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1
Content available remote Industrial wastewater treatment by means of membrane techniques
100%
EN
The importance of membrane processes in wastewater treatment is continuously growing. Membranes can be used for the separation of liquids, dissolved or suspended solids or solutes in the colloid form. The main features of membrane processes application for the treatment of spent solutions are possibilities of removal or recovery of valuable or harmful components as well as the possibility of closing water systems what reduce fresh water consumption. Very often the use of membrane processes allow to purify wastewater to a degree difficult to achieve by conventional techniques. The possibility of an application of pressure driven techniques such as ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) for oily wastewater treatment, has been presented. The studies on the two-stage treatment of bilge water combining UF and RO or NF have demonstrated a high effectiveness of purification. NF could also be applied to recover glycols from spent coolant liquids. The utilization of membrane distillation for saline wastewater concentration or for the treatment of spent metal pickling solutions was demonstrated.The potential application of a hybrid process combining photocatalytic degradation of organic matter with membrane separation for the treatment of wastewaters from textile industry has been shown.
PL
Praca dotyczy problemów w zakresie recyrkulacji odcieków, która po zmianie przepisów dotyczących klasyfikacji odcieków (z odpadów na ścieki) stała się głównym sposobem ich utylizacji na wielu polskich składowiskach, wyposażonych w system ich zbierania.
EN
This study was concerned with the feasibility of using sunflower seed husk (waste material from the food industry) as a low-cost and available sorbent material to remove copper and lead ions. Sunflower seed husk was used for the biosorption of heavy metal ions (Pb(II) and Cu(II)) from aqueous solutions. The properties of natural adsorbent were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Pb(II) and Cu(II) adsorption were investigated in batch experiments through several influencing operating parameters, including contact time, sorbent dosage, initial pH, and initial concentration. The Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models were also applied to the experimental data to determine the adsorption kinetics. The results showed that adsorption of both ions fitted well by pseudo-Second-order, with determination coefficient R2 = 0.99, for both ions with SSE (1.628, 1.345) for Pb(II) and Cu(II), respectively.
EN
Coagulation is often used for the pre-treatment of industry wastewater, with effectiveness strictly dependent on technological conditions. This study aimed at determining what technological parameters of coagulation of cosmetic industry wastewater provide the highest efficiency of clarification. The dosages of reagents, the order of dosing, as well as the one- and two-stage processes were investigated. The samples of raw wastewater were collected from average daily effluent from a cosmetics manufacturing plant. Liquid coagulant PIX 111 (FeCl3) and NaOH as a pH-adjusting agent were used. Jar-test experiments were carried out to determine the optimum conditions for turbidity and total organic carbon (TOC) removal. The efficiency of clarification was high (90–99%) across a wide range of pH values (6–9) and coagulant doses (0.5–1.25 mL/L). What is important is that the coagulant dose of 0.56 mL/L provided 97.6% clarification efficiency without the addition of the alkali. The minimal stoichiometric excess of alkalinity for effective coagulation was 0.5 mmol/L. In all samples, the removal efficiency for TOC was lower than for turbidity, because some of the organic carbon forms were non-coagulating dissolved compounds. The wastewater from tonic and fluid production was very susceptible to coagulation. The addition of the coagulant before the alkali resulted in better wastewater treatment efficiency than the reverse order. Single-stage process with optimal doses of the reagents allowed to clarify wastewater to a level of 10 NTU. On the other hand, the two-stage process brought the turbidity down to 1 NTU level.
EN
The aim of the study was to determine the composition of wastewater generated in a small tannery plant in the Podlaskie Province at different stages of the technological process. Since the plant uses chromium salts for the actual tanning process and the resulting wastewater is separated into two streams, it was possible to determine the content of chromium and other pollutants in the wastewater at different stages of the production processes. This allowed us to evaluate the biodegradability of the wastewater produced during production, the concentration of chromium compounds and other contaminants. Based on the results obtained, the wastewater generated during the production process was found to be non-biodegradable (except for the mixed wastewater) with chromium concentrations of 2.0–2.46 g/dm3.
