Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Wolni czy zmanipulowani? Odbiorcy reklam w XXI wieku. Studium psychologii wpływu społecznego

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Stradomska M.

Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne

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2016

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nr 3(16)

99-107

EN

In the twenty-first century issue related to freedom, manipulation and advertising is an integral aspect of everyday life in society. The concept of freedom is very difficult to interpret. The literature is considered an interdisciplinary approach, therefore, is associated with many areas of psychology, philosophy, law or economics. Almost every step we meet with advertising, through which companies and institutions promote their products in a variety of ways. However, if consumers perceive them as objects or subjective? Often society is manipulated, lied to and misled by the use of various techniques of advertising on television, radio or the Internet. In view of the above, if society feel free? Is such behavior on the part of enterprises are ethical and lead to a balanced functioning of the civilization of the twenty-first century?

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Fotografia (nie)etyczna

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Ochnio J.

Komunikacja Społeczna. Czasopismo elektroniczne

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2013

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nr 4(8)

32-40

PL

Artykuł traktuje o właściwościach medium fotografii, stanowiących o braku możliwości zachowania przez fotografa postawy w pełni obiektywnej/neutralnej. Zespół cech wynikających w obecności fotoreportera (tzw. wpływ obecności), selekcji rzeczywistości (pierwotnej oraz przebiegającej na kilku etapach - wtórnej) a także ograniczeń gatunkowych i liberalizacji obostrzeń w samych mediach konstytuuje tytułową (nie)etyczność fotografii. Stoi to w opozycji do oczekiwań stawianych wobec, zwłaszcza prasowego fotogramu. Obraz powstający w sposób zautomatyzowany postrzegany jest bowiem w kategoriach „okna na świat”, elementu przezroczystego pozwalającego na zapośredniczoną obecność, zdematerializowanego przez samego odbiorcę w procesie percepcji.

EN

The article discusses about the properties of the medium of photography, representing the impossibility of photographer's behaviour attitudes fully objective / neutral. The general characteristics arising in the presence of a photojournalist (the effect of the presence), selection of reality (original and running in several stages - secondary) as well as the limitations of species and liberalization of restrictions on the media constitutes title (un)ethical photography. This stands in opposition to the expectations put to, especially the press photogram. The image formed in an automated manner is in fact perceived as a "window on the world", the element transparent to allow the mediated presence, dematerialized by the recipient in the process of perception.

3

FAKE NEWS AS A WEAPON OF PERSUASION

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PEDRINI P. P.

Society Register

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2019

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tom 3

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nr 2

97-108

EN

Our study is qualitative research. It is a content analysis of more than 2,500 European and American posters of war propaganda identifying modern principles of persuasion and forms of discourse. The analysis of the themes demonstrates that the techniques used one hundred years ago to convince civilians to enlist had enormous potential for development to such a degree that they were adopted by modern political and commercial persuasion. Therefore, we can consider the propagandists of the Great War as modern spin doctors. The idea evolved after reading Propaganda (1928) by Edward Bernays, the nephew of Sigmund Freud. This is an astonishing book; it provides illuminating interpretations both for understanding of war propaganda – not just for the Great War – and for the commercial discourse of which Bernays became a promoting agent. During the Great War the propagandists used emotional and rational stratagems to convince volunteers to leave to the front. Among these, the fake news played an important role in the production of the posters that served to motivate and galvanize people to defend the ideals of the war. It was an organized disinformation action because, especially for American people, the war was very far in kilometres and in interest. Fake news has two different factors: wrong or unreasonable argumentations and false information used as premises. The success of the posters was that of moulding the agenda-setting and the opinion of citizens in order to increase the enlistment to defend the identity of the nation.

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Problem manipulacji dziećmi i młodzieżą w procesie wychowania na podstawie uwag A.S. Kaufmana

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Strzyżyński P. S.

Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne

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2012

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nr 26

309-319

EN

The article presents the ethical conditions of an approved manipulation in the concept of A.S. Kaufman. The concept is a foundation for the question of the existence of educational manipulation. One of the points of the article is the observation that in the upbringing and education manipulation is done to the pupils. This paper presents a proposal of ethically justified manipulation of pupils. One of the conditions is, for example, that the person manipulating must treat pupils as the target, rather than the agent.Keywords

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Manipulacyjne mechanizmy współczesnej reklamy

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Zakrzewska J.

