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  1. 51 Reports on Geodesy
  2. 39 Przegląd Elektrotechniczny
  3. 28 Geodeta : magazyn geoinformacyjny
  4. 24 Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania
  5. 19 Geodezja / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie
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  1. 5 2024
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  3. 6 2022
  4. 8 2021
  5. 18 2020
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  1. 25 Górecki K.
  2. 14 Pudło M.
  3. 9 Zarębski J.
  4. 9 Zygarlicki J.
  5. 8 Mroczka J.
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1
Content available Utilisation of free tacheometric stations in monitoring of monumental objects
100%
Malarski R. , Nagórski K.
Reports on Geodesy
|
2011
|
tom z. 1/90
271-278
EN
This paper presents results of investigations concerning utilisation of free tacheometric stations for: a) Determination of slip of objects located on escarpments, b) Investigations of deformations of bodies of monumental objects. The usefulness of the proposed technology of surveys for implementation of the above tasks has been proved. Results of investigations have been illustrated by results of surveys of displacements and deformations of the St.Ann’s Academic Church in Warszawa.
2
Content available Method of network reliability analysis based on accuracy characteristics
100%
Łapiński S.
Reports on Geodesy
|
2011
|
tom z. 1/90
265-270
EN
Measurements of structures must be precise and accurate as they affect the quality of the final result of geodetic tasks. In some cases there is a risk of committing a gross error. Diagnostic analyses may allow such an observation in to the adjustment and estimation of unknown parameters. The paper presents results of network deformation and robustness analysis based on the characteristics of network accuracy and reliability. The maximum undetectable error that may occur in an individual observation constitutes the source of deformation. The method tested in the present paper is proposed in Prószyński and Parzyński (2009). The paper evaluates theoretical relationships and their utility for analyses of large geodetic networks. Additionally, the paper attempts to transfer the presented relationships to the case of free adjustment, which was not included in theoretical derivations in the paper mentioned above. The research has been conducted using a computer generated 2D linear-angular network. The analysis focuses on the results of network deformation, depending on the assumed reference system. Moreover, an attempt has been made to modify the proposed method of network reliability analysis for the case of free adjustment.
3
Content available remote Wpływ liczby pobieranych próbek i ich usytuowania w okresie na błąd wyznaczania wartości skutecznej i średniej sygnału poliharmonicznego (Część II)
100%
Nowaczyk E. , Nowaczyk J.
Metrology and Measurement Systems
|
2002
|
tom Vol. 9, nr 4
413-432
PL
W przentowanej pracy podano zależności matematyczne określające wartość skuteczną sygnału wyliczaną na podstawie próbek pobranych przez przetwornik niesynchroniczny. Przedstawiono wyniki badań modelu takiego przetwornika w środowisku MATLAB-a. Uzyskane rezultaty ilustrują wpływ parametrów sygnału poliharmonicznego i sposobu przeprowadzania próbkowania na błąd wyznaczenia wartości skutecznej i średniej bezwzględnej tego sygnału. W artykule zamieszczono przesłanki odnośnie prawidłowego wyboru częstotliwości próbkowania, a także zalecenia stosowania filtrów antyaliasingowych w torze przetwarzania. Stanowia one zdaniem autorów skuteczne remedium na zmniejszenie błędów omawianych w pracy.