EN
Phytoremediation is considered of a cost effective and environmentally friendly technology and has been used successfully for the remediation of soils and water contaminated with various pollutants. Specifically for full scale application to treat industrial wastewater, phytoremediation is used as sole technology for different types of wetlands. However, phytoremediation of polluted water in wetland type reactor has been mostly studied as black box. The method to measure the performance is only based on pollutant removal efficiency and there is very limited information available about of the pollutant removal mechanisms and process dynamics in these systems. Thus, the aim of this chapter was to briefly review basic processes of phytoremediation, its mechanisms and parameters, and its interaction between rhizo-remediation and microbe-plant. In addition, this chapter also elaborated phytoremediation challenges and strategies for full-scale application, its techniques to remove both organic and inorganic contaminants by aquatic plants in water, and some examples of applications in industries.
PL
Energetyka Sp. z o.o. w Lubinie Zakład Gospodarki Wodno-Ściekowej Wydział W-3 posiada dwa kompleksy oczyszczalni, w ramacłf których oczyszcza ścieki spływające z terenu Huty Miedzi "Głogów". Specyfika składu ścieków powstających w hucie jest pochodni jakości złoża rud miedzi występującego na terenie Legnicko-Głogowskiego Okręgu Miedziowego (LGOM) oraz stosowanych techw logii przetopu koncentratu, w wyniku których uzyskiwana jest czysta miedź. Występujące na tym obszarze złoża siarczków międli mają charakter polimetaliczny. W ich skład wchodzą zarówno metale użyteczne, takie jak srebro, złoto czy platynowce, jak i nieb rzystne metale ciężkie, w tym toksyczny arsen, które podczas procesów wytopu miedzi są wydzielane z układów technologicznymi [1], a jednym ze strumieni, do których trafiają, są właśnie technologiczne ścieki przemysłowe.
PL
Problem oczyszczania wysokoobciążonych ścieków z przetwórstwa rolno — spożywczego nadal jest w Polsce nierozwiązany. Stosowane dotychczas układy biologicznego oczyszczania tych ścieków oparte są głównie o metodę osadu czynnego, która w wielu wypadkach oczyszczania ścieków przemysłowych stwarza po ważne problemy eksploatacyjne. Alternatywną metodą biodegradacji zanieczyszczeń w ściekach przemysłowych jest zastosowanie fermentacji metanowej. Technologie beztlenowe stają się obecnie jedną z najpopularniejszych metod oczyszczania i pozwalają na rozwiązanie problemu ekologicznego, jakim jest zagospodarowanie wysokostężonych ścieków oraz prowadzą również do osiągnięcia istotnych korzyści ekonomicznych wynikających z pozyskiwania wysokoenergetycznego gazu fermentacyjnego.
EN
The paper presents the schemes of various equipment for the mechanical treatment of the industrial and domestic wastewater, which allows removing it from the main part of the pollution. An examination of the shortcomings of the known equipment with the aim of its improvement was conducted. As a result, an installation scheme for continuous high-performance mechanical wastewater treatment was proposed. In contrast to the known equipment, the proposed installation provides a three-staged treatment of wastewater with the help of the two pairs of gratings – for preliminary treatment (removal of large-size pollutions) and by filtration through the two metallic sieves – for normal and fine treatment (removal of small-size mechanical pollutions). The installation consists of highly-efficient appliances for the cleaning of filtering elements in the course of realization of the working process, which provides stable high productivity of treatment. The installation has simple reliable design and low energy expenses. The paper contains the formulas for determining of main operational parameters of the installation: the change of the cross-sectional area of the filtering elements and productivity of the working process, periodicity of cleaning of gratings and sieves, the necessary electric power of installations drives. These formulas can be a basis for further research of installation and for elaboration of a method of its design calculation.
