Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

K diskusi o paměti v českém kontextu "druhého života":

100%

Olšáková D.

Dějiny - Teorie - Kritika (History - Theory - Criticism)

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2004

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tom 1

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nr 2

269-280

EN

The French debate on memory has its roots mainly in the work of Maurice Halbwachs (Les cadres sociaux de la memoire, 1925,). Halbwachs’ basic theory is that memory does not exist in itself, but is always defined by what are known as “social frameworks”. The latter are not status elements of memory but are formed by the priorities of society. Another reason for the non-existence of memory “in itself” is the form of communication (speech). In this respect Halbswachs’ theory is confirmed by the analyses of Roland Barthes, in particular. Halbswachs’ ideas have inspired two main historical movements today, both of them related chiefly to what are known as commemorative festivals. Eric Hobsbawm is concerned above all with the problem ofthe conscious formation of social and historical memory through these acts, while Paul Connerton, a represent of historical research ofthis kind after the “linguistic” turning point, concentrates mainly on internal symbolism and the structure of the event. In Czech conditions the concept of the “second life”, with which the question of social and historical memory is very tightly connected, has been the focus of scholarly treatment since the 1970s, but under the influence ofthe current situation it has taken a different direction to this kind of research in France or (taking the French as model) in Germany.

2

Co reprezentují historické reprezentace? : gnozeologická skepse mezi konstatováním a performací

80%

Řezníková L.

Dějiny - Teorie - Kritika (History - Theory - Criticism)

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2005

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tom 2

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nr 1

45-64

EN

The study is concerned with the question ofliterary historical representations in fiction around 1900 and towards the end of the 20th century. It compares the nature and form of the gnoseological scepticism about the possibilities and meaning ofhistorical knowledge articulated by writers in both these periods. On the basis of a number of texts from Czech, French and British literature the author shows that the genre known as “historical metafiction”, which is one medium for the expression of such scepticism, is notjust a product ofthe later 20th century as might appear from the studies by Linda Hutcheon or Ansgar Niinning. Similar reflective texts had been written at the turn ofthe 19th/20th century, when in the context of the deepening crisis of historicism, writers had expressed a gnoseological scepticism similar to that of contemporary writers influenced by postmodernism. The writers in the early period employed rather different literary strategies, however, and their transformation can be defined as a shift from assertion to performance.

3

Občanská společnost : koncept a jeho historizace

80%

Kučera R.

Dějiny - Teorie - Kritika (History - Theory - Criticism)

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2007

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tom 4

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nr 2

219-231

EN

This study is devoted to the ways the concept of civil society may be used in Czech historiography. It analyses the conceptualisation of the term in Czech historical research over the last forty years and makes reference to certain signifi cant ambiguities associated with the term civil society. The use of the term civil society in Czech historiography is still oriented predominantly toward the German concepts of the 1980s and ‘90s - that is, toward an understanding of civil society as a certain form of society-wide organisation. The author argues against this conception and proposes that civil society should be grasped not as a certain form of social organisation, but rather as a specific pattern of conduct, or perhaps even as a specific social sector. In the context of current debates in the Anglo-Saxon and German-language spheres, he then presents several basic ways of defi ning civil society and sketches out possible fresh uses of the concept of civil society for historical analysis.

CS

Studie se zabývá způsoby užívání konceptu občanské společnosti v české historiografii. Rozebírá konceptualizaci termínu v českém vědeckém výzkumu v posledních čtyřiceti letech a odkazuje k významným nejednoznačnostem, které se s termínem občanská společnost pojí. Užívání pojmu občanská společnost v české historiografii stále odkazuje k německým konceptům z let osmdesátých a devadesátých - to jest, chápání občanské společnosti jako zvláštní formy celospolečenské organizace. Autor se vymezuje vůči této koncepci a navrhuje občanskou společnost, která spíš než jistý druh společenské organizace, bude specifickým vzorem jednání, nebo dokonce zvláštním sektorem společnosti. Dále pak v kontextu současných diskusí z anglosaského a německojazyčného okruhu představuje několik základních vymezení občanské společnosti a načrtává možné využití čerstvého pohledu na koncepci občanské společnosti pro historickou analýzu.