Biuletyn Edukacji Medialnej

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2012

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nr 1

38-49

EN

Manipulation in advertising has a significant impact on the assessment of the world as seen by a potential consumer. It imposes a certain picture of reality upon a specific recipient, which certainly affects one’s way of thinking and acting to become a kind of lawlessness. Above all, advertisers seek to achieve the desired aim, which is to sell their product, often without regard for the consequences of their actions. Therefore, it seems to be essential to put some fundamental questions concerning the reality created by advertisements. Firstly, it is worth considering what, in general, manipulation through advertising is, and to what extent it influences anyone who experiences it. Another issue worth pondering is the impact of subliminal techniques on the recipient’s subconsciousness, and thus the ethical dimension of such practices. The last yet certainly very important issue is the answer to the question of how children perceive the advertising message and how the manipulation it contains affects them?

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Прагматический анализ избранных высказываний В. Путина

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Gliwińska-Kotynia (Гливинска-Котыня) J. Ю. , Łódzki U.

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EN

Wladimir Putin is one of the most well-known politicians in the present international arena. Many prominent writers devoted books to him, in which he is either the positive “spirit of Russia” or the complete opposite of “the father of nation”. Almost each of them sought an answer to the question about who Putin is. Constantly high popularity of Russian prime minister still remains a political puzzle for many analysts. Some even described this tendency as “the Putin's phenomenon”. However, it should be stressed that the analysis of Putin by those scholars concerned only his behaviour. His gestures, his clothing style and also his conduct during negotiations with foreign partners were interpreted. So his facial expression and gestures came first with them. The author tried to present a pragmatic interpretation of linguistic predispositions of this politician. The aim of this work is to answer the question: how Putin, using the meticulous selection of words influences his electorate and manipulates their consciousness. Therefore, the main task of this work is to explain the linguistic phenomenon of Putin, as well as to prove the proposed thesis that the ex-president of the Russian Federation personifies the phenomenon of the political activist not present on the Russian political scene until now.

7

Historical politics as a tool of the ideological justification of Russian neo-imperialism

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Lytvynenko O.

Journal of Geography, Politics and Society

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2022

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tom 12

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nr S1

23-33

EN

A number of modern Russian political discourse provisions which consist of tendentious interpretations of Russian and Ukrainian history and which result in frank and systematic manipulation of historical memory have been analyzed. Their goals are to justify Russia’s aggressive policy towards Ukraine to prove and legalize the right to decide the fate of the Ukrainian people and to determine the vectors of the Ukrainian foreign policy. At the same time, they are aimed at discrediting the Ukrainian government and delegitimizing Ukrainian statehood as well as ultimately distorting and leveling Ukrainian national identity. The outdated concept of Ancient Rus as the cradle of “three brotherly peoples”, i.e. Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians, or its more archaic version about the existence of a single Russian nation, whose branches are actually Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians, is used. A component of this concept is the idea of Russia being the direct and sole legal heir of Ancient Rus, whose historical mission was and remains the gathering of ancient Russian lands, which include the lands of Ukraine and Belarus. Accordingly, the separate existence of the Ukrainian people, and hence their right to state independence, is either denied altogether or conditionally recognized, if they maintain inseparable ties with Russia and renounce the Western vector of foreign policy. Modern Ukraine is considered by the Russian authorities and the political establishment as “anti-Russia”, which has no right to exist. Attempts to apply the tools of the historical politics of the Russian Federation. In particular, it concerns historical education and memorial practices in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions of the Donbas, where the territory temporarily is not controlled by Ukraine. These territories are also considered a model for similar measures used on temporarily occupied territories during the 2022 war.

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Photojournalism in Central Europe: on authenticity and ethics

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Láb F. , Štefaniková S. , Topinková M.

Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne

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2016

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nr 2

73-89

EN

The development of the Internet and digital technology by the end of the twentieth century has raised serious disputes about ethics, authenticity and photo manipulation. These concerns are especially relevant in the field of photojournalism in the news media, where credibility matters the most. In this paper we described the current situation in relation to image authenticity and professional ethics in three countries of Central Europe – the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia. We asked research questions regarding photo production, circumstances of photographing, image content, technical improvements, manipulation, ethical standards and responsibility. Our findings reveal a complexity of ethical issues related to working with visual news material. During the fieldwork we conducted 65 in-depth interviews and surveys with full-time and freelance photojournalists and photo editors working for printed and online newspapers and opinion magazines in Central Europe.

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House of Cards i Machiavelli - Frank Underwood jako przykład współczesnego księcia

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Rożewska A.

Polityka i Społeczeństwo

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2015

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nr 4(13)

56-68 (13)

EN

The intrigue ridden series, “House of Cards” presents the story of Frank Un-derwood, a “whip” responsible for discipline in the Democratic Party. To follow his ambitious, he appears as a great strategist and diplomat, and demonstrates some unique skills. Unfortunately his actions always get positive results, which has a nega-tive impact on the realism of the series. However all the manipulative techniques used by Underwood and references to “The Prince” by Machiavelli are very authen-tic. This paper discusses the above techniques and instruments implemented by Frank. The fact that the series is very popular and received a great response from the viewers is related to its theme and the way of presenting politics. Although there are mixed reviews when it comes to the realism shown in the “House of Cards”, the viewer seemed to be convinced of a great opportunity presented to look backstage of White House politics.

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Pathos und Superlative in der „Krakauer Zeitung“ als Mittel nationalsozialistischer Propaganda 1939–1945

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Lis R.

Językoznawstwo

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2016

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tom 10

149-153

EN

In the article, we analyse the language of Nazi propaganda in selected 1939–1945 issues of „KrakauerZeitung”, the daily published in Cracow-based General Government (pol. Generalne Gubernatorstwo) and meant to be one of the most important instruments of the Nazi manipulation among the Polish population. Specifically, the attempts are made to identify and reconstruct some of the intended propaganda objectives behind selected linguistic expressions, with pathos and pride in focus.

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Reguły wywierania wpływu – badanie menedżerów w organizacji

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Wysocki S.

Nauki Społeczne

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2013

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nr 1(7)

61-78

EN

The article presents theory and research concerning six rules of exerting influence such as: the rule of the reciprocity, the rule of the commitment and the consequence, the rule of social evidence of the rightness, the rule of liking and the sympathy, the rule of the authority and the rule of the unavailability. Thirteen managers from the urban transport company, one of the biggest work places in Wrocław, took part in the research. The aim of the study was to examine the managers’ knowledge of the aforementioned rules.

12

Safe strategy of door opening with impendance controlled manipulator

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Winiarski T. , Banachowicz K. , Stefańczyk M.

Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems

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2013

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tom Vol. 7, No. 4

21--26

EN

Modern robotic systems are able to localize doors and its handle or knob, grasp the handle and open the door. Service robots need to open doors and drawers to autonomously operate in human environment. The mechanical properties of doors lead to incorporation of force and velocity constraints into the control law, to avoid the environment damage. In the article the impedance control law was expanded with these factors to achieve safe behavior of direct (explicit) position-force controller of KUKA LWR4+ robot that opens the door.

13

Threats to State Security in the Aspect of Disinformation

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Dukiewicz T.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2021

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tom 37(37)

66-75

EN

Information in the aspect of security plays a significant role in influencing the spectrum of the functioning of the state. In today’s information chaos, information has become a tool of manipulation and disinformation, also used in the implementation of strategic goals of a given country. States can thus achieve their strategic goals because it is less costly, more difficult to detect, and allows some sort of manipulation of the rationale behind such actions. Such countries include countries for which democracy is only a concept. It can be indicated that information is a raw material that, in the process of manipulation and disinformation, becomes a kind of a tool that can be used in a targeted way. The issue of fighting disinformation is of key importance today.

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PEDAGOGICAL, NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF SHAPING THE IDENTITY OF CULT GROUP FOLLOWERS

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Gajewski M.