EN
Polymer flocculants are used in wastewater treatment processes, and the necessity and universality of their use result from changes in production technologies, also causing variability in the parameters of treated wastewater. Industrial wastewater contains a substrate that is difficult to biodegrade (BOD5/COD < 0.02), and the presence of toxic compounds makes it necessary to treat them in many stages before discharging them to the receiver or reusing. The study aimed to assess the possibility of using a new generation flocculent to support coagulation. The research was conducted on mine water originating from hard coal mines and on treated coke wastewater from the biological sewage treatment plant. The synthesis of copolymers of acrylamide with acrylic acid and acrylamide with acrylonitrile allowed the extraction of effective products – flocculents with specific properties, supporting the coagulation process and reducing the parameters of contaminants in treated industrial wastewater. Compared to commercial polyelectrolyte Praestol, copolymers of acrylamide with acrylic acid removed turbidity more effectively than acrylamide-acrylonitrile copolymers.
EN
The use of heavy metals in the manufacturing industry over the past few decades has eventually contributed to a rise in the flow of metallic compounds into wastewater and has raised significant ecological and health threats to living things. Adsorption is an excellent way to treat solid waste effluent, offering significant benefits such as affordability, profitability, ease of operation and efficiency. However, the price of commercial adsorbent namely activated carbon has soared due to its high demand. There is also a green improvement in this method by turning the commercial adsorbent into agricultural waste. In Malaysia, the oil palm waste is such suitable material that can be utilized for making activated carbon, since they are ample and easy to find. Additionally, part of them is agricultural waste that cannot be consumed (i.e. leaves and fronds). Hence, this study aimed to analyse the potential of activated carbon from agricultural waste, namely oil palm waste, in reducing the levels of heavy metals in industrial wastewater.
PL
Zbadano możliwość zastosowania metody elektrochemicznego utleniania przy usuwaniu mocznika ze ścieków przemysłowych. Proces prowadzono w elektrolizerze zaopatrzonym w układ dwóch katod wykonanych z platynowanej siatki tytanowej oraz tytanowej anody pokrytej tlenkami tytanu i rutenu. Badania procesu rozkładu mocznika przeprowadzono dla: gęstości prądu 2,0-13,3 A/dm2, stężenia początkowego mocznika 1-10 g/dm3, stężenia NaCI oraz Na2SO4 1-10 g/dm3. Określono wpływ elektrolitów wspomagających przewodnictwo, a także wpływ stężenia mocznika oraz gęstości prądu na efektywność usuwania mocznika ze ścieków przemysłowych.
EN
Possibility of applying the method of electrochemical oxidation in urea removal from industrial wastewater was examined. Process was carried out in electrolizer supplied with the system of two cathodes made of titanium activated platinum and titanium anode activated ruthenium and titanium oxides. Investigations of urea removal process was performed in the following range of parameters: current density: 2.0-13.3 A/dm2, initial concentration of urea: 1-10 g/dm3, NaCI and Na2SO4 concentration: 1-10 g/dm3. The defined influence of electrolytes to increase the conductivity and the influence of urea concentration and current density on efficiency of urea removal were determineted.
PL
Postęp w dziedzinie transportu doprowadził do konieczności dbania o estetyczny wygląd i czystość eksploatowanych pojazdów efektem czego istnieje potrzeba tworzenia myjni samochodowych. Przedsięwzięcia te oddziałują na środowisko naturalne i poć gają za sobą wzrost zużycia wody na cele mycia środków transportu, czego następstwem jest także wzrost ilości odprowadzany ścieków z tej gałęzi gospodarki. Ścieki odprowadzane z myjni samochodowych zaliczane są do ścieków przemysłowych. Decydującym kryterium jest charakter zanieczyszczeń ścieków. Aby myjnia mogła funkcjonować, musi spełniać określone wymogi w zakresie odprowadzania ścieków oraz w zakresie wytwarzania odpadów.
15
Content available Removal of priority PAHs from coking wastewater
75%
EN
The purpose of these tests described in this study was to determine the effectiveness of removing eight aromatic compounds from the list of priority. Tests were carried out using coke produced during wastewater treatment of coke oven gas. The technology research was consisted in introducing into wastewater samples taken with 30% solution of hydrogen dioxide (50 mg/dm3, 100 mg/dm3, 300 mg/dm3, 600 mg/dm3, 900 mg/dm3, 1000 mg/dm3, 2000 mg/dm3). The PAHs analysis included: sample preparation, quantitative and qualitative chromatographic determination, it was also carried out using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer. Total concentration of PAHs in the effluent eight coke before oxidation was 23 μg/dm3. The largest loss of hydrocarbons examined, reaching 62%, was noted at the dose of 50 mg/dm3 of the oxidant.
