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1
Content available remote Na rozhraní mezi lidovou a vědeckou etymologií
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Matúšová J.
Národopisný věstník
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2022
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tom 63
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nr 2
432-443
EN
A starting point for reflections about folk etymology in onomastics is a document concerning standardisation of toponyms for maps in the 1930s supplemented by more recent information from various articles and studies. This material helps to find specifics of the development of proper names caused by folk etymology, moreover, it shows problems that appear in the scientific onomastic etymology. The scientific analysis of the original sense of proper names uses various methods, especially comparison, to reach the most likely explanation. The possibility of application of various methods and their ballanced usage is a precondition of the right etymological interpretation. The absence of the comparative material makes the scientific etymology of proper names intuitive and it causes an approximation of their scientific and folk etymology.
2
Content available remote Lidové výklady českých příjmení
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Dvořáková Ž.
Národopisný věstník
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2022
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tom 63
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nr 2
379-396
EN
This paper analyses 379 folk etymological interpretations and other 141 assumptions about the foreign origin of surnames, all received either by the radio programme On the Origin of Surnames, the Language Counselling Centre of the Czech Language Institute, or the information service Ask the Library. These inquiries were sent by the public along with requests for a confirmation of the suggested etymological interpretations of the surnames in question, or for an official (correct / scientific) explanation. The analysis shows that most often the folk etymology consists in erroneous decomposition of the name or in connecting the name with an incorrect original form, i.e. usually a familiar noun recognized in the name. The folk etymologies do not respect the word-forming structure of names. They also ignore the age and origin of the surname which they like to look for in foreign languages (especially in French, Polish, Hungarian), regardless of the origin of the family.
3
Content available remote "Mezi chalupama ulička to ouzká" aneb Apelativum soutka v pomístních jménech v Čechách:
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Zirhutová M.
Acta onomastica
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2020
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tom 61
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nr 2
388-402
EN
The paper deals with the use of the common noun soutka in minor place names in Bohemia. This dialectal word refers to narrow roads/footpaths between houses and/or gardens both in rural and urban areas. The focus of the article is on the analysis of minor place names containing this common noun or its variants (souska, šouska) and their geographical occurrence. Whereas the common noun soutka is usually described as specific to Southern Bohemia, minor place names containing this lexical item are found in the southern parts of Central Bohemia and only northern parts of Southern Bohemia. In the rest of this region, other dialectal words with the same or similar meaning are used in the minor place names referring to narrow roads between houses or gardens (zahata, souhrada). Folk etymology often associates the name Soutka with the words soud (a court/trial) or soudek (a small cask). Thus, the name has frequently been written down as Soudka.
4
Content available remote Výklady místních jmen na oficiálních webových stránkách obcí
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Štěpán P.
Národopisný věstník
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2022
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tom 63
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nr 2
464-482
EN
The paper analyses interpretations of place names on the official websites of Czech municipalities. Not only folk etymology, but also quoting official scientific etymologies is investigated. Relationships between the individual interpretations of a toponym are examined. Interpretations on websites often depart directly from folk etymologies, sometimes borrowed from municipal chronicles. On the other hand, some websites present official scientific interpretations or they even refer to authorities in the field of linguistics. The scientific interpretation is often compared to the folk one, often stating which one is considered to be more probable. However, folk etymologies are sometimes preferred to scientific interpretations. Folk interpretations may be based on important factual knowledge, for example awareness of the older form of the toponym, but this does not assure the correctness of the interpretation.
5
Content available remote Hujcze, Hujsko, Nahujowice. Nietypowy rezultat typowego (regularnego) rozwoju fonetycznego
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Duda H.
Acta onomastica
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2023
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tom 64
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nr 2
331-343
EN
The article discusses regular linguistic processes in some proper names which show mutual Polish-Ruthenian linguistic contacts – Hujcze, Hujsko, Nahujowice. Today’s native Polish speakers find those names really expressive and/or offensive. This is caused by the similarity between a part huj and Polish word chuj, which is a swearword for penis. The analysis has shown that in every one of those names the part huj comes from a different root and any associations with the word chuj are unfounded. Regular linguistic processes might lead to developing atypical proper names.
