Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Distribuce předpon v českém sylabotónickém trocheji

100%

Plecháč P. , Hlaváčová J. , Merthová K. , Kolár R.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

|

2017

|

tom 78

|

nr 4

322-332

EN

The article deals with the use of prefixes in the Czech accentual syllabic trochee. We test a hypothesis raised by Miroslav Červenka, Květa Sgallová, and Petr Kaiser which states that some authors in the 19th century used prefixes to moderate rhythmical irregularities. In our analysis – based on automatic prefix recognition in a large body of poetic texts from the Corpus of Czech Verse – we observe a clear tendency in the work of some authors to employ prefixes in such contexts with a frequency significantly higher than would be expected merely by chance. Furthermore, we observe this technique to be very common in the first half of the 19th century, but to gradually disappear in later works.

2

Prolegomena ke kvantitativní onomastice

80%

David J. , Místecký M.

Acta onomastica

|

2023

|

tom 64

|

nr 2

301-320

EN

The aim of this paper is to present the potential of quantitative methods for the research of proper names (mostly personal and place names) as units operating in Czech texts. Three case studies treat particular research topics on the background of the development of Czech onomastics in the 20th century and in the first decades of the 21st century. They are aimed at 1) quantification of relational (semantic) patterns; 2) collocation analysis; 3) morphological categories of proper names. The text also provides an overview of previous attempts to apply quantitative and corpus approaches to proper name research.

3

The verb in a Czech sentence: How do foreign learners of the Czech language perceive the structure of a Czech sentence?

80%

Koudelíková T.

Bohemistyka

|

2023

|

nr 1

90-108

EN

The aim of this paper is to illustrate through two sentences how foreign learners perceive the structure of the Czech language. Respondents were asked to write answers on how the language works, what the syntactic relations of the sentence members are, and why the chosen words have their concrete forms with respect to the whole clause. The survey collected answers of a wide range of respondents with respect to both the number of years of studying the Czech language and their native language. After a brief introduction to the Czech language focusing mainly on the syntactic and morphological properties that were at the center of attention in this survey, the chosen survey questions are analyzed. It turned out that learners of the Czech language were willing to participate in this survey; in total the respondents provided answers in 95.7 % of cases, which helped to get more exact results. It emerged that respondents of the survey fully answered the questions correctly in 52.7 % of cases. The remaining 47.3 % of responses were either wrong or incomplete depending on the form of the question. The results of this survey lead us to the conclusion that it might be worth focusing more on the system of morphology and syntax while teaching Czech for foreigners. The complete list of answers with respect to the number of years of studying the Czech language is attached in the appendix.

4

Ach, ty zatracené neutra: realizace shody v plurálu

80%

Cvrček V. , Drobil O. , Dittrichová A. , Arłukowicz A.

Naše řeč (Our Speech)

|

2024

|

tom 107

|

nr 1

3-20

EN

The current codification of neuter plural agreement in Czech does not fully reflect contemporary usage and has no convincing support in arguments from a functional or communicative perspective. This article presents the results of a corpus analysis focusing on agreement in the noun phrase (nová/é/ý města ‘new towns’) and in the active participle (města byla/y ‘towns were’) with respect to the variability of Czech registers. The analysis of the frequencies of variants in eight different corpora representing various types of written texts, internet communication and spoken registers shows that the occurrence of non-codified forms is influenced by the mode of communication (written vs. spoken), and the degree of formality and spontaneity of the given communication; e.g., in more formal and prepared monologues, non-codified variants are as frequent as the codified ones. Exclusive occurrence of the codified forms can be detected only in those written texts whose authors take considerable account of the codification. The results of the study highlight the need to reconceptualise the language policy of Czech.

5

Nástroj na tvaroslovnou analýzu staré angličtiny

80%

Tichý O.

Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)

|

2017

|

tom 99

|

nr 1

40-54

EN

The paper describes the construction and testing of an electronic application for semi-automatic morphological analysis of Old English. It introduces the state of the art in the field of electronic analysis of Old English, provides a brief overview of Old English morphology and discusses the reasoning behind our theoretical framework. An account of the chosen methodology is offered and a specific description of its implementation is provided: from the acquisition and preparation of the lexical input data, through the programming of the forms generator to the testing of the results by analysing Old English text. The resulting recall of 95% is a success; however, the paper also hints at how it may be improved. It also discusses further use and development of the analyser, especially the disambiguation of its results. The paper makes a future semi-automatic morphological tagging of Old English texts a real possibility.

6

Absobloominlutely: intenzifikační vkládání v angličtině

70%

Klégr A. , Vojtěch A.

Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)

|

2020

|

tom 102

|

nr 1

36-54

EN

The paper deals with intensifying (expletive) insertion reminiscent of infixation (debatable in English). The inserted intensifiers placed inside the base are (unlike infixes) free morphemes producing what have been called “un-bloody-likely” words which contravene the presumably universally valid uninterruptibility criterion defining the word. The paper, drawing on literature, web search and the analysis of a sample of attested intensified words (Vojtěch 2019), describes the properties of the base and the intensifier (expletive) and the principles governing the placement of the intensifier.

7

Hranice flektivní a derivační morfologie: Případ předpony po- u českých sloves

70%

Ševčíková M. , Panevová J.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

|

2018

|

tom 79

|

nr 3

171-198

EN

The present case study deals with the functions of the Czech verbal prefix po-. Three functions of the prefix are analysed by contrasting the existing theoretical descriptions with corpus data. In its primary, word-formational function, po- modifies the meaning of the base verb (expressing one of the semantic features described as Aktionsart or other meanings; e.g. kreslit ‘to draw’ > pokreslit ‘to cover with drawings’). In its second function, po- derives perfective counterparts from the imperfective verb; here, the prefix is considered to be a grammatical means used for the formation of aspectual pairs of verbs (cf. kárat ‘to admonish.impf’ > pokárat ‘to admonish.pf’). The third function of po- is manifested in the class of determinate verbs; it is a part of the morphological form of these verbs in their (imperfective) future meaning (e.g. běžet ‘to run’ – poběží ‘(he) will run’). A group of verbs suspected of exhibiting similar behaviour as the pure determinate verbs is analysed and attested using the corpus data. Finally, the competition between the prefix po- and several tens of prefixes in Czech verbs is commented upon and the position of the prefixed verbs within word-formation nests is sketched.

8

Co přináší jednojazyčná lexikografie lexikografii překladové?

70%

Vachková M.

Naše řeč (Our Speech)

|

2019

|

tom 102

|

nr 1-2

102-118

EN

The paper is based on experience gained from working on a current project of the Large German-Czech Academic Dictionary. The author suggests briefly that bilingual lexicography cannot exist without monolingual dictionaries. The examples show that monolingual and translation dictionaries solve their processing problems in specific ways due both to the function of the emerging works and the theoretical assumptions tied to a linguistic, historical and cultural heritage of the respective country. Writing a German-Czech bilingual dictionary, the author often checks the Czech equivalents for their morphology, stylistics, semantics, and word-formation in monolingual dictionaries, and lacks greater reliability and completeness of data. This paper claims that new monolingual works should be based on thorough knowledge of the needs of not only ordinary users, but also professional ones. The reflection of the uniqueness of single and bilingual works could benefit lexicographers from both mentioned areas, in other words, seeing data in monolingual dictionaries through the eyes of a bilingual lexicographer could prove inspiring and useful.