Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Organic food consumption by athletes in Lithuania

100%

Baranauskas M. , Stukas R. , Tubelis L. , Žagminas K. , Šurkienė G. , Dobrovolskij V. , Jakubauskienė M. , Giedraitis V. R.

Open Medicine

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2014

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tom 10

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nr 1

EN

Background: With environmental pollution increasing, interest in organic farming and organic foodstuffs has been growing all over the world. Data on organic food consumption by Lithuanian athletes is not yet available. This lack of data determined the aim of this study: to identify the particulars of organic foodstuff consumption among athletes. Methods: In September–November 2012, we polled 158 of the best-performing athletes of the Olympic sports team through direct interviews. An approved questionnaire was used to identify the specifics of organic foodstuff consumption among athletes. Results: The survey results showed that 97% of athletes consume organic foodstuffs, and 80% of athletes highlighted the positive impact of organic food on health. Nevertheless, a slim majority of athletes (51.7%) consume organic foodstuffs seldomly, 2–3 times per week. The range of organic foodstuffs consumed depends on the gender of athletes, and the consumption of some products depends on monthly incomes. Conclusions: Survey results confirm the need for the production and expansion of the variety of organic foodstuffs. In the course of the development of the organic food market, it should be beneficial for manufacturers to target high-performance athletes and physically active people.

2

Wsparcie rolnictwa ekologicznego w Polsce po 2004 roku

100%

Adamska H. , Golinowska M.

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development

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2014

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nr 1(31)

EN

Support for organic farming after 2004 till now includes two programming periods. Surcharges from the EU budget are the main source of financing in agricultural sector. Founds from PROW allocated between 2004 and 2011 grew over 135.42k EUR and all transfers grew over 408.19k EUR. The aim of the research was to analyse changes regarding support for organic farming, taking into account its features including an area of agricultural crops, permanent grasslands, vegetables and orchards. Diversification of the amount of aid for organic farming in Poland is big and depends on the structure of ecological land use and organic farms’ surface.

PL

Wsparcie rolnictwa ekologicznego po 2004 roku w Polsce do chwili obecnej obejmuje dwa okresy programowania. Głównym źródłem finansowania sektora rolnego są środki z budżetu europejskiego. Świadczenia w latach 2004-2011 ze środków PROW przyrastały o 135,52 tys. euro, a wszystkie transfery o 408,19 tys. euro. Celem badań było przeanalizowanie zmian wsparcia dla rolnictwa ekologicznego z uwzględnieniem cech rolnictwa ekologicznego, takich jak: powierzchnia upraw ekologicznych z podziałem na uprawy rolnicze, trwałe użytki zielone, warzywa i sady. Zróżnicowanie wielkości dopłat rolnictwa ekologicznego w Polsce jest duże i uzależnione od struktury ekologicznego użytkowania gruntów oraz powierzchni ekologicznej.

3

Perspektywy rozwoju rolnictwa ekologicznego w świetle wyników badań gospodarstw konwencjonalnych

100%

Kociszewski K.

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development

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2014

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nr 1(31)

EN

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the perspectives of development of organic food supply in Poland. The work contains the results of the nationwide survey which was carried out among conventional farms’ owners. It was evaluated that – according to farmers’ declaration – organic farms number can be equal to 6.8-24.2% of all Polish farms. The main incentives influencing conversion into organic farming methods are health and environment care, satisfaction from work and agri-environmental subsidies. The main identified barriers are limited sales possibilities, low profitability of production, high labour intensity, high production cost, and low yield. In a long run the development of organic market could be stimulated by the increase of demand. In the middle time period, there is a need for the increase of subsidies rates which should be combined with the improvement of certification and control system.

