotrupes stercorosus. Badania przeprowadzono w odmiennych warunkach termicznych otoczenia (14, 19, 24 i 29°C), stosując dwa sposoby intoksykacji – kontaktową oraz poprzez traktowanie biocydami pokarmu. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że temperatura otoczenia tylko w niewielkim stopniu wpływała na zapotrzebowanie tlenowe owadów z grupy kontrolnej. Zastosowane preparaty owadobójcze zwykle nasilały konsumpcję tlenu. W grupie zwierząt intoksykowanych ulegała ona również istotnemu zwiększeniu wraz ze wzrostem temperatury otoczenia. Większe wartości tempa metabolizmu odnotowano u zwierząt traktowanych kontaktowo w stosunku do zwierząt traktowanych pokarmowo.
EN
Demographic toxicology is recommended for toxicity determination of the long term effects of a pesticide since it gives a more accurate and efficient measure of the effect of a pesticide. Thus, in the current study the sublethal effects of pirimicarb (carbamate insecticide) two concentrations of LC30 and LC10 were used against third instar larvae of Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) in order to determine the effects of the pesticide on demographic parameters of the predator under laboratory conditions. Results showed that pirimicarb did not affect individual life parameters such as development time of larva, pupa, adult longevity, female and male longevity, adult preoviposition period (APOP), and total preoviposition period (TPOP). However, population parameters such as intrinsic rate of increase (r), net reproductive rate (R0), mean generation time (T), and finite rate of increase (λ) was affected by sublethal treatment. For example, intrinsic rate of increase (r) was 0.18 day–1 in the controls but it was 0.13 and 0.14 day–1 in the treated insects with LC10 and LC30 concentrations, respectively. Also, there were significant differences between mean generation time (T) of the treatments and the controls i.e. mean generation time of the controls was 29.03 days while mean generation time in the two treatments of LC10 and LC30 was 33.93 and 31.66 days, respectively. The finite rate of increase was also significantly affected by sublethal effects of the pesticide. The results showed that pirimicarb, even at low concentrations, has potential to adversely affect the predatory ladybird, therefore care should be taken when this insecticide is used in the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program.
EN
Circadian and seasonal changes in the susceptibility of honeybee (Apis mellifera) workers to intoxication by organophosphate, benzoylphenyl urea, carbamate, and oxadiazine insecticides have been studied from 2008 to 2009. Animals were collected in two apiaries located in the surroundings of Mielec and Tarnobrzeg in the Sub-Carpathian Province. The experiments consisted of intoxication by select xenobiotics of the subsequent groups of animals in two-hour intervals for a period of 24 hours and the analysis of their survivability. Experiments were carried out in spring and summer. The results suggest that the susceptibility of bees to different groups of insecticides varies significantly, both in the circadian and seasonal rhythms.
EN
Aphids are one of the most important economic pests and vectors of viral diseases in crops. Brevicoryne brassicae L., one of the most serious aphid pests in Brassicaceae, if not controlled, often reaches very high densities. The present study compared the systemic effects of ethanolic, methanolic and aqueous Melia azedarach L., Peganum harmala L., Calendula officinalis L. and Otostegia persica Boissier extracts with two systemic pesticides, acetamiprid and pirimicarb (at the maximum label-recommended rate). Population growth percentages of B. brassicae through leaf spraying under greenhouse conditions were assessed. The chemicals were sprayed on one of the leaves in greenhouse condition. The results indicated that all the plant extracts have systemic effects at different levels. Among different extracts, O. persica ethanolic extract, P. harmala methanolic extract and M. azedarach aqueous extract resulted in a reduction of the B. brassicae population
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