EN
The paper produces an analysis of the accuracy of determination of the root-mean-square (rms) and average value at asynchronous signal sampling. It is an enlargement of the publication [1]. Mathematical equations determining the rms value for pure sine-wave and polyharmonic signals have been presented. The calculation of the average value has been based on the analysis carried out in a general way in many literature items, such as [6]. For both calculated kinds of values, tests were carried out by creating a model of asynchronous converter in MATLAB's environment and applying at its input a pure sine-wave signal or polyharmonic signals of different forms; at the same time the sampling frequency and the number of samples taken were changed. The obtained simulation results, representing the determination of the root-mean-square or average value with regard to the conventional true value, for exemplifying signal forms, have been presented in illustrations. They illustrate the effect of the number of samples taken, of the relative sampling frequency, of the moment of the first sample, and for polyhannonic signals also of harmonic contents, their numbers and phase shift. The phenomenon of result waving and particularly big errors for some ,,unlucky" harmonic numbers have been shown. It was noticed that as the number of the samples taken increases, the intervals are being narrowed where the calculated root-mean-square or average value can be found. However, with an increase of the sampling frequency there is need for drawing a larger and larger number of samples, in order to obtain results not differing from each other more than it is admissible (when calculating the root-mean-square value this occurs for a relative sampling frequency greater than four). If a signal contains, apart from the fundamental frequency, also harmonics ones (and this is always the case in practice), then in selecting sampling frequencies the greatest harmonic numbers should be kept in mind, including also the sum or the difference of their numbers. Neglecting this recommendation that results from Shannon's theorem, may lead to the result waving at a very low frequency and simultaneously with high amplitude. The result of taking a greater number of samples for calculations may be more departing from the correct one than with their smaller number. Application of antialiasing filters in the conversion line was proposed. These filters, damping high frequency components and possible noise enable one to obtain greater repeatability of the results. For the sampling of signals of approximately constant frequency, such as those of the power-line, it was recommended to select a sampling frequency close to an odd multiple of the rated frequency value of the sampled signal, both when calculating the average and the rms value. The presented paper points to the error sources resulting from the way of drawing of samples by sampling converters. It also contains main lines directed at practicians, connected with making use of the obtained results when applying these converters in measurements and automation.
4
Content available remote Acoustic sniper localization
100%
Danicki E.
Archives of Acoustics
|
2005
|
tom Vol. 30, No. 2
233-245
EN
Acoustic signals of small arm's fire, the muzzle blast and the shock wave generated by a supersonic bullet in air, are difficult to mask and can be exploited for localization of the hidden sniper. This paper presents the system of acoustic measurements, based on a number of both directional and omnidirectional microphones detecting the shock wave only, yielding exact solution for the sniper direction in spite of certain errors in the directional measurements. The system has a self-correcting ability concerning the sound directional measurements which contributes to the system technical feasibility. Auxiliary muzzle blast measurements would yield the sniper position.
5
Content available remote Fast method for IEEE 802.16-2004 standard-based networks coverage measuring
80%
Bojarski A. , Dajnowski A. , Gierłowski K. , Gierszewski T. , Nowicki K. , Woźniak J.
Journal of Applied Computer Science
|
2009
|
tom Vol. 17, nr 1
27-34
EN
This paper presents the time and cost efficient method for measuring effective coverage of IEEE 802.16-2004 standard-based networks. This is done by performing a series of continuous measurements on the grid basis. Due to this kind of signal quality surveying, estimation of the probable coverage area can be made. It is significant that the method is fast and is uses a standard customer equipment which makes it more accessible for non-specialized users. Besides theoretical definition and solution of coverage measuring problem, this paper shows also practical verification and an example implementation of the discussed method.
6
Content available remote Miejsce pomiarów w zarządzaniu jakością
80%
Lisowski J.
Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Białostockiej. Budownictwo
|
2000
|
tom Z.20
123-134
PL
Autor omawia rolę szeroko rozumianej problematyki pomiarowej w systemach zapewnienia jakości, biorąc pod uwagę sposób w jaki zagadnienia te zostały ujęte w treści norm serii ISO 9000. Odnosi się też do zagadnienia nadzorowania wyposażenia do kontroli, pomiarów i badań, a także porusza sposoby oznaczania statusu kontroli i badania w produkcji przemysłowej.
EN
Author describes the rolr of comprehensive measurement problem in quality assurance systems, considering the place of measurements' in ISO 9000' standards. The problems of control of inspection, measuring and test equipment has also been discussed, as well as means of marking the inspection and test status at industrial production.
