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EN
The professional and scientific activities of Karol Gilewski (1832-1871), one of the famous Cracovian physicians, the professor of the Jagellonian University are described first of all. His treatise on laryngofissure and laryngeal polyps in 1865 is presented widely. This is a second scientific work in Polish medical literature on this subject. The cases of laryngeal scleroma and laryngeal and cutaneous syphilis are also described.
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Zamieszczono recenzje i krótkie noty książek biograficznych o polskich lekarzach.
EN
There are reviews and short descriptions of books about Polish doctors.
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Content available Wykaz publikacji Wandy Wojtkiewicz-Rok
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Przedstawiono wszystkie publikacje Wandy Wojtkiewicz-Rok
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There are a list of publications by Wanda Wojtkiewicz-Rok
EN
Gender as the historical category: Relations between the medical conception of the body and the notion of genderThe article touches on the relation between gender and the medical conception of the body in the context of historical changes. The oldest European conception of gender was linked to ontic inequality, which corresponded to one-gender idea of the body in medicine. From the eighteenth century on, the medical conception of the body started to change, and the idea of two-gender body started spreading. The body of women started to be perceived as the different “other.” That change was accompanied by social and cultural shift and one of its consequences was the emergence of women’s group identity. The latest medical idea is personalized medicine, and the body is an element of the culture of individualization. Judging by the recent changes in the medical conception of the body, we are probably witnessing a change in the idea of gender – namely its dispersion. Płeć kulturowa jako kategoria historyczna. Relacje między medyczną koncepcją ciała a pojęciem płci kulturowejArtykuł dotyczy relacji pomiędzy pojęciem płci kulturowej a medyczną koncepcją ciała w kontekście zmian historycznych. Najstarsza w kulturze europejskiej koncepcja płci kulturowej wiązana była z nierównością ontyczną, co odpowiadało jednopłciowej koncepcji ciała w medycynie. Zmiana zaczęła następować od osiemnastego wieku, gdy w medycynie zaczęła się rozpowszechniać koncepcja ciała dwupłciowego, w którym kobiece ciało było traktowane jako inne. Tej zmianie towarzyszyły szerokie zmiany społeczne oraz w konsekwencji powstanie grupowej tożsamości kobiet. Najnowsze koncepcje medycyny personalizowanej wskazują na indywidualizację ciała. Towarzyszy temu zmiana kulturowa polegająca na coraz wyraźniejszym akcentowaniu indywidualności ciała. Przyjmując za punkty wyjścia zmiany pojmowania ciała w medycynie, prawdopodobnie jesteśmy świadkami zmiany pojęcia płci kulturowej – jej rozproszenia.
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The State School of Hygiene (SSH) was opened in Warsaw in 1926, whose creation was possible thanks to financial support of the Rockefeller Foundation. Also owing to the Foundation’s help, in mid-thirties the Institute of Mental Hygiene (IMH) was launched. Both institutions were integrated within the structure of the National Institute of Hygiene. The purpose they were trying to successfully fulfill was to train a team of experts necessary for the national healthcare (SSH), diagnostic-medical and educational activity, as well as educational-propaganda and scientific-research work in the scope of mental health hygiene (IMH).
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Content available remote Twins. Lessons from the Past
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In the history of civilization twins always fascinated, but initially they were treated as a freak of nature. Relatively recently the first scientific attempts were made to elaborate this theme and in the 50s of the 20th century the first national register of twins was created (Danish). Currently, there are many of such databases and they are an excellent source for a various analyzes, including the incidence and risk factors of genetically determined diseases, among others congenital heart defects. This paper presents a historical, sociological and medical aspects connected with the fascinating world of twins.
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Content available Zdánlivá smrt jako kulturotvorný fenomén
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The present paper deals with the category of so-called apparent death which is closely connected with the history of medicine of the second half of the 18th century. Present-day European historiographical research shows that at the latest in the 1740s the leaders of medical discourse began to be concerned with the temporal status of biological death. The central question was how to determine conclusively that death had occurred, which permitted the burial of the dead person. Yet this was also a time when people became more concerned with the possibility that individuals might not have died and could recover by themselves. The more modern medicine progressed, however, the more people listened to anecdotal evidence about apparent deaths and premature burials. During the second half of the 18th century this originally medical issue crossed the boundaries of scholarly discourse, among other things, as a result of medical treatises being published in national languages, and became a real nightmare of the Enlightenment. Nineteenth-century poets such as Edgar Allen Poe explored this topic in great depth, starting from the assumption that people generally feared being buried while being still alive.
EN
The medical society associating doctors dealing with diseases of the ear, nose, larynx and pharynx in the territory of the Republic of Poland was registered in 1921 as the Polish Otorhinolaryngological Society. The Society’s Vilnius Section was established in 1924. We know the most about the Vilnius Section of the Polish Otorhinolaryngological Society because the protocols of the section meetings have been preserved. According to the protocols, 58 sessions were held during the 16 years of the Vilnius Section’s existence. During the entire period of the Section’s activity, over 250 different clinical cases were demonstrated, and more than 30 papers, inventions, new therapeutic and surgical methods were discussed and presented. Colleagues shared their experience gained abroad, internships held in foreign centers; participation in congresses in Poland and abroad were discussed. On September 26–29, 1929 as part of the 13th Congress of Polish Doctors and Naturalists in Vilnius, the Vilnius Section organized the VIII National Congress of the Society and a Section meeting.
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Content available remote History of radiotherapy in Poland. A brief outline of the problem
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Objectives: The aim of this paper is to give brief outline on the history of radiotherapy in Poland from its beginnings until first decades of the second half of 20th century. Methods: The study is based on comparative and reconstructive analyses of literature, papers and communications dealing with the history of radiotherapy in Poland. Results: The history of radiotherapy in Poland can be perceived as a gradual process of shaping research centres and practical (clinical) application of radiotherapeutics. The Radium Institute in Warsaw, as well as radiotherapy centers in Poznań and Kraków gained key importance in the period up to the outbreak of World War II. After the end of the war, Gliwice became another important place for the history of the radiotherapy and oncology in Poland. Conclusions: Radiotherapy was early recognized by Polish physicians as promising in clinical treatment. It should be a subject of further studies, especially when formative period, thus before First World War, is analysed.
EN
In 1922 appeared the first, proof copy of a magazine which two years later was titled “Modern Medicine. Studies on the history of medicine”. The idea to create a new periodical was born among the historians of science, who focused their scientific interest on the topics of medicine’s past. The major purpose was to make a thorough revision of methodological views that usually did not go beyond the positivist or Marxist model. They aspired to some kind of “opening up” to the content present in philosophy and the history of science, including in particular epistemological theories of Ludwik Fleck, Thomas Kuhn or Michael Foucault. Consistent references were made to the experiences and findings of cultural anthropology, psychology, sociology and history of arts, highlighting the problems which in national medical historiography had been previously rarely, if ever, present. “Classical” form and content of works published in the magazine was not excluded, though, since the purpose of the editorial staff was not so much to fight against the traditional model of the history of medicine as its enrichment and gradual transformation in the spirit of contemporary needs. The aim of this article is to present as completely as possible – both the content of “Modern Medicine” and the achievements of people contributing to the magazine for the past twenty years of its existence. It is also an attempt to evaluate to what extent the guidelines set two decades ago have been realized in practice.
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