Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Geographic information dream

100%

Horáková A.

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nr 4

287–295

EN

Geographic information system (hereinafter GIS) enables space data to save, operate and analyse. Therefore it is primarily defined for branches that are based on dealing with spatially usable data (e.g. cartography, transport, public administration etc.). Nevertheless, GIS has its use in other branches as well – it can be applied in such cases when information of focused phenomenon is operated and when at the same time this phenomenon is connected with specific area (e.g. in archaeology, architecture, preservation of monuments etc.).

2

Landscape evolution in the area of Kazimierski Landscape Park

100%

Sobczyński D. , Karsznia I.

Polish Cartographical Review

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2019

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tom Vol. 51, No. 2

81--94

EN

The presented research concerning the landscape evolution of the area of the Kazimierski Landscape Park assumed the analysis of landscape changes that took place in the western part of the Nałęczów Plateau in eastern Poland as a result of increased anthropopressure. To achieve this goal, the diverse data was employed: archives of the “Archeological Survey of Poland” obtained from the National Heritage Board of Poland , the registry data from the 16th century made available as part of the “Atlas Fontium” project elaborated by the Institute of History of the Polish Academy of Sciences, old map of the Western Galicia from 1808, a tactical map of the Military Geographical Institute in Warsaw from 1937, and the “Topographic Objects Database” (BDOT10k) obtained from the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography. Based on the analysed data, maps presenting the development of the settlement network from the moment of permanent settlement of the area up to the present state and maps showing the changes in land use in the Kazimierski Landscape Park over the last centuries have been designed. The results of historical and geographical analyses carried out as part of the research were compared with the results of geomorphological research conducted in the studied area. Verification of the obtained results allowed to determine the scope in which man influenced the evolution of the landscape of the analysed area, including its diversification depending on the historical period and the type of the economy. The process of georeferencing the map of Western Galicia elaborated by colonel A.M. von Heldensfeld from 1808 and the tactical map 1:100,000 of Military Geographical Institute from 1937 covering the research area (14,974 ha) was carried out in the ArcGIS Desktop software. The calibration process was evaluated in the Map Analyst program which makes it possible to analyze the distortions of old maps. Then, vectorization of selected terrain coverage classes and visualization of spatial data were conducted. This way, the land use maps were analyzed in terms of environmental changes that occurred over the past centuries by identifying the areas with the largest development changes. The obtained results were compared with the database of historical objects created for the purposes of this research, based on data provided by the National Heritage Board of Poland and the Institute of History of the Polish Academy of Sciences in order to determine the development trends of the settlement network in the region. The additional statistical analysis made it possible to determine the trend of changes and to interpret the distribution of areas threatened by the occurrence of mass movements with the analyzed anthropogenic determinants.

3

Geostatistical analysis of spatial variability of the liquefaction potential – Case study of a site located in Algiers (Algeria)

100%

Bouguerba S. E. , Zandagui D. , Benhchilif S.

Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica

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2021

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tom Vol. 43, nr 2

155-168

EN

The city of Algiers (Algeria) is a highly seismic area, and therefore, soil liquefaction poses a major concern for structures resting on sandy soil. A campaign of 62 static penetration tests or cone penetrometer tests (CPT) was carried out on a site located in the commune of Dar El Beïda in Algiers. The soil Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) values were assessed, for each borehole, based on the simplified procedure of Seed and Idriss. On the other hand, the geographic information system and geostatistical analysis were used to quantify the risk of soil liquefaction at the studied site. It is worth mentioning that the (LPI) was taken as a regionalized variable. In addition, the experimental variogram was modeled on the basis of a spherical model. Also, the interpolation of the LPI values in the unsampled locations was performed by the Kriging technique using both isotropic and anisotropic models. Kriging standard deviation maps were produced for both cases. The cross-validation showed that the anisotropic model exhibited a better fit for the interpolation of the values of the soil liquefaction potential. The results obtained indicated that a significant part of the soil is liable to liquefy, in particular in the northwestern region of the study area. The findings suggest that there is a proportional relationship between the risk of liquefaction and the increase or decrease in seismic acceleration.

4

Application of geographical information systems for a city emergency management

100%

Kot K. , Rumiński J. , Nowakowski A.

TASK Quarterly : scientific bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk

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1998

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tom Vol. 2, No 1

167-176

EN

This paper presents basic information about GIS and reveals a process of creating a system application for city emergency purposes. Traditional and modified rescue processing schemes are presented and compared. As a result a model of an optimal integrated emergency management system is described and tested by a trial software implementation based on Gdansk area data.

5

Spatial Decision Support Systems: a conning of age

100%

Keenan P. B.