4

ІСТОРІЯ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ: МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ПІДХОДИ ТА ІСТОРІОГРАФІЯ ПРОБЛЕМИ

80%

Martynov A.

Міжнародні зв’язки України: наукові пошуки і знахідки

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2017

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nr 26

EN

Modern theoreticians of Global History differ in opinion as to the definition of Globalization and up till now there is no single definition, which would satisfy most scientists. Some of them believe this phenomenon to be irreal because it is impossible to clearly separate it from other social processes and phenomena or because it do not has clearly defined place in the geographical space. In most cases Globalization are understood as: We are living today in an age of rapid globalization. Its pace has accelerated in the past several decades, particularly since the end of the Cold War. The main thrust for globalization involved a high degree of Westernization, it by no means resulted in homogenization but everywhere produced diverse responses to the West rooted in indigenous cultures. In fact, we have witnessed homogeneity resulting from processes of globalization and at the some time increasing heterogeneity. Globalization thus is extremely complex and variegated, on the one hand indeed leading to high degrees of homogeneity in economic organization, technological and scientific developments and even lifestyles following Western patterns, on the other hand to marked divergences from Western outlooks and practices and even to pronounced resistance to Western influences. In this article we intend to examine the transformation of historical thinking and writing within this larger global context. Globalization is realized in the form of bilateral, multilateral and collective relation. Global System is usually understood as hierarchically structurized integral complex of actors of international relation, which are interconnected by constant relations. Until the early 21th century the investigation of Global History was performed within a whole number of social science: philosophy, history, sociology, legal and economic sciences. The theory of globalization is a science, which tries to logically and reasonably interpret the most essential phenomena and processes as well as interrelation between them using its own methods. Conflict and cooperation are the most important manifestation of the state of international relations and logically proceed from structural peculiarities of current global system.

5

Jak słowiańscy przodkowie Pomorzan stali się Germanami. Mit pochodzenia pierwotnych mieszkańców Pomorza Zachodniego w XVI i początkach XVII wieku

80%

Migdalski P.

Przegląd Zachodniopomorski

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2016

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nr 1

199-218

EN

The article shows the development of the ethnogenetic legend of the Pomeranian Duchy starting from the reign of Bolesław (Bogislaw) X the Great to the mid-17th century. The basis of that legend was the 14th-century oral tradition created by Augustyn/Augustine, a Stargard monk, according to which (the tradition) the original Pomeranian people had been Slavs. When Pomerania was being united under the reign of Bogusław X that oral tradition was extended and adjusted to meet the current political needs. But in the 16th century Thomas Kantzow analysing some ancient sources came to the conclusion that the area in question had been inhabited by Germanic tribes, and the subsequent Slavic period was short and insignificant. That picture was later extended by historiographers. The author of the article also seeks the answers to the questions concerning the sources of the Pomeranian legend, the main topics and motives that were supposed to authenticate the legend, who the texts were created by and addressed to, and what political meaning those myths had.

6

BLOOD, LOST WORLDS, AND COMMEMORATION: PRZEMYŚL IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE SCHOLARSHIP

80%

Fahey J. E.

Rocznik Przemyski

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2017

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tom 53

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nr 1(20): Historia

203-214

EN

Despite Przemyśl rich and varied history, the city is virtually unknown to the English speaking academic world. This article reviews the extant English language scholarship on the city and recommends potential areas of interest for British, American, and other non-local academics. Currently, most English literature on the city is focused on the World War I era siege, the construction and technical details of the city’s fortress ring, and the Jewish community. I argue that the city has much to offer students of architecture, ethnic studies, urban and religious history.