7
Content available The Radiation Efficiency Measurements of Real System of a Thin Circular Plate Embedded Into a Thick Square Baffle
80%
Szemela K. , Rdzanek W. P. , Żyłka W.
Archives of Acoustics
|
2018
|
tom Vol. 43, No. 3
413--423
EN
Most of sound sources are complex vibroacoustic objects consist of numerous elements. Some coupled vibrating plates of different shapes and sizes can be easily found in urban environments. The main aim of this study is to determine the sound radiation of coupled plates system of practical importance. The investigated vibroacoustic system consist of a thin circular plate coupled with a thick flat baffle with a circular hole. The circular plate has been mounted to the baffle’s hole using screws and two steel rings. The measurement setup was located inside a semi-anechoic chamber to assure the free field conditions. It was necessary to take into account the whole system surface to obtain the radiation efficiency based on the Hashimoto’s method. Such an approach can be troublesome and time-consuming. Therefore, the criterion has been proposed which allows the vibration velocity measurements and calculations to be performer only for the thin plate’s area. An alternative approach has been proposed based on the classical Rayleigh integral formula. Its advantage is a simpler implementation in a computer code. The obtained results have been compared with the theoretical results obtained for the elastically supported circular plate. A good agreement has been obtained at low frequencies.
8
Zastosowanie pomiaru sztywności skrętnej nadwozia do oceny jego jakości
80%
Reński A.
Zeszyty Instytutu Pojazdów / Politechnika Warszawska
|
2002
|
tom z. 4/47
35-42
PL
Sztywność skrętna nadwozia jest jednym z podstawowych kryteriów oceny jego jakości. W trakcie eksploatacji na skutek naturalnego zużycia (korozja) lub uszkodzeń mechanicznych następuje spadek sztywności skrętnej. Pomiar tej sztywności, a następnie porównywanie jej ze sztywnością nadwozia nowego może być efektywnym kryterium oceny stopnia jego wyeksploatowania. W artykule przedstawiono metodę pomiaru sztywności skrętnej przy wykorzystaniu stanowiska do kontroli położenia punktów bazowych nadwozia.
EN
Stiffness is one of the most important parameters, which can be use for evaluation of the quality the car body. It is evident that in last year the body stiffness of modern cars increases considerably. It results from requirement for a high durability and a high level of passive safety. Corrosion and fatigue cause, that in the course of running the strength of the car body decreases and in consequence passengers are not properly protected in a case of accident. Furthermore the body which is not enough rigid has an undesirable effect on steerability. In the paper it is discussed in which way the degree of a body wear could be controlled and cars with excessive body wear could be eliminated. The measurement of torsion stiffness coefficient was chosen for evaluation of the body quality. It is assumed that comparison of the body stiffness of the used car with the stiffness of the new one can be a useful parameter for evaluation of its wear. For measuring of the body stiffness the standard measurement system can be used, the same, which is used in testing stations for controI of the body platform geometry.
9
Content available Energy Consumption in Tram Transport
80%
Kuminek T.
Logistics and Transport
|
2013
|
tom 18
93-100
EN
Rail transport through the use of electric traction is more friendly for environment than other means of transport. It has a lot of benefits, mainly: the possibility of mass transport using as little energy as possible per one passenger, reducing crowd, reducing congestion, lower emission of pollution, weatherproof, more safety, regularity of travelling. As we can see from the above mentioned benefits, public tram transport is one of the most popular means in Poland. Tram market in Poland is one of the largest in the world. Nowadays we have 14 thousand tram lines used by 16 companies, which gives a total of above 3600 cars. We have many types of trams exploited at present. The most popular are cars 105Na, characterized by low comfort for passengers, too low durability and high energy consumption. Because these cars are at present exploited, on the basis of their structure many different modernizations are made. The examples could be two types of cars : 204WrAs and 205WrAs , which have been produced since 2005 by the Wrocław PROTRAM Company. The largest Polish cities also use a modern trams stock produced by the largest Polish construction companies. One of the examples is recently using five-cars type 120Na produced by PESA company. This article presents results of measurements of energy consumptions of trams 105Na using traditional start –up resistance and trams PROTRAM 205WrAs type with asynchronous propulsion system in IGTB technology. Then the energy consumption is compared with data obtained from manufacturer of a modern tram PESA 120Na, working in the same conditions – asynchronous propulsion system.