Control and Cybernetics

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2006

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tom Vol. 35, no 1

9-27

EN

Decision Support Systems (DDS) have developed to exploit Information Technology (IT) to assist decision-makers in a wide variety of fields. The need to use spatial data in many of these diverse fields has led to increasing interest in the development, of Spatial Decision Support. Systems (SDSS) based around the Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. Tlie paper examines the relationship between SDSS and GIS and suggests that SDSS is poised for further development owing to improvement, in technology and the greater availability of spatial data.

6

Use of geographic information systems in crisis management

100%

Ładysz J.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki

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2017

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tom Nr 3

32--43

EN

The article identifies the possibilities and areas of application of geographic information systems in the implementation of crisis management tasks in public administration and it analyzes examples of their use in crisis management. It has been shown that in crisis situations these systems help to take a reasoned decision that is close to the optimum, in contrast to the common practice of intuitive decision- making in emergency situations.

7

Determining hotspots of sonar targets related to chemical munitions dumped in Bornholm Deep and Gotland Deep using GIS

100%

Majcher J. , Grabowski M. , Bełdowski J.

Hydroacoustics

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2017

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tom Vol. 20

121--128

EN

According to the Helsinki Commission report from 1994 around 15000 tonnes of chemical warfare agents were dumped to the Baltic Sea after World War II as part of the demilitarization process of the former Nazi Germany. Continuing corrosion of metal encasements makes the dumped munitions a ticking time-bomb, which could potentially harm the whole Baltic Basin. The presented work addresses important aspects for a proper evaluation of the threat; side scan sonar survey data storage and analysis of a spatial distribution of the sonar targets potentially related to chemical weapons. The chosen software environment was GIS oriented. ESRI ArcGIS built-in tools were used to determine the hotspots of the targets on the official post-war munitions dumping sites; Gotland Deep and Bornholm Deep. The automation process of mapping in GIS was also proposed. Therefore, a holistic approach for digital mapping of the sonar targets related to dumped munitions was created.

8

Types of computer models in spatial planning

100%

Litwińska E.

Logistics and Transport

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2010

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tom Vol. 11, No. 2

17-24

EN

The complex nature of cities and regions need proper tools to explain how a particular phenomenon comes about or to help in building plans. Such a tool is a computer model that is able to simulate different aspects of processes occuring both in urban areas and in regions. The first attempt to apply computer modeling was in the 1960s. The aim of the paper is presentation the following types of models: transport-allocation models, cellular automata, multi-agent models and models related to Geographic Information Systems (GIS).

9

The information base on surveying services for investments - methodological issues concerning creation of dictionaries and queries

100%

Kowalski R. , Zaczek-Peplińska J. , Pepliński R.

Reports on Geodesy

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2005

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tom z. 3/74

283-292

EN

The initial concept of the Information Base on Surveying Services for Engineering Investments, presented during the Conference "Geoinformation in Poland" in Warsaw, 2004 resuIted in high interest of experts dealing with geographic information systems, in their wide context. According to authors' intentions, the proposed information base, is to store information concerning tasks implemented in relation to surveying services performed for the needs of building objects. Its basic objective is to present the field of engineering geodesy for the needs of didactic tasks, as well as to distribute proper standards of surveying works. The basic issue, which occurs during development of database structures for data collection, is determination of a set of parameters, which are common for various engineering objects and which allow to search for data following queries asked by the user. Grouping of objects according to their basic features, related not only to object geometry or functionality, but also to surveying works performed during object implementation and exploitation, as well as to developed documentation, is the basic condition of efficient searching and presentation of data. This issue focuses on unification of an object description and development of appropriate dictionaries. The issue of identification of an information unit in the information base will be described in the paper using the example of settlement of surveying services elements due to diversification of objects it is difficuIt to define and distinguish particular works performed by a surveyor; therefore there is no simple opportunity to compare surveying works performed in the course of object implementation.

10

Assessment of Soil Degradation Based on Soil Properties and Spatial Analysis in Dryland Farming

100%

Kartini N. L. , Saifulloh M. , Trigunasih N. M. , Narka I. W.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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tom Vol. 24, nr 4

368--375

EN

Dryland farming, managed intensively, with the input of chemical fertilizers exceeding the dose threshold, can cause soil degradation. Degraded soil affects low environmental carrying capacity and soil and water conservation. Researchers conduct soil tests on agricultural land to address this issue, especially those that apply a continuous cropping system. This study aimed to examine soil properties to determine the conditions of soil degradation in dryland farming. The method integrates spatial analysis with Geographic Information Systems (GIS), field surveys, and laboratory soil samples analysis. The spatial data used to map the potential for soil degradation includes land use, slope, rainfall, and soil type. Integrating spatial and laboratory data, such as soil physical, chemical, and biological properties results in soil degradation status conditions representing the actual conditions in the field. This study found that there were three classes of soil degradation successively, namely mild, moderate, and high. There are two statuses of soil degradation, including non-degraded and light soil degradation status. The soils with a mild degree of degradation are due to the limiting factors of permeability, fractional composition, and total porosity. Some actions that can be taken include planning soil degradation prevention measures by utilizing soil degradation potential maps that have been made for areas with high soil degradation potential. For the sites with a status of soil degradation, efforts are made to start carrying out soil improvement actions in accordance with conservation principles to reduce the soil degradation that occurs. Moreover, organic matter is added to degraded and potentially degraded soils to increase the stability of soil aggregates and water-carrying capacity.