7

Repatriace polských a československých občanů po druhé světové válce v polské a české historiografii

80%

Friedl J.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2018

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tom 116

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nr 2

426-446

EN

The repatriation of the so-called displaced persons after World War II represented a serious problem, with which the states of the anti-Hitler coalition in Europe had to deal. Due to the war events millions of inhabitants found themselves absent from home. This article strives to present and characterize the approaches of Polish and Czech historiographies to the study of these issues. It follows the developing interest in the research of the repatriation of Polish and Czech citizens in both historiographies. It is likely that the post-war repatriation of Poles because of its magnitude and also the contradictions accompanying it, makes this migration relatively deeply rooted in Polish historical thinking. Consequently, the interest in the study of repatriation appears as early as the 1960s and nowadays encompasses dozens of publications and magazine articles. Contrary to that Czech historiography has until now devoted little attention to the issue od the repatriation of Czech citizens. It, however, seems that this tendency finally takes its turn and Czech historians are paying more attention to this topic.

8

Kmotrovství jako badatelský problém. K sociálním dějinám raného novověku a 19. století

80%

Skořepová M.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2016

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tom 114

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nr 1

64-88

EN

This study summarizes the results of contemporary research on the issue of godparenthood. Whereas this theme is relatively popular abroad, there has merely appeared a few partial studies in the Czech environment. The aim of this contribution is to draw attention to different aspects of godparenthood as a spiritual relationship in the Early Modern Age and in the 19th century, as well as to underline the importance of research into this topic in order to discover the formation and functioning of social links in the past.

9

Zwischen Fiktion und Historiographie. Historisches Erzählen und die Krise der Identität in Leo Perutz‘ (nicht)historischem Roman Turlupin

80%

Jachimowicz A.

Acta Neophilologica

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2013

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nr XV/2

115-128

EN

After World War I the historical novel experienced a big boom in Austria. Especially the völkisch-national authors elaborated a lot of history books in which the deeds of the Heroes of world history were portrayed. The intention of those novels was to nourish the base for the arrival of a Führer. In his historical novel Turlupin, Leo Perutz drafted a counter-model to the pathetic topos of those books. On the level of the plot and the narration techniques, in this seemingly conventional historical novel Turlupin, Perutz discussed the crisis of identity and by doing this he engaged in the manifold discourses of his time.

10

Nauka a religia. Historiografia problemu. Ewolucja poglądów na temat historycznych związków religii i nauki

80%

Kwaśniewski J.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2011

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nr 49

149-187

PL

The article shows the evolution of historians’ and sociologists’ views in 1874-2010 period how the historical relations between science and religion should be presented. The key theories have been discussed which are the milestones in this evolution: from 19th century Draper’s and White’s works which formed the so called conflict thesis to the present complexity thesis, which recognizes the religion as significant co-originator of modern science.

11

Jak Čechům vyprávět čínský příběh: recenze na nové Dějiny ČLR

80%

Lomová O.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2020

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tom 118

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nr 2

433-446

EN

The article provides critical review of the new general history of the People´s Republic of China recently published in Prague. It focuses on methodological naiveté of the authors who claim to bring new perspective on recent Chinese history, while they neglect recent scholarship, and indiscriminately use standard academic publication side by side with official party sanctioned histories, or former Soviet histories from the time of Sino-Soviet split, without considering a possible politically and ideologically motivated bias. The review also observes avoidance of crucial topics, such as the institutions of the Communist party, the disciplinary role of the re-education campaigns in early PRC, or the centrality of demands for political reform at certain points in PRC history. Insufficient precision in presentation of some basic historical facts makes the book under review not only methodologically immature and tendentious, but also unreliable as a source of data. It is surprising how such a poorly written book could receive support from a prestigious research grant and pass the scrutiny of the reviewers.

12

"Dělnická třída" v moderní sociální historiografii

80%

Pullmann M. , Rákosník J.

Dějiny - Teorie - Kritika (History - Theory - Criticism)

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2007

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tom 4

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nr 2

271-288

EN

Current historical debates about class formation and collective identities in the modern societies point out the importance of the analytical category of class. Th e essay reconstructs various approaches to the category of class in the modern historical writing - based on diff erentiation and polarizing social structures ( J. Kocka), class experience and class consciousness (E. P. Th ompson), class discourse (G. Stedman Jones), „imaginary institution of society“ (P. Joyce). Upon these approaches, we employ diff erent ways of historical explaining of the class formation to appreciate the issue of making and diff erentiation of normative patterns, allowing agents to identify suff ering as a social phenomenon and opening new struggles for recognition.

