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EN
Since 1995 Poland has been considered as free from classical swine fever (CSF) by The World Organization of Animal Health - OIE. However, bearing in mind the epizootic situation in Europe and reported cases of this disease in 2011 in Lithuania in particular, infection of the CSF virus remains a real threat to swine breeding in Poland. Poland is constantly monitoring the occurrence of CSF among swine and wild boars and the procedures are largely dependent on the specific character of a particular region and on the number of pigs and wild boars. The people particularly responsible for identification of CSF are free lance veterinarians having direct control over pig farms. In light of these facts, it seems essential to discuss administrative procedures on the basis of the veterinary law in force, in case of any suspicions or in case of the occurrence of the mentioned disease.
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EN
The purpose of the article was to characterize the progress achieved in Europe during the last two decades on the control of classical swine fever (CSF) in domestic pigs and the wild boar population in Europe. RT-PCR and other findings based on molecular biology, improving laboratory diagnosis and enabling the use of DIVA strategy in vaccination, were mentioned. The classical swine fever virus (CSFV) using genome sequencing could be divided into 3 genotypes. Genotype 1 and 2 could be subdivided into 3 subgenotypes, each and genotype 3 in 4 subgenotypes. These results enabled the implementation of tracing the spread of particular strains of CSFV and the definition of the origin of the infection, what earlier was not possible. A special database of these findings is located in the E.U. and OIE Reference Laboratory for CSF in the Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover, Germany. In the second part of the paper the current epidemiological situation concerning CSF in domestic pigs and the wild boar population is characterized. It relates to Germany and France, Slovakia and Hungary, Lithuania and Latvia, Romania, Bulgaria and the Balkan region. Besides E.U. member countries also other European countries are mentioned. It is underlined, that the wild boar population plays a crucial role as the reservoir of CSFV in Europe. In connection with this statement a working group on CSF in wild boar of the Directorate General Health and Consumer Protection (DGSANCO) of the European Commission initiated a common data base on the epidemiology of CSF in wild boar. In parallel to collecting CSFV isolates and sequences data concerning strains from domestic pigs the same information from wild boar is collected. All these data are to disposal of the national Reference Laboratories for CSF worldwide. The paper, at the end, presents recommendations concerning progress in the control and eradication of CSF, mentioning the significant role of vaccination with the use of DIVA strategy particularly for the wild boar population. Despite of the achieved progress, taking into account the present epidemiologic situation in Europe it is stated, that CSF still belongs to the most important viral diseases in pigs in Europe and also worldwide.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
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2010
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tom 66
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nr 12
s.795-709,tab.,bibliogr.
EN
According to the OlE rapporteur, Dr Karim Ben Jebara, Head of the OlE Animal Health Information Department, there were no major regional or international events involving OlE listed diseases in 2009 or early 2010. A continuation of the situation with quantitative and qualitative differences was witnessed. The table for the most frequently reported diseases is presented. The next table informs about the total number of confirmed human cases and deaths caused by the avian influenza subtype H5Nl. Although it is not an OlE listed disease pandemic influenza A H1N1 (2009) has been notified to the OlE as an emerging disease. The occurrence of this infection in swine, turkeys and dogs, including countries where it occurred, is characterized. African swine fever outbreaks reported to OlE between January 2009 and March 2010 by Armenia and Russia are mentioned. The infection is present in wild boar and domestic swine. Because of its location it is endangering the swine population in Eastern and Central Europe. After a long time of not occurring, in 2009 glanders was reported from Brazil, Ethiopia, Iran, Afganistan, India, Myanmar and Mongolia. OlE recommended that given the potentially severe consequences for humans it is important to implement regular testing in the event of international movement of Equidae and conduct national surveillance. In the report sheep pox and goat pox, Rift Valley fever, West Nile fever, bovine anaplasmosis, bovine babesiosis, equine piroplasmosis, notified bee diseases, and some infections occurring in 2009 and beginning of 2010 in wildlife are also mentioned and discussed.
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