PL

Celem opracowania było określenie perspektyw rozwoju strony podażowej rynku rolniczych produktów ekologicznych w warunkach polskich. Przedstawiono w nim wyniki ogólnopolskich badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych wśród rolników konwencjonalnych. Oszacowano, że według deklaracji rolników, liczba gospodarstw ekologicznych może wzrosnąć do wielkości odpowiadającej 6,8-24,2% ogółu polskich gospodarstw. Głównymi motywami przejścia na metody ekologiczne są dbałość o zdrowie i środowisko, satysfakcja z pracy oraz dotacje rolnośrodowiskowe. Jako bariery zidentyfikowano: ograniczone możliwości sprzedaży, niską opłacalność produkcji, dużą pracochłonność, wysokie koszty wytwarzania i obniżone plony. W długim okresie rozwój rynku może być stymulowany wzrostem popytu. W średnim okresie potrzebne jest podniesienie stawek dotacji w powiązaniu z usprawnieniem systemu certyfikacji i kontroli gospodarstw.

4

System dynamics model for policy scenarios of organic farming development

100%

Rozman Č. , Pažek K. , Prišenk J. , Škraba A. , Kljajić M.

Organizacija

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2012

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tom 45

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nr 5

212-218

EN

This paper presents the system dynamics model of organic farming development in order to support decision making. The model seeks answers to strategic questions related to the level of organically utilized area, levels of production and crop selection in a long-term dynamic context. The model will be used for simulation of different policy scenarios for organic farming and their impact on economic and environmental parameters of organic production at an aggregate level. Using the model, several policy scenarios were performed.

5

Consumer Behavior on the Organic Fruit and Vegetable Market: The Evidence from Poland

100%

Pawlak J. , Wróblewska W.

Journal of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour in Emerging Markets

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2022

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nr 2(15)

24-36

EN

Consumer opinion and behavior research plays an important role in the development of the market of specific products. Currently, research in the field of consumer behavior towards organic food, which is gaining popularity on the Polish market whose production is in line with the concept of sustainable development and the European Green Deal related to it, is of particular importance. The aim of the study was to analyze the opinion and behaviors of consumers as regards organic fruit and vegetables and the promotion of these products as a determinant of them. The data for the analyzes came from empirical research conducted in Lublin at the turn of 2019 and 2020 by means of a proprietary questionnaire. The research was carried out on a sample of 534 respondents aged over 18. The scope of the research covered the opinions and behaviors of consumers towards organic fruit and vegetables as well as the factors determining the commencement of making or increasing the frequency of purchases of these products. An attempt was also made to defi ne the relationship between the opinions and behaviors presented by consumers and their demographic and socio-economic characteristics. The results of the research show that half of the respondents purchased organic fruit and vegetables, of which only 1/4 claimed to do so regularly and quite often (several times a week). The respondents most often purchased these products in specialized stores – with organic food. According to the surveyed consumers, organic fruit and vegetables are rich in nutrients, healthy and safe, and produced using environmentally friendly methods. The most important factors influencing the increase in purchases and consumption and thus the development of the market for organic products were the increase in the availability of this product category in the places of everyday shopping and the reduction of their prices as the most important factors. The conducted research showed that for the respondents, promotional campaigns aimed at popularizing organic food, its values and impact on human health are not without significance.

6

Rozwój rolnictwa ekologicznego w Polsce w latach 2006–2009

89%

Kacprzak E. , Kołodziejczak A.

Rozwój Regionalny i Polityka Regionalna

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2011

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nr 14

117-136

EN

The aim of the article is to present the results of a research on spatial differences in organic farming in Poland over the years 2006–2009. This type of farming finds ever more proponents here. The legal measures undertaken and the financial intervention means earmarked for it soon produced a 25-fold increase in the number and a 30-fold increase in the area of organic farms in the country over the study period. The dynamic increase in eco-farms was accompanied by the development of the processing of ecological agricultural products. Over the years 2006–2009 the number of entities processing such products in Poland grew by nearly 80%.

