Ścieki są środowiskiem, w którym występują drobnoustroje takie jak: bakterie, wirusy, pierwotniaki, grzyby, płazińce, czy obleńce. Ich obecność powoduje, że są one czynnikiem ryzyka dla pracowników oczyszczalni ścieków i kanalizacji. Podczas swojej pracy mogą być oni narażeni na kontakt z drobnoustrojami poprzez drogę oddechowa, pokarmową oraz skórę.
In order to evaluate seroprevalence of leptospiral infection in the population of the European wild boar (Sus scrofa L.), 107 sera obtained from this species after hunting were tested. All sera were examined by microagglutination test (MAT) and passive hemagglutination test (PHT). The latter test detects only IgM antibodies and allows a differentiation between recent and past infections. A panel of 18 serowars (icterohaemorrhagiae, grippotyphosa, sejroe, tarassovi, pomona, canicola, australis, ballum, hebdomadis, patoc, poi, calledoni, zanoni, cynopteri, autumnalis, bataviae, hardjo, bratislava) from 16 serogroups was used in MAT. The screening dilution of sera was 1 in 100. A result of at least 50% agglutination of leptospires at 1:100 dilution or greater was considered positive. PHT was prepared from the strain of Perepelicin belonging to the Tarassovi serogroup. Altogether 25.2% positive results were obtained. 23 sera reacted in MAT. 12 serovars were recorded. The most prevalent was sejroe (6 positive results), then grippotyphosa and poi (4 positive results). Most of the positive sera reacted in MAT in a dilution of 1:100 (19 cases), in 6 cases in a dilution of 1:200, in 4 at 1:400 and 1 had an end point titre of 1:800. By using a passive hemagglutination test, positive reactions were recorded in 7 cases. In one case a doubtful result was obtained. 4 sera reacted only in PTH. The results indicate the wild boar as a potential source of pathogenic leptospires.
A total 13 800 cattle were examined serologically and 399 bacteriologically for leptospirosis. The samples of sera were tested by the microscopic agglutination test using 17 antigens from 16 serogroups of Leptospira spp. Specific antibodies were found in 29 per cent of animals. Most often there were recorded the titers against the antigens of serovars of the Sejroe serogroup (21%). The pathogens were isolated from 5 cows. The isolates were identified as belonging to the hardjo serovar.