11

Urban Heat Island Index Change Detection Based on Land Surface Temperature, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Built-Up Index: A Case Study

100%

Mas'uddin , Karlinasari L. , Pertiwi S. , Erizal

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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tom Vol. 24, nr 11

91--107

EN

Climate change is a matter of considerable global importance, as evidenced by the increased urban surface temperatures in developed and undeveloped areas. Hence, this study aims to analyze the threshold and index of the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon within the urban region of Bima City, located in Indonesia. The study was undertaken by utilizing sequential data from 2016, 2019, and 2022 obtained from the Google Earth Engine portal. The analysis focused on the assessment of UHI by examining land surface temperature (LST), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI). Algorithms that operate on a single channel are employed to compute the land surface temperature. The findings indicate that the LST peaked in 2016 at 32.54 which rose to 35.08 in 2019 and increased to 39.18 in 2022. This implies a progressive rise in the LST of Bima City as time progresses. Moreover, it was observed that LST exhibited a positive correlation with the NDBI while displaying a negative correlation with the NDVI. The urban heat island phenomenon has been observed to possess the capacity to elevate ambient air temperatures in urban regions by as much as 3 when compared to suburban areas. In addition to considering both developed and undeveloped regions, it is important to acknowledge the observed changes in the UHI threshold in Bima City. Specifically, the UHI threshold has exhibited an upward trend, rising from 26.73 in 2016 to 29.57 in 2019 and 31.21 in 2022.

12

Quantification and Evaluation of Water Erosion by RUSLE/GIS Approach in the Ykem Watershed (Western Morocco)

88%

Aoufa M. , Baghdad B. , El Hadi H. , Chakiri S. , Hamoud A. , Zoraa N. , Zerdeb M. A. , Moussa K.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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tom Vol. 23, iss. 5

42--53

EN

The Water erosion of soils considered the main cause of soil degradation in Morocco. Soil erosion not only reduces agricultural productivity but also reduces water availability, and negatively contributes to the quality of drinking water sources. Consequently, the assessment of soil erosion risk has become the objective of several researches at the Moroccan level. It is in this context the purpose of this study is to assess the soil erosion risk using a Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) / Geographic Information System (GIS) approach at the scale of the watershed of the Oued Ykem (western Morocco). (GIS) techniques were adopted to process the data obtained at the watershed scale, of reasonable spatial resolution (30 m) for the application of the RUSLE model. The latter is a multiplication of the five factors of erosion: the rainfall erosivity (R), the soil erodibility (K), the slope length and steepness (LS), the cover and management and the support practice (P). Each of these factors has been expressed as a thematic map. The Oued Ykem watershed is an elongated coastal basin with an area of 516 km2. It is part of the Atlantic coastal basins of western Morocco. It is located southwest of the city of Rabat. Oued Ykem is characterized by a semi-arid climate with oceanic influence. Rare and irregular rains, mostly stormy in nature, combined with deforestation, cause erosion and irregular flow. Its flow-rate increases during the winter. Extreme flows-rate can be recorded after exceptional and very intense showers upstream of the basin. The resulting soil loss map, with an average erosion rate varying from 0 to 54 t/ha/year, showed low erosion. Areas with a strong erosion rate exceeding 30 t/ ha/ year cover about 3.8 % of the basin area. The analysis of the erosion risk map, in comparison with the maps of the different factors in the equation, showed a clear and important influence of the vegetation cover on the soil erosion (C factor is from 0.03 to 0.9), followed by the topographic factor, especially the slope (LS factor varies from 0 to 56.71).

13

Vector algebra for Steep Slope Model analysis

88%

Kolecka N.

Landform Analysis

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2012

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tom Vol. 21

17-25

EN

Geographic Information Systems offer many algorithms that allow analysis of digital elevation models. They work with both GRID and TIN data, but they are limited to 2.5D models, where one planar (X,Y) position refers to only one vertical (Z) value. In mountainous regions, however, many steep, vertical and even overhung parts of rock walls and slopes occur. GRID and TIN models in a standard projection are not capable to deal with such a relief as they are not able to capture all complexity of steep slopes that can be observed from the terrestrial perspective. Such a perspective can be introduced into GIS via computer graphics software that allows 3D surface modelling by means of mesh, e.g. 3D triangular network. The paper presents a concept that implements 3D mesh in GIS and utilizes vector algebra to analyze such a surface. The idea is based on using normal vectors to compute slope and aspect of each triangle in a mesh. The computed values are saved as their attributes. Complete procedures are written in Python programming language and implemented into popular GIS software to work as a plug-in tool.