PL

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wyników badań zróżnicowania przestrzennego rolnictwa ekologicznego w Polsce w latach 2006–2009. Ten sposób gospodarowania znajduje w Polsce coraz więcej zwolenników. Podjęte działania prawne i interwencyjne środki finansowe po akcesji Polski do UE szybko przełożyły się na 25-krotny wzrost liczby oraz 30-krotny wzrost powierzchni gospodarstw ekologicznych w Polsce w latach 2001–2009. Dynamicznemu wzrostowi „ekogospodarstw” towarzyszył rozwój przetwórstwa produktów ekologicznych. W latach 2006–2009 w Polsce liczba podmiotów zajmujących się przetwarzaniem ekologicznych produktów rolnych wzrosła niemal o 80%.

7

Funkcjonowanie klastrów rolno-żywnościowych na ekologicznym rynku rolnym w Polsce

89%

Kacprzak E.

Rozwój Regionalny i Polityka Regionalna

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2014

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nr 26

119-133

EN

This paper seeks to assess the level of development of Polish ecological agri-food clusters in terms of the country’s potential of organic farming, ecological processing of farm products, and the distribution of food produced with the help of ecological methods. Despite the upsurge of interest in clustering observed in Poland in the first decade of the 21st century as well as the growing number of clusters and intensive development of organic farming, it was found that agri-food clusters embracing entities producing ecological food were still of marginal significance. At the start of 2014 there were only two: the Ecological Food Valley Cluster and the Kujavia-Pomerania Cluster, a division of Ekoland, the Association of Food Producers Using Ecological Methods. The assessment of the operation of those clusters shows unequivocally that the process of building ecological agri-food clusters only just starts in Poland. Today clustering still utilises the potential of Polish organic farming to a very small extent.

PL

W artykule oceniono poziom rozwoju ekologicznych klastrów rolno-spożywczych w kontekście potencjału polskiego rolnictwa ekologicznego, przetwórstwa ekologicznych płodów rolnych i dystrybucji żywności wyprodukowanej metodami ekologicznymi. Stwierdzono, że pomimo obserwowanego w Polsce w pierwszym dziesięcioleciu XXI w. wzrostu zainteresowania klasteringiem i rosnącej liczby klastrów oraz intensywnego rozwoju rolnictwa ekologicznego, klastry rolno-żywnościowe skupiające podmioty związane z produkcją żywności ekologicznej mają marginalne znaczenie. Na początku 2014 r. istniały jedynie dwa: klaster Dolina Ekologicznej Żywności oraz klaster Kujawsko-Pomorski Oddział Stowarzyszenia Producentów Żywności Metodami Ekologicznymi „Ekoland”. Ocena funkcjonowania tych klastrów jednoznacznie wskazuje, że proces budowy ekologicznych klastrów rolno-żywnościowych w Polsce dopiero się rozpoczyna i obecnie klastering jedynie w bardzo niewielkim stopniu wykorzystuje potencjał polskiego rolnictwa ekologicznego.

8

Urban agriculture in Havana – evidence from empirical research

88%

Górna A. , Górny K.

Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development

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2020

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tom 24

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nr 2

85-93

EN

The aim of this article is to indicate the features of contemporary urban agriculture present in the contiguously built-up areas of Havana. Using an exploratory and classification approach, the authors draw on fieldwork and a prior analysis of satellite and aerial imagery, first to characterize the spatial distribution of urban gardens and then to point to their main intrinsic features, including the methods and organization of production and the functions performed. The research conducted shows that urban agriculture is distributed across the city in an uneven fashion, with the main concentration in districts of lower-density urban construction, which reflects the availability of land resources intentionally left between buildings by modernist planners. The most common production technique applied is organopónico, or organoponics. However, the material commonly used to construct the bordering walls is asbestos, which may pose a significant threat for both producers and consumers. Two case studies are analyzed to exemplify different approaches to organic food production.

9

Gospodarstwa łączące ekologiczne i konwencjonalne metody produkcji na tle ekologicznych

88%

Nachtman G.

Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej

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2015

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nr 3(344)

129-147

EN

Organic farming in Poland covers farms using only organic farming methods and farms where organic and conventional systems coexist. Statistics capture them jointly as organic farms. This distorts the real picture of the Polish organic farming, especially the average area of farms, and production and economic situation, which is evidenced by data from organic farms keeping accounting under the Polish FADN. There were considerable differences between the analysed organic and “mixed” farms as regards the cropping structure and livestock population, level of incurred costs and production efficiency, thereby their profitability. Results of the analysis proved that mixed farms were fairly competitive in economic terms against farms using strictly organic production methods, and their income was far less dependent on external support, although the level of subsidies to operating activities per 1 ha of utilised agricultural area was close to the level noted for organic farms.

10

Development of organic farming in Ukraine as a process of innovation diffusion

88%

Maciejczak M. , Zakharov K.

Roczniki Naukowe Stowarzyszenia Ekonomistów Rolnictwa i Agrobiznesu

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2011

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tom 13

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nr 6

EN

The paper aims to describe the development of organie farming in Ukrainę and the prospects of its growth based on the paradigm of innovation diffusion. The paper argues that development of organie farming in Ukraine could be considered not only as a source of positive externality for the economy, but in micro scale, as innovation that generates competitive advantages through food supply chain.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono sektor rolnictwa ekologicznego na Ukrainie oraz perspektywy jego rozwoju w oparciu o paradygmat dyfuzji innowacji. Stwierdzono, że rozwój rolnictwa ekologicznego na Ukrainie może być postrzegany nie tylko jako źródło pozytywnych efektów zewnętrznych dla gospodarki, a także w skali mikro, jako innowacje, które mogą stanowić podstawę budowania przewagi konkurencyjnej w zakresie całego łańcucha żywnościowego.

11

Spatial Diversification of Situation of the Organic Farming in the Polish Voivodeships in the Years 2010–2018

88%

Podawca K. , Dąbkowski N.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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tom Vol. 21, nr 6

191--200

EN

The paper raises the problem of changes in situation of the organic farming in Poland. A set of features and indexes characterizing development or recession of the organic farms in individual voivodeships has been worked out. The authors used data for the years 2010–2018, made available in the Local Data Bank, and reports on the state of the organic farms in Poland. Quantitative and areal changes have been presented, concerning firstly the organic farms in relation to all farms as well as the agricultural area and, secondly, certified farms in relation to the organic farms. Using the arithmetic mean of synthetic indexes, the evaluation results have been compared to the synthetic index of usefulness for organic production which was worked out in the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation (IUNG) in Pulawy. A diversification of the voivodeships has been presented in terms of recession or development of the organic farms. Regions have been also selected where the negative trend of the phenomenon is opposite to that indicated by advantageous conditions for the organic farming. Examples of such voivodeships are Silesian, Holy Cross or Lower Silesian. The performed analysis proves that an interest in the organic farming in Poland significantly decreased in recent years. One can find the recession of the organic farming in 10 voivodeships, even at the level of 30–65% in the Silesian, Holy Cross, Lesser Poland and Subcarpathia. The satisfactory development level of the organic farms through the recent 9 years has been stated only in three voivodeships: Lodz Province, Podlaskie, Warmian-Masurian.

12

Meeting the European green deal objective of expanding organic farming

88%

Kowalska A. , Bieniek M.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

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2022

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tom 17

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nr 3

607-633

EN

Research background: Economic growth is unsustainable. However, a circular economy has the potential to lead to sustainable development, while decoupling economic growth from the negative consequences of resource depletion and environmental degradation. The EU's strategy of climate neutralization in 2050 developed, inter alia, into a European Green Deal action plan aiming at the efficient use of resources by moving to a cleaner, circular economy. More sustainable EU food system is a cornerstone of the European Green Deal. The European Commission's goal is 25% of agricultural land to be used for organic production in 2030. The question is if it is possible to reach the objective with the use of current incentives. What else may be done to encourage European farmers to convert to organic farming? Purpose of the article: The aim of this research is to review the development of organic agriculture in Europe and the EU and to identify incentives for farmers to convert to organic farming. Methods: First of all, the methodological approach is to iteratively review the existing literature to frame the problem. Secondly, the data on organic agriculture in Europe is to be analyzed to answer the research questions. The analysis is based on international statistics, mainly collected by FiBL, IFOAM, EC Agri-food data portal and Eurostat..Fitting the trend functions to the actual data has been made in three scenarios (pessimistic, realistic and optimistic). These trend functions were used for the long-term forecasts of the share of organic farmland in the EU. Findings & value added: The long-run forecast might be treated as a goal, which can motivate to act more intensively to achieve the objective. The existing measures, including organic farming payments, are not sufficient to meet the goal of massive increase in the acreage under organic production. It is necessary to develop new incentives e.g. Green Public Procurement, innovative and effective media campaigns, development of a dynamic network of actors within the organic food supply chain with the use of blockchain technology.