PL
Celem badań opisanych w pracy było określenie skuteczności usuwania ze ścieków koksowniczych ośmiu węglowodorów aromatycznych z listy związków priorytetowych. Badania technologiczne polegały na wprowadzeniu do pobranych próbek ścieków przyjętych ilości 30% roztworu ditlenku wodoru (50 mg/dm3, 100 mg/dm3, 300 mg/dm3, 600 mg/dm3, 900 mg/dm3, 1000 mg/dm3, 2000 mg/dm3). Analiza WWA obejmowała przygotowanie próbek oraz ilościowe i jakościowe oznaczenie chromatograficzne, które prowadzono z wykorzystaniem chromatografu gazowego sprzężonego ze spektrometrem masowym. Sumaryczne stężenie ośmiu WWA w ściekach koksowniczych przed procesem utleniania wynosiło 23 μg/dm3. Największy ubytek badanych węglowodorów, sięgający 62%, odnotowano przy dawce utleniacza wynoszącej 50 mg/dm3.
PL
W artykule opisano problem oczyszczania małych strumieni ścieków przemysłowych i zaproponowano technologie ich oczyszczania "u źródła" poprzez zastosowanie wyparek. Wyparki pracują w warunkach obniżonego ciśnienia, dzięki czemu proces odparowania może odbywać się w niższej temperaturze (35-90°C). Opisano zasadę działania wyparek na przykładzie urządzenia działającego w oparciu o zasadę pracy pompy ciepła. Przedstawiono również podział wyparek w zależności od sposobu wytwarzania podciśnienia wewnątrz urządzenia oraz w zależności od źródła energii cieplnej.
EN
In the paper subject matter of small streams from industrial wastewater was described and treatment process based on evaporators and philosophy of treatment 'in source' was proposed. Evaporators run with negative pressure and therefore process goes on Iower temperature (35-90°C). In the paper rules of operation based on heat pump evaporation (as an example) were described. Classifications of evaporators, based on vacuum create and source of energy were done.
EN
In recent years, the municipal WWTP operated by PEWIK Gdynia receives increasing quantity of industrial wastewater with COD/BOD ratio above 2. In most cases, it is probably due to the required reduction of certain pollutants before delivery of industrial wastewater to the sewage system. Implemented pre-treatment of industrial wastewater by on-site plants usually remove the nutrients and easily biodegradable organic matter, while other organic fractions are directed to the municipal WWTP. In this study the influence of industrial wastewater on the efficiency of technological processes was analyzed on the basis of WWTP in Gdynia-Debogorze. For this reason, the COD fractions (readily (soluble) and slowly (particulate) biodegradable fraction, and non-biodegradable soluble (inert) and particulate fraction) were analyzed in raw wastewater. Obtained results were discussed in terms of the efficiency of treatment processes as well as the energy consumption and the operating costs of the plant.
PL
W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono najczęściej stosowane metody oczyszczania ścieków przemysłowych, wskazując newralgiczne punkty, parametry i kryteria mające szczególne znaczenie dla operatora instalacji. Wyszczególniono najistotniejsze elementy, na które operatorzy powinni zwrócić uwagę w celu zapewnienia sobie z jednej strony sprawnej, bezpiecznej i ekonomicznie uzasadnionej eksploatacji instalacji, a z drugiej spełnienie narzuconych prawnie wymagań.
EN
The most commonly used methods of industrial wastewater treatment have been investigated in this paper, indicating the critical points, parameters and criteria of particular importance to the plant operator. The most important elements that operators should pay attention to in order to ensure the efficient, safe and economically viable operation of the installation on the one hand and the fulfillment of the legally required requirements on the other, have been pointed out.
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