Acta Neuropsychologica

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2020

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tom 18(2)

233-258

EN

The rapidly changing world does not provide a man with a sense of stability; he intensifies confusion in fundamental matters related to everyday life. Evolving in directions that are difficult to predict, this is not conducive to the process of maturing into a responsible experience of humanity. Various “religious” organizations and societies take advantage of this situation, putting confusion in order (usually in an apparent way), thereby obtaining new adherents for their vision of a better world. Being under the influence of charismatic leaders, the members of new religious movements change their behaviour diametrically, as well as their way of thinking about themselves and the world. Any former model of life is replaced by a new, i.e., collective, model of thinking, estimating and behaving. Important things lose their value. The hitherto prevailing existence, perceived as “bad”, “unenlightened”, “materialistic” or “not soulful”, is left for a new and “better” life, for purposes that are attainable only thanks to contact with the new group. The acquisition of self-identity and identification with the group requires considerable effort. Going over from one world to another brings with it numerous consequences of a psychological and social nature. Hence an immense complexity of factors forming the identity of a religious man appear. On the one hand, this is influenced by personality factors, the level of inner integration, psychical and emotional maturity, and on the other hand – a number of social conditions, i.e., the specificity of the cult group, its structure, doctrine, history and social relations. All the above makes it impossible to create a universal model of the follower’s identity within cult groups. It is only possible to indicate the conditions for the creation of the new individual, self leading to a manifestation of their participation within a definite cultic group.

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The effect of transparency on a three-cycle model of manipulative discourse

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Saeed Almaroof R. A.

Crossroads. A Journal of English Studies

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2017

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tom 16

EN

It is assumed that manipulative discourse can carry various types of messages on the continuum of sincerity, such as: truth, persuasion (argumentation), deception and manipulation. These different intended meanings can cause variations within the ‘transparency factor’. The transparency factor is controlled by specific social and pragmatic factors. Generally speaking, manipulative discourse is far away from transparency because it entails the use of implicit strategies and processes to achieve a final goal. The highly transparent type of discourse is the testimony where the speaker’s intention is to present truth that is supported by explicit strategies and processes. Within this continuum, there is the persuasion where the speaker’s intention is to convince the addressee without exerting any power upon the receiver. Other types, such as coercion and deception, may show a lower degree of transparency because they are used to mislead the hearer with or without the use of the social effect such as ‘power’. Accordingly, a theoretical framework which treats manipulation as a three-cycle of the meaning-making process is proposed. It is assumed that this model helps in classifying manipulative texts into different types based on the transparency factors. The aim of this study is to provide a theoretical framework that can be adopted by researchers to analyze types of discourse in terms of transparency taking into consideration the speaker, the text itself and the hearer. All these factors in the three-cycle model help in shaping the degree of transparency that a text may show.

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A MOTIVATION FOR MAPPING THE OTHERS' INNER WORLD. SPONTANEOUS MENTALIZATION AND MACHIAVELLIANISM

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Esperger Z. , Bereczkei T.

Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)

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2011

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tom 66

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nr 3

487-506

EN

Theory of mind, through which we can assess the others’ mental states and predict their behaviour, is a crucial cognitive device in the social interactions of our everyday life. In the former studies mindreading has been primarily regarded as a cognitive ability. In our study, we rather emphasize a motivational approach, and use the term ‘spontaneous mentalization’. It means that in our social interactions we strive for assessing the other people’s thoughts and goals, and we are motivated to set up hypotheses about their mental states. As a reaction to the former unsuccessful studies on the relationship between theory of mind and Machiavellianism, we assumed that spontaneous mentalization as a kind of motivation, rather than theory of mind as an ability, is associated with Machiavellianism. For measuring spontaneous mentalization, we created a stimuli material of photographs, and asked the subjects to report their impressions about the scenes on these pictures. Their answers were decoded by a special method of content analysis. The individual differences of Machiavellianism were measured by the Mach-IV test. We found profound individual differences in spontaneous mentalization, and these differences were positively correlated with scores of Machiavellianism. This result could be interpreted that those persons who have a higher capacity for mapping the other people’s mental states would be more successful in misleading and cheating of the social partner. The successful manipulation often lies on the ability of making one step ahead of the others and striving to rapidly assess the other people’s inner world. This endeavour (spontaneous mentalization), however, does not necessarily relate to the mindreading capacity itself; only future studies would clarify if they result from different psychological mechanisms, and how they influence each other’s development.