13

Warzywnictwo ekologiczne szansą rozwoju polskich gospodarstw

88%

Adamicki F. , Kaniszewski S.

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2001

|

tom T. 55, nr 1

10-13

PL

W ostatnich latach obserwuje się wzrost produkcji ekologicznej (organicznej), jak również wzrost konsumpcji produktów ekologicznych. W produkcji organicznej nie stosuje się sztucznych nawozów ani też żadnych pestycydów, dzięki czemu uzyskuje się ekologiczną! Żywność. W Polsce gospodarstwa ekologiczne stanowią tylko 0,03% ogólnej liczby gospodarstw, podczas gdy w Unii Europejskiej udział ten wynosi 2%. Stosunkowo niskie zużycie nawozów i pestycydów w Polsce, stwarza duże możliwości organicznej uprawy warzyw. Omówiono organizację produkcji organicznej i dystrybucję produktów ekologicznych w Holandii.

EN

In last few years important increase of organic production and consumption of organic products is observed. Organic farming does not use any artificial fertilizers or chemical pesticides, thanks to that ecological food is obtained. Food produced in this way is specially lapelled and fetches higher prices. Organic farms in Poland account only 0,03% of the total number of farms, while in European Union 2%. Relatively low use of artificial fertilizers and pesticide in Poland gives a very good possibility for organic vegetable farming. Organization and distribution of organic products in the Netherlands is described.

14

Szanse i bariery rozwoju rolnictwa ekologicznego a wielofunkcyjny rozwój obszarów wiejskich i rolnictwa w opinii wybranych rolników ekologicznych na Dolnym Śląsku

88%

Kajdanek K. , Smoliński G.

Społeczeństwo i Ekonomia

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2016

|

nr 1(5)

56-58

EN

The article focuses on opportunities and threats to the development of organic farming in the perspective of two paradoxes: firstly, a paradox between multifunctional rural development and multifunctional agriculture development, since the core of the first concept marginalises agriculture although it is simultaneously suggested that multifunctional agriculture is necessary to ensure the quality of rusticity in the rural areas. Secondly, there is a paradox between two social roles of organic farmers: they are expected to guarantee rusticity, but they are also business people who need to sell their produce and it may lead to a significant reduction of their role to a mere economic category. To examine the chances and barriers the authors have conducted ten semi-structured interviews with purposely chosen organic farmers from Lower Silesia. Results show that organic farmers marginalise one of their social roles, of a businessman, through demarcation of their production (growth cannot be too big), so the biggest chance to develop organic farming is to sell directly using short supply chains. The results also suggest that the most important barrier which limits organic farming, is separation between the place where safe food is produced (the rural area) and a place where farmers sell their food (the city) which is perceived by the farmers as almost insurmountable. The results should help in better understanding of social and economic aspects of organic farming.