10
Porównanie optyczno-elektronicznych metod pomiaru granulacji
80%
Kamiński S. , Kamińska D.
Aparatura Badawcza i Dydaktyczna
|
2007
|
tom T. 12, nr 2-3
85-93
PL
W niniejszej pracy opisano urządzenie laboratoryjne pod nazwą Infrared Particle Sizer, dalej zwane IPS, które może być stosowane do szybkich pomiarów granulacji w czasie procesu produkcyjnego. Metodę pomiaru wykorzystywaną w analizatorze IPS porównano z innymi metodami optyczno-elektronicznymi. Przytoczone przykłady zastosowań prowadzą do wniosku, że urządzenie IPS ma dobre parametry techniczne i pozwala na rzeczywisty pomiar rozmiarów cząstek w szerokim zakresie. Dotyczy to cząstek materiałów nieorganicznych i organicznych.
EN
In this article the laboratory instrument called Infrared Particles Sizer (IPS) is described. The instrument can be applied to fast measurement of granulation, needed in production process. Measurement method that is used in IPS analyser is compared to other optical-electronic methods. Mentioned examples of application allow to draw conclusion that IPS instrument has good technical parameters and gives actual results of particles sizes in wide measuring range. This concerns organic and inorganic substances.
11
Content available Fast Second Order Original Prony’s Method for Embedded Measuring Systems
80%
Zygarlicki J.
Metrology and Measurement Systems
|
2017
|
tom Vol. 24, nr 4
721--728
EN
The paper presents a method of adaptation of the original second order Prony’s method for applications in lowcost digital measurement systems with low computing performance. The presented method can be used in measuring systems where it is important to obtain in real time the values of amplitude, frequency, initial phase and damping coefficient of a single sinusoidal component of an analysed signal. The paper presents optimized, in terms of the number of mathematical operations, implementation of the method in selected embedded devices as well as the calculation times of the method for each platform.
12
Content available remote Budowa stanowiska pomiarowego do badania zmiennych rozpływów w rozgałęzieniach
80%
Cierniak W. , Gorgoń J. , Mnich K.
Prace Instytutu Mechaniki Górotworu PAN
|
2006
|
tom Vol. 8, no. 1-4
89--92
PL
W pracy zostały przedstawione dwa układy sterowania. Jeden z nich służy do synchronicznego sterowania dwoma pompami ze zmiennymi w czasie strumieniami za pomocą komputera i programu służącego do sterowania jedną pompą. Drugi służy do sterowania urządzeniem służącym do wytwarzania elastycznych modeli elementów układu krwionośnego.
EN
The article describes two computer controlled systems. First was designed to synchronously control two pumps, producing variable in time fluxes. It was realized by computer and a program which was controlling one of pumps. Second system was used to control a mechanism to producing the elastic latex models of blood- system elements.
13
Content available remote Badanie wpływu właściowości elektromagnetycznych drutów oporowych na obwód
80%
Niedbała R. , Wesołowski M. , Kucharski D.
Zeszyty Naukowe. Elektryka / Politechnika Łódzka
|
2012
|
tom z. 124
185-193
PL
Druty i taśmy wykonywane ze stopów oporowych (chromonikieliny, ferrochromale itp.)używane są nie tylko na elementy grzejne, lecz także na boczniki, rezystory regulowane itp. Obliczane są jako elementy rezystancyjne w całym zakresie temperaturowym. Tymczasem wpływ przenikalności magnetycznej w niskich temperaturach może być przyczyną powstających błędów tak ilościowych, jak i jakościowych. Przeprowadzone badania tych drutów zasilanych z idealnie sinusoidalnych źródeł już przy częstotliwości sieciowej zaczynają wykazywać odstępstwa od charakteru rezystancyjnego. Przesunięcie fazowe wraz z nieliniowością przebiegów pogłębia się przy rzeczywistych źródłach napięciowych. W referacie podano wyniki badań drutu kanthalowego, powszechnie używanego i uważanego za najlepszy średniotemperaturowy materiał oporowy. Przedstawione charakterystyki determinują zakres poprawności stosowanych obliczeń.