17

„Kinematografia dla milionów”. Obraz wspólnoty w komediach muzycznych Grigorija Aleksandrowa

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Flig M.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2013

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nr 4(26)

517-531

EN

Grigorii Aleksandrov’s films created with composer Isaak Dunaevskii were among the most popular of Russian cinema in the 1930s and 1940s. The first Aleksandrov’s film Happy Guys centered on the poetic of comedy as ideology or entertainment. In the article author describes the strategies of manipulation. The Soviet musical incorporated Stalinist ideology and nationalism. The patriotic language in soviet comedies is naturalized, it seems like songs in films were more about nature than politics, patriotic love and life‑affirming laughter. Aleksandrov used archetypes and myths of the Stalin era and produced image of mythical soviet community. The maternal archetype is present in fertility imagery and is spatially encoded as “Rodina” (“homeland” or “motherland”). He put an end to the 1920s cult of ugliness in Soviet cinema and convinced Stalin, that beauty is a necessary element of Soviet art. Aleksandrov’s films reproduced the dominant ideology and gave people what they wanted – entertainment, escape from the travails of the everyday, and hope for the better life.

18

Hassrede im Netz: Zur Macht von Fake News im aktuellen Flüchtlingsdiskurs

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Jakosz M.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

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2020

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nr 18

181-198

EN

Fake news is false, manipulative information that spreads rapidly on the Internet, especially on social networking sites. It mainly deals with controversial topics, such as escape or migration. It is because of such false information treated by its recipients as true that refugees are suspected of, among other things, violence, thefts or obtaining additional benefits from the receiving community. The article discusses selected fake news about refugees in order to show how easy it is to be manipulated on the Internet. The main aim of fake news is to arouse negative emotions in recipients and to incite them to feel hatred and to be violent towards refugees.

19

Мова i закон: контроверсiї та маніпуляцiї в українському парламентському дискурci

100%

Романюк [Romaniuk] С. S.

Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej

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2015

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tom 50

EN

Language and the law. Controversies and manipulation in Ukrainian parliamentary discourseThis article presents the linguistic resources which Ukrainian parliament members use to form the controversial communiqués. I try to find out what characteristic phrases indicate manipulation of information. Examples are selected from speeches of different political groups of the seventh convocation in the Ukrainian parliament (Verkhovna Rada) on 4th July 2012, when the deputies were discussing the Principles of the State Language Policy Act, passed the previous day. To describe the issue in question, I use the method of critical discourse analysis. Język i prawo. Kontrowersje i manipulacje w ukraińskim dyskursie parlamentarnymPrezentowany artykuł jest próbą ustalenia, za pomocą jakich środków językowych posłowie parlamentu ukraińskiego formułują komunikat, który można uznać za kontrowersyjny. Próbuję ustalić, jakie charakterystyczne zwroty wskazują na manipulowanie informacją. Przykłady wyekscerpowano z przemówień przedstawicieli różnych grup politycznych na posiedzeniu Rady Najwyższej Ukrainy w dniu 4 lipca 2012 roku, podczas którego posłowie dyskutowali nad przyjętą poprzedniego dnia ustawą O zasadach polityki językowej. W analizie zastosowano metodę krytycznej analizy dyskursu.

20

Cultural Adaptation, Manipulation and Creativity in Translation

100%

Bołtuć M. I.

Acta Neophilologica

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2021

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tom XXIII/1

229-238

EN

This article not only discusses the concept of translation from the point of view of manipulation, creativity, and cultural adaptation, but it also provides examples of translations or adaptations in English and in Polish. I compare various definitions of manipulation, and conclude that manipulation seems to be the defining feature of translation, especially in the case of texts that do not require lexical precision and in which the choice of vocabulary may be, to a certain extent, random. In addition, manipulation should not be analyzed without reference to wider ideological and socio-cultural contexts in which it takes place. At the word level, however, manipulation often takes the form of simple, conscious or not, lexical substitutions meant to produce a faithful translation.