15

Wyniki produkcyjno-ekonomiczne uprawy papryki słodkiej w warunkach ekologicznego systemu produkcji

88%

Kuczuk A.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2011

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tom Vol. 56, nr 3

243-249

PL

Papryka słodka (Capsicum annuum L.) ma bardzo wysoką wartość odżywczą oraz biologiczną. Jest coraz chętniej uprawiana w systemie ekologicznej produkcji, w której, aby osiągnąć dobre rezultaty, ważna jest nie tylko ilość uzyskanego produktu, ale także jego jakość zarówno pod względem wartości odżywczej, jak i wizualnej. Uprawa papryki polowej w gospodarstwie ekologicznym wymaga stosowania zabiegów uwzględniających ogólne zasady przyjęte w uprawach ekologicznych: płodozmian, dostarczenie dozwolonych do stosowania składników odżywczych oraz profilaktykę w ochronie uprawy. Ważne jest stanowisko uprawy oraz dobre jego przygotowanie. Ponadto, aby uzyskać zadowalające dochody w produkcji i wydłużyć okres podaży, stosuje się sterowanie doborem odmian wczesnych, średniopóźnych oraz terminem siewu i sadzenia. Pozwala to na uzyskanie lepszych dochodów.

EN

Sweet paprika (Capsicum anuum L.) possesse a great nutritive and biological value. This vegetable is more and more often cultivated in organic farming system. To get good results of paprika production in organic agriculture, it is very important to get the proper product quantity and its quality as well. The field cultivation of sweet paprika in organic farm requires to apply treatments taking into account general rules in organic cultivation: crop-rotation, allowed nutritive components and prevention in crop protection. It is very important to prepare a good place for paprika cultivation. Besides, to get sastisfactory profits, farmers usually control the varieties of early and middle-early selection and time of sowing and planting. It allows to obtain better profits.

16

Gospodarstwa ekologiczne w latach 2005-2010

88%

Wrzaszcz W. , Zegar J. S.

Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej

|

2014

|

nr 2(339)

39-58

EN

Constitutive feature of organic farming is to carry out sustainable agricultural activity in accordance with the requirements of the soil, plants and animals. The systematic increase in the potential of the organic farms in Poland should be considered as positive and desired direction of agriculture development, due to the numerous environmental, economic and social benefits, as well as compliance with the future model of agriculture, based on renewable resources and environmental-friendly and social development of rural areas. The purpose of this article is to provide the basic characteristics of organic farms and their production and economic structures against the background of individual agricultural holdings in 2005-2010.

17

A study into horses use in organic farming in the context of sustainable development in south-east Poland

88%

Topczewska J. , Rogowska A. K. , Ormian M.

Roczniki Naukowe Stowarzyszenia Ekonomistów Rolnictwa i Agrobiznesu

|

2016

|

tom 18

|

nr 3

EN

The aim of the study is to show the advantages of using horses and modern horse-drawn machines in organic farming. The study presents the benefits derived from using horses in agriculture from the aspects of sustainable development. Workhorses, both in organic farming as well as on small family farms, serve as sources of renewable energy thus contributing to the protection of biodiversity. Modern horse-drawn machines and tools improve farms’ self-reliance, enhances the living standards of on-farm workers, empowers local communities and leads to job-creation. The need for further studies and analysis of the use of workhorses in aspects regarding sustainable development in Poland was also signified.

PL

Wskazano na korzyści wynikające z użytkowania koni w rolnictwie w aspekcie zrównoważonego rozwoju. Konie robocze w rolnictwie ekologicznym, a także w małych gospodarstwach rodzinnych, są źródłem energii odnawialnej, przyczyniają się do ochrony bioróżnorodności. Nowoczesne narzędzia i maszyny konne zwiększają samodzielność gospodarstw, przyczyniają się do poprawy jakości życia pracujących, prowadzą do pobudzenia lokalnych społeczności i tworzenia nowych miejsc pracy. Wskazano na potrzebę podjęcia badań i analiz dotyczących użytkowania koni roboczych w warunkach Polski w aspekcie zrównoważonego rozwoju.