EN
Wires and strips made from high-resistivity are used not only as heating elements, but as shunts, adjustable resistors, etc additionally. During the calculations, they are treated as resistance elements in all temperature range. Meanwhile, the influence of magnetic permeability in low temperatures can result a quantitative and qualitative calculation errors. The measurements of such wires, powered by sinusoidal voltage sources, showed that even at 50 Hz frequency, electrical parameters deviates from resistive. In the article some measurement results of kanthal wires, considered to be the best medium - temperature heating material, were discussed. The presented characteristics, determinates the range of accuracy of calculations.
14
Content available Levels of electromagnetic fields from rail vehicles in the context of formal requirements
80%
Miszkiewicz A. , Tchórzewski K.
Problemy Kolejnictwa
|
2020
|
tom Z. 187
109--116
EN
The article discusses the issue of electromagnetic field levels emitted from rail vehicles with regard to civil protection. The article presents the lack of legal solutions, limits and research methods in the railway industry in Poland. It also depicts the initial results of measurements from rail vehicles. Based on the findings, taking into consideration the measurement results and suppression of electromagnetic waves in free space, electromagnetic fields may reach substantial levels which can affect people’s health and life. The authors of the article conclude that the problem should not be ignored and requires further research, bearing in mind the progressing saturation of all rail vehicles with devices and electronic systems which will serve as sources of electromagnetic fields.
15
Content available remote Results of Geodetic Measurements in Czech Part of the Sneznik- Network - analysis 1992-1999
80%
Svabensky O. , Weigel J. , Bures J. , Svec M.
Reports on Geodesy
|
2000
|
tom z. 7/53
51-58
EN
ln a 1992 one of the first local geodynamic networks in Czech republic was established in czech-polish cooperation - the Sneźnik network. The network was designed as a model for testing of methodical and technological procedures for repeated satellite and classical geodetic measurements. Since 1992 several campaigns of GPS, EDM, levelling, gravimetric, astronomical and other measurements bad been carried out in the network within previous projects., Brno University of Technology had organized observation activities and carried out the measurements and processing of all campaigns in Czech part of the network. In years 1996 - 1998 the works in scope of the research project oriented on problems of the common processing of GPS and terrestrial measurements were carried out here in cooperation of TU Brno and Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography Zdiby - Geodetic Observatory Pecny. This contribution gives overall history of measurements and describes the time evolution of the network points positions in time span of 8 years, estimated on ground of GPS data.
16
Evaluation of quality measurement
80%
Obmaščik M. , Bátora B. , Štekláč D. , Jurenová J.
Przegląd Mechaniczny
|
2007
|
tom nr 9 supl.
36-40
EN
Importance of knowledge, scientific and research activity for social development. The role of metrology, metrological assignment of correctness, uniformity and accuracy of measurement. Elimination and correction of systematic errors, determination of uncertainty of measurement of evaluated parameter for selected probability.
PL
Znaczenie wiedzy, nauki oraz badawczej aktywności dla społecznego rozwoju. Rola metrologii, oceny poprawności i wyznaczania dokładności pomiaru. Eliminacja i korekcja błędów systematycznych, wyznaczanie niepewności pomiaru mierzonego parametru dla wybranego poziomu ufności.
17
Content available remote Performance assessment of "Field programmable analog arrays"
80%
Baccigalupi A. , Liccardo A.