CS
Článek pojednává o pravidelných jazykových procesech u některých místních jmen, jež jsou svědectvím vzájemného polsko-rusínského jazykového kontaktu – Hujcze, Hujsko, Nahujowice. Dnešní rodilí polští mluvčí považují tato jména za výrazně expresivní a/nebo urážlivá. To je způsobeno podobností mezi částí huj a polským podstatným jménem chuj ‚penis‘. Analýza ukázala, že v každém z těchto jmen pochází část huj z jiného kořene a jakékoli asociace se slovem chuj jsou neopodstatněné. Pravidelné jazykové procesy mohou vést ke vzniku atypických vlastních jmen.
6
Content available remote K termínu "lidová etymologie" v české onomastice
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Dvořáková Ž.
Národopisný věstník
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2022
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tom 63
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nr 2
367-378
EN
The term folk etymology is traditionally used to denote an erroneous, usually arbitrary connection of an etymologically opaque word to a word which is similar in the form or meaning but it is of different origin. Our approach is wider, we consider folk etymology as a part of folk linguistics. Folk (or also learned) etymology is one of the oldest methods of interpreting proper names and we can meet this phenomenon as early as in medieval chronicles. Folk interpretations often grow into size of etymological tales. They represent the period of the so-called pre-scientific etymology. However, folk etymology has not been replaced by scientific etymology, it is still alive and part of language users’ awareness. The term “folk etymology” was introduced by E. Förstemann in his paper Über deutsche Volksetymologie / About German Folk Etymology (1852) where he mentioned a whole range of examples for proper names. The term folk etymology coined by Förstemann was, despite some criticism, adopted into other languages including Czech. Three years later and independently of Förstemann, H. Wedgwood published a paper on what he called “false etymologies”. Similar terms actually appear in other languages as well but they are considered problematic as they imply something improper. Folk etymology is sometimes treated as a non-scientific deformation of a language reality, as a misleading, deceptive preconception, which the educated scientists shall make sure to remove. F. de Saussure even supported the idea of folk etymology being something “pathological”. However, this opinion of his was frequently criticised. Nowadays, we do not perceive folk etymology as something wrong which is to be corrected. In our conception, the folk etymology is understood as a natural tendency of language users to explain foreign and opaque words as well as proper names, and to interpret, search and clarify the meaning connections even if these are not present.
7
Content available remote Lidová etymologie a "hanlivá" příjmení
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Dvořáková Ž.
Acta onomastica
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2018
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tom 59
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nr 1
42-53
EN
There are many Czech surnames motivated by parts of human or animal body. Some of them are connected with sexual or fecal activities. These surnames are pejorative and many of them were changed during the time and disappeared from our onymic system. This article is focused on surnames which are meant to be obscene only by a folk etymology but their real origin is different and they have nothing to do with vulgar common nouns. However, the pressure of the folk etymology is so strong that many people rather change their surname not to be objects of jokes and notes about their names.
8
Content available remote Projevy lidové etymologie v urbanonymii města Liberec
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Lábus V. , Vrbík D.
Národopisný věstník
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2022
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tom 63
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nr 2
418-431
EN
The article focuses on manifestation of folk etymology in both standardized and non-standardized urbanonymy of Liberec town (a county town in Northern Bohemia). Reetymologization processes may or may not influence a surface structure of the name. Reetymologization with formal changes covers three sub-categories: a) false reetymologization as a result of bohemization of German urbanonyms; b) false reetymologization in the German urbanonym and translation of the new structure into Czech; c) intentional reetymologization based on a language pun. Reetymologization without formal changes is classified into two sub-categories: a) semantic reinterpretation; b) weakening of commemorative onymical function.
9
Content available remote "Půda cizí, ale řeč ještě naše" - anoikonymie tzv. Českého koutku
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Ptáčníková M.