14

Landslide susceptibility assessment in Constantine region (NE Algeria) by means of statistical models

88%

Manchar N. , Benabbas C. , Hadji R. , Bouaicha F. , Grecu F.

Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica

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2018

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tom Vol. 40, nr 3

208--219

EN

The purpose of the present study was to compare the prediction performances of three statistical methods, namely, information value (IV), weight of evidence (WoE) and frequency ratio (FR), for landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) at the east of Constantine region. A detailed landslide inventory of the study area with a total of 81 landslide locations was compiled from aerial photographs, satellite images and field surveys. This landslide inventory was randomly split into a testing dataset (70%) for training the models, and the remaining (30%) was used for validation purpose. Nine landslide-related factors such as slope gradient, slope aspect, elevation, distance to streams, lithology, distance to lineaments, precipitation, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and stream density were used in the landslide susceptibility analyses. The inventory was adopted to analyse the spatial relationship between these landslide factors and landslide occurrences. Based on IV, WoE and FR approaches, three landslide susceptibility zonation maps were categorized, namely, “very high, high, moderate, low, and very low”. The results were compared and validated by computing area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). From the statistics, it is noted that prediction scores of the FR, IV and WoE models are relatively similar with 73.32%, 73.95% and 79.07%, respectively. However, the map, obtained using the WoE technique, was experienced to be more suitable for the study area. Based on the results, the produced LSM can serve as a reference for planning and decision-making regarding the general use of the land.

15

Database for the purpose of integrated coastal zone management

88%

Gajewski J. , Stachowiak A. , Żarki I.

TASK Quarterly : scientific bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk

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2000

|

tom Vol. 4, No 1

103-108

EN

The database was created in response to the need of obtaining complex information necessary for efficient management of the Polish coastal zone. Database preparation processes are co-ordinated within the EU PHARE project focusing on harmonising such databases in Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia and Poland. The majority of the information concerns the geographical objects, therefore the database was generated with application of Geographic Information Systems.

16

Informational support on creation of the geoportal "Environmental Safety of Ukrainian-Polish Transboundary Territories" by technologies of robotized monitoring

88%

Mokryy V. , Tomin V. , Niska M. , Moroz O. , Petrushka I. , Bobush O. , Tsyhaniuk A. , Grechanyk R. , Shemelynets I.

Studia Quaternaria

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2020

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tom Vol. 37, Nr 1

15--19

EN

The concept of creation of the geoportal "Environmental Safety of Ukrainian-Polish Transboundary Territories" has been developed. General principles and methodological approaches of spatiotemporal geographically distributed thematic data integration were substantiated. The geoinformation system, which is based on results of monitoring researches of objects of the nature reserve fund in the biosphere reserve "Roztochya", is considered. The geoinformation monitoring technologies ensure ecological safety management. The proposed geoportal determines directions of information technology implementation for transboundary monitoring of ecosystems in the euroregions.

17

Mapová aplikace Lidový oděv na Moravě a etnokartografická prezentace kabátového oděvu

88%

Šimša M.

Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

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2014

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tom 24

|

nr 3

217 - 231

EN

In 2011, the National Institute of Folk Culture in Strážnice was charged to solve the project titled Traditional Folk Dress in Moravia; Identification, analysis, preservation and continually sustainable condition of collection material from 1850–1950. Within this task, a plethora of expert outputs of identification or analytic nature came into being. Many of them were presented to the professional and amateur public in the form of expert studies or publications. The information about documented garments could only be made available thanks to the GIS map web Folk Dress in Moravia. The web shall provide the researchers with source information about the folk garments placed in collections of Czech and Moravian museums. Particular types of garments, such as trousers, vests, jackets, coats, shirts, blouses, skirts and women’s waistcoats or bodices etc. will be identified according to united systematics and the acquired information will be placed in a database. It allows to compare the garments and to form a group with identical properties. Based on these properties, particular types and variants thereof are presented on the map. The depicted pictograms of garments allow to move to a database card, in which not only the source information but also drawings and pattern sketches are included.

18

Methodology for mapping the average transaction prices of residential premises using GIS

88%

Sosnowska M. , Karsznia I.

Polish Cartographical Review

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2016

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tom Vol. 48, No. 4

161--171

EN

Geographic information systems (GIS) and their tools support the process of real estate trading. Of key importance is the ability to visualise