Metrology and Measurement Systems
|
2007
|
tom Vol. 14, nr 4
563-575
EN
Field Programmable Analog Arrays (FPAAs) are reconfigurable analog modules introduced on the electronic market in the last decade. Their operation and, in particular, their programmability is achieved owing to the use of switched capacitors technology. At least in principle, they seem to be a very attractive and powerful tool to design analog circuits whose parameters have to be tuned to signal variations as in carrying out sensor conditioning systems. But the aim of exploiting their possibilities in the field of metrology requires complete characterization and performance assessment of the involved building blocks. With this goal, in the paper, the metrological characterization of the most commonly blocks to be used in analog conditioning circuits, such as amplifiers and filters, is performed. These blocks have been characterized in terms of both frequency response and step response and the obtained experimental results have been compared with those expected from theoretic analysis. Concluding remarks are then deduced to furnish practical hints in the use of FPAAs in measurement applications.
18
Content available remote Metody manometryczna i barometryczna pomiaru ciśnienia statycznego powietrza wentylacyjnego w wyrobiskach górniczych
80%
Bystroń H.
Przegląd Górniczy
|
2000
|
tom T. 56, nr 12
1-16
PL
Powietrze wentylacyjne traktuje się jako niezamglony roztwór powietrza suchego i pary wodnej, a jego przepływ wyrobiskiem górniczym - jako stacjonarny ruch turbulentny. Przedstawianie metody manometrycznej wychodzi z określonych postaci równania ruchu, które całkuje się wzdłuż osi wyrobiska górniczego lub osi przewodu pomiarowego - od przekroju dopływowego do przekroju wypływowego tego wyrobiska. Przekształcając wyniki całkowania, otrzymano dwa wzory określające dyssypację energii mechanicznej w wyrobisku: w pierwszym występuje ciśnienie mano-metryczne zmierzone w przekroju dopływowym wyrobiska, w drugim -w jego przekroju wypływowym. W metodzie barometrycznej - opartej na barometrach kontrolnym i wędrownym - wyprowadzono wzór określający skorygowane ciśnienie statyczne w wyrobisku górniczym. Podano wzory określające dyssypacje energii mechanicznej w wyrobisku oraz inne wielkości dotyczące wyrobiska i oczka podsystemu wentylacji. Na przykładzie podsystemów wentylacji kopalń " Pokój " i " Halemba" zilustrowano wzory dotyczące metod manometrycznej i barometrycznej oraz związki między tymi metodami. Omówiono małe zaburzenia, pulsacje (fluktuacje) i wibracje ciśnienia powietrza wentylacyjnego. Przedstawiono dodatkowe kwestie oraz wnioski.
EN
Ventilation air is treated as a non-hazy solution of dry air and water vapour and its flow through a mining working - as stationary turbulent motion. Presentation of the manometric method comes from the particular form of the motion equation integrated along the axis of mining working or measurement duct from the inflow-cross-section up to the outflow cross-section of this working. Transforming the results of integration two formulas determining mechanical energy dissipation in working have been obtained: in the first one appears the manometric pressure measured at the inflow cross-section of working, in the second one at its outflow cross-section. In the barometric method -based on control and travelling barometers - a formula determining corrected static pressure in mining working is derived. The formulas are given determining dissipation of mechanical energy in working and other values referred to working and ventilation subsystem. Taking ventilation subsystems of "Pokój" and "Halemba" colliers as examples formulas referring to manometric and barometric methods as well as connections between them are illustrated. Small disturbances, pulsations (fluctuations) and vibrations of ventilation air are discussed. Additional issues conclusions are presented.
19
Content available remote Georeferencja wprost
80%
Feczan P. , Kurczyński Z.
Geodeta : magazyn geoinformacyjny
|
2010
|
tom nr 1
8-13
20
Content available remote First results of GPS measurement campaigns in Tatra mountains
80%
Czarnecki K. , Mojzes M. , Papco J. , Walo J.
Reports on Geodesy
|
2003
|
tom z. 1/64
41-46
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