Acta onomastica
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2021
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tom 62
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nr 2
404-418
EN
The Czech Corner (Cz. Český koutek, Ger. Böhmischer Winkel) refers to a territory found in what is now modern Poland. Despite its location and the fact that it had constituted part of Germany until 1945, the territory shares geographical, historical, ethnic and linguistic ties with the Czech lands. Until the end of the Second World War, the area, which consists of 11 villages, had predominantly been populated by ethnic Czechs. This study is the first outcome of our research into the toponymy of the Czech Corner. It seeks to collect as many names that used to be used by the Czech inhabitants of the area in question as possible, as well as to analyse such collected names in semantic and formal terms. Additionally, the objective is to investigate how these names changed over time as well as their ties with foreign language anoikonyms including, but not limited to, German anoikonyms. The aims of the research also include shedding light on how the landscape of the Czech Corner used to be perceived and interpreted by its previous inhabitants as well as exploring the ways in which the local anoikonyms are tied with the ethnic and national identity of those who created and used them. This study focuses primarily on the names of those parts of the villages in question that have their own names identifying them. A total of 40 such names have been collected including e.g. Ráj (Paradise), Ve voleti (Bird’s Crop), V krku (Bird’s Neck), V huse (Goose Belly) and Dvanáct apoštolů (Twelve Apostles).
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Content available remote Prodá Chudobu a koupí si Nouzín - lidová etymologie, lidová paměť a Český koutek v Kladsku
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Ptáčníková M.
Národopisný věstník
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2022
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tom 63
|
nr 2
444-455
EN
Folk etymology refers to the process of making connections between etymologically opaque words and words that despite having similar forms or meanings are etymologically different. It is a manifestation of people’s natural need to attain a clear understanding of the things that surround them, identify relationships between them, and give them an order. The first part of the study addresses folk etymology vis-à-vis folk memory. The second part focuses on folk interpretations of toponyms that were used by the inhabitants of the Czech Corner, a territory located in Kłodzko Land in what is now Poland. Arguably, the most remarkable example of these is the traditional folk interpretation of “selling Poverty to buy Need”, meaning that the financial situation of the local people was never very good. The phraseme, which contains the names of two villages on the Czech border ‒ Chudoba (EN: poverty) and Nouzín (EN: place where people are in need), is believed to be based on the common assumption that the two place names remind us of the poverty that the region faced. The reality is however that etymologically Nouzín has nothing to do with „need“. Additionally, the study deals with folk interpretations of the toponyms Pálenina, Kodrcov, Plhánek, Zámecká hora and Pec.
11
Content available remote K etymologickým pověstem o Kovářově rokli v Broumovských stěnách
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Ptáčníková M.
Národopisný věstník
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2022
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tom 63
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nr 2
456-463
EN
Etymological legends are an important component of verbal folklore, making it possible for us to interpret the names of a variety of geographic objects. In addition to having an anonymous author and being passed orally from generation to generation, an etymological legend is characterized by being primarily associated with rural environments. This study addresses etymological legends associated with Kovářova rokle (EN: Blacksmith’s Ravine) situated in Bromouvské stěny (EN: Broumov Walls), a nature reserve in the northeast of Bohemia. It analyses legends created by both the Czech and German population of the area while looking at differences and drawing parallels between them ‒ the most significant difference being the very reason for giving the ravine the name it bears. According to Czech etymological legends, the ravine is presumed to have been named after a blacksmith that had built a forge in a cave there to work in. In contrast, German legends believe the ravine was the hideout of a robber called Schmied (German for “blacksmith”). Therefore, if the ravine were to be named after him, it would be Schmied’s Ravine.
12
Content available remote Současný stav a lidová etymologie pomístních jmen na Židlochovicku
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Sklenářová L.
Acta onomastica
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2016
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tom 56
249-257
EN
This essay summarises my thesis of the same name (Faculty of Education, Masaryk University, Brno 2015, 122 p.). The diploma work analyses contemporary repertoire of anoikonyms in the Židlochovice region, including their popular etymologies. The studied material was obtained by field research. The collected anoikonyms were sorted according to individual cadastral areas, number of words and actual named object. The findings were generalised in the model and structural analyses. It was found out that the familiarity and use of anoikonyms is decreasing, especially among the younger generation. The collected names mostly reflect the character of the terrain of the examined area and in many cases are influenced by German. The thesis is available at the internet address: .
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