CS

Současné historické debaty o formování tříd a kolektivních identit v moderních společnostech poukazují k důležitosti analytické kategorie třídy. Esej představuje různé přístupy ke kategorii třídy v moderním historiografii - založené na rozrůznění a polarizaci společenských struktur (J. Kocka), třídní zkušenosti a povědomí (E. P. Thompson), třídním diskursu (G. Stedman Jones), „imaginární instituci společnosti“ (P. Joyce). Na těchto přístupech ukážeme různé cesty historického vysvětlení vzniku tříd, abychom ocenili vytváření a diferenciaci normativních vzorců, které umožnily aktérům určit utrpení jako sociální fenomén a otevřely nové boje za uznání.

13

Jaroslav Pánek a Český historický ústav v Římě

80%

Semotanová E.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2017

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tom 115

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nr 1

91-97

EN

In 2009, Jaroslav Pánek, as an internationally recognised researcher, became the Head of the Czech Historical Institute in Rome (Istituto Storico Ceco di Roma), a research institution of the Institute of History, Czech Academy of Sciences, a civic research institute, abroad. Research in the archives and libraries of the Vatican, Rome and other Italian cities is bringing forth many valuable results. The personality of Jaroslav Pánek, his ideas and long-term academic and organizational involvement have significantly impacted upon the activities of the Institute.

14

Współpraca polskich i niemieckich historyków z uniwersytetów w Szczecinie i Greifswaldzie na początku XXI wieku

80%

Wichert W. , Sulikowska A.

Studia Maritima

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2014

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tom 27/II

93-110

EN

The aim of the article is depiction of the scientific cooperation between historians from Szczecin and Greifswald which is continuously developed in the beginning of the 21st century. The cooperation based primary on the DAAD guest professorship of Prof. Joerg Hackemann at the Institute for History and International Relationships at the University of Szczecin, lectures held by Prof. Lutz Oberdörfer from Greifswald, workshops at the EMAU lead by Dr. Paweł Migdalski, various research projects presented there by Dr. Rafał Simiński and Dr. Tomasz Ślepowroński. To mention be in this context the activity of Prof. Włodzimierz Stępiński and Prof. Jan M. Piskorski in the German scientific life and their participation at many debates and historical conferences. The rich contacts between the historians from both Pomeranian universities are referred to in a new and original form of a Szczecin–Gryfino postgraduate programme, started in the 21st century by the Institute for History and International Relationships at the University of Szczecin and Historisches Institut Ernst Moritz Arndt Universität Greifswald. Within this undertaking two meetings of postgraduates took place where their scientific output was presented: on the 3rd/4th November 2010 in Szczecin and on the 26th/28th Mai 2011 in Greifswald. This initiative is for young researchers of importance – it allows their development outside of the only one, native research milieu. Unfortunately, the project of postgraduates from Szczecin and Greifswald is one of only few initiatives within the Polish-German historical neighbourhood.

15

Nauka historii na początku XXI wieku. Esej

80%

Strzelczyk J.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2014

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nr 3(352)

7-37

EN

The science of history, not only in Poland, faces serious dilemmas at the beginning of the 21st century, there being no indications that, similarly to its past status especially in the 19th century, it can aspire to the role of one of the major factors of social consciousness. Following the liberation (by far inconsistent and often mistrusted) of history as a science from rendering undue services of a non-pertinent nature it experienced and still does, erosive influences exerted by numerous theoretical trends and currents that put into question the validity and genuineness of the scientific character of history. Enormous progress in the field of heuristics and research organization (the latter disputable at times) does not always yield the expected fruits. The essay focuses on the “external” conditions and manifestations of the science of history in Poland, both of a positive and negative nature, only briefly touching upon some current research proposals. Then, on the example of medieval studies the author presents the current problems and achievements of this science, to show among others that many of the postulates and expectations of contemporary methodology and theory of history are actually realized in medieval studies. The concluding part brings reflections of a more general nature on the issue of contemporary place and tasks of the science of history.