18

Problem pozostałości chemicznych środków ochrony roślin w surowcach ekologicznych

88%

Szymona J.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

|

2010

|

tom Vol. 55, nr 4

146-149

PL

Praca zawiera dane z 4.966 gospodarstw rolnych, pozytywnie skontrolowanych przez jednostkę certyfikującą Ekogwarancja PTRE, co stanowi 28,4% wszystkich polskich gospodarstw objętych kontrolą w 2009 roku. W badanych gospodarstwach używano w 2008 roku 19 biologicznych środków ochrony roślin. Najczęściej stosowano Miedziany i Bioczos BR. Wśród stosowanych preparatów znajduje się15 środków zarejestrowanych w Polsce, których lista publikowana jest przez Instytut Ochrony Roślin w Poznaniu oraz 4 dozwolone w rolnictwie ekologicznym Unii Europejskiej, lecz niedozwolonych w naszym kraju. W 103 gospodarstwach pobrano próbki materiału roślinnego, co stanowiło 2,07 % całej kontrolowanej grupy gospodarstw, w celu zbadania pozostałości chemicznych pestycydów, niedozwolonych w rolnictwie ekologicznym. W 17 próbkach poddanych analizie, stwierdzono pozostałości niedozwolonych pestycydów, co stanowi 16,50% wszystkich badanych próbek. Najczęściej stosowaną substancją był chloropiryfos - fungicyd.

EN

Study contains data of 4.966 farms, successfully controlled by Certification Body Ekogwarancja, which constitutes 28,4% of all Polish farms controlled in 2009. Inspected farms used 19 biological plant protection means in 2008, among which Miedzians and Bioczos BR were most popular. Among applied agents, 15 ones were registered in Poland, and their list is published by Plant Protection Institute in Poznań as well as 4 ones permitted to use in organic farms of European Union, but forbidden in Poland. In order to test chemical residues, samples of organic raw material were taken from 103 farms, which constituted 2,07% of controlled farm's group. Chemical residues have been found in 17 samples, which constituted 16,5% of all tested samples. Chloropiryfos - fungicide was the substance most often applied.

19

Organic dairy farming and its effect on milk quality and composition

88%

Barth K.

Animal Science Papers and Reports

|

2004

|

tom 22

|

nr 3

20

The future of organic farming – reflections on the new legislation

87%

Leśkiewicz K.

Przegląd Prawa Rolnego

|

2020

|

nr 1(26)

79-89

PL

The purpose of the considerations is, taking into account the scope of derogations from the requirements of organic production and the competence of certifying authorities, to answer the question whether in comparison to Regulation No 834/2007, new Regulation No 2018/848 serves to ensure the quality of organic products. The authoress takes a positive view on limiting possible exemptions from the requirements of organic production to natural disasters and linking them to the provisions on rural development. At the same time she expresses a negative opinion on the possibility of seeking exemption from the requirement to obtain certificates. In relation to the competences of the certifying authorities, the new Regulation retains a greater terminological precision in determining the subject of control and certification and defines more precisely the criteria for delegating tasks in the organic farming control system to institutions. This issue, however, needs to be detailed in the legislations of European Union Member States.

IT

L’articolo si propone di rispondere alla domanda se, rispetto al regolamento n. 834/2007 e visti le esenzioni dai requisiti di produzione biologica nonché le competenze degli organismi di certificazione, il nuovo regolamento n. 2018/848 riesca a garantire la qualità dei prodotti provenienti da agricoltura biologica. L’Autrice valuta positivamente il fatto di aver introdotto limiti, riportati a circostanze catastrofiche, nell’accordare possibili eccezioni dall’adempiere ai requisiti di produzione biologica e di averli ricondotti alle disposizioni in materia di sviluppo rurale; negativamente, invece, l’ammissione di eccezioni dall’obbligo di ottenere certificati. Per quanto riguarda le competenze degli organismi di certificazione, lanuova regolazione presenta una maggiore precisione terminologica nel definire l’oggetto di controllo e di certificazione, e definisce con più precisione i criteri per la delega dei compiti agli organismi evocati nell’ambito del sistema di controllo dell’agricoltura biologica. Tuttaviala questione in oggetto richiede tuttora altre precisazioni da inserire nella legislazione degliStati membri dell’Unione europea.