16

Prasa polska na początku doby zaborów (1795–1815) jako obiekt refleksji historycznej

80%

Kolasa W. M.

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EN

This article briefly describes the Polish press from the years 1795–1815 and discusses the trends and results of research carried out in this field by historians after 1945. The citation analysis was widely used to evaluate the research achievements. Researchers showed little interest in the press of that time. Only 49 scholars in total worked in this area and they published 61 works cited 118 times within the parent discourse (history of the press) [including 42 times below the half-life period]. Kazimierz Ossowski (5 works) [8 citations] and Marian Kallas (6 works) [7 citations] could boast the greatest achievements in this field. The works published by Tadeusz Łepkowski [10] and Jerzy Łojek [3] also deserve attention. The greatest achievement in the analyzed area is a monograph by K. Ossowski "Prasa Księstwa Warszawskiego” (Warsaw, 2004). Other topics received much less attention. One also lacks synthetic analyses for the period 1796–1806 and monographs of the then leading newspapers, especially "Gazeta Warszawska” and "Gazeta Korespondenta Warszawskiego i Zagranicznego”

17

Międzynarodowa konferencja „Egodokumenty. Tradycje historiograficzne – perspektywy badawcze”, Toruń, 15 maja 2014 r.

80%

Wróbel Ł.

Rocznik Antropologii Historii

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2014

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nr 2(7), Historia i płeć

332-335

XX

Reported on the international conference “Egodocuments: research prospects of historiographical traditions”, Toruń, 15 May 2014.

18

The Study of the Hungarian Elites of the 19th and 20th Century

80%

Pál J.

Historica: revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy (Historica: Review in history and related sciences)

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2014

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tom 5

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nr 2

221-237

EN

The paper summarizes the latest results of the research conducted by the Hungarian historiography on the Hungarian elites of the 19th and 20th century. Empirical research on the political elite of the Dual Monarchy started as early as the inter-war period. A clarification of the concepts and an initiation of empirical research in the field were attempted at the end of the 1970s and the beginning of the 1980s. After 1989, several scientists have continued studying the political, economic, military, intellectual elite and other elite groups, and it seems that remarkable results have been achieved in the field of elite studies, even though they are not in the main stream of the Hungarian historiography. Research in this field continues to present day.

19

Jaroslav Pánek a dějiny raného novověku na přelomu tisíciletí

80%

Vorel P.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2017

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tom 115

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nr 1

25-46

EN

Jaroslav Pánek belongs, without any doubt, amongs the most important Czech historians at the turn of the 21st century in the context of the entire historical community. Yet, his relevance to the development of Early Modern Age research can be seen as fundamentally crucial, impacting on the entire discipline community long-term both methodically and thematically. His monumental publication output relates to conceptual, theoretical-methodological and factographical issues.

20

Mikrohistorie a historická antropologie:

80%

Nodl M.

Dějiny - Teorie - Kritika (History - Theory - Criticism)

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2004

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tom 1

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nr 2

237-252

EN

This article seeks to define the relationship between historical anthropology and three different levels of the conception of microhistory: 1) microhistory, the heroes ofwhich are representatives ofthe lower strata of society, marginal or exceptional individuals; 2) microhistory of conflict; 3) “demographic” or „population11 microhistory. On the basis of comparison of the original methodological starting points of Italian micro-historians with the microhistorical works of the 1980s and 90s, it emphasises the experimental character of this microhistorical research, considering he issue in the context ofthe work ofhistorians who openly identified with micro-history, and looking in detail at the examples of Carlo Ginzburg a and Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie. On the other hand, with reference to study of the relations between microhistory and prosopography it shows that a whole range ofmicrohistorical approaches have deeper roots in the medievalist scholarship ofthe 1950s and 60s and that the novelty ofthe later decades consisted primarily in the posing of anthropological questions and emphasis on the sublateral strata of society, conceived not quantitatively by through exceptional individuals. The article takes a very critical view of the so-called “demographic” microhistory cultivated by the Gottingen School, and tries to show that it lacks and genetic kinship to the two other microhistorical approaches outlined and that here the only criterion of microhistoricity is the limitation ofresearch to a very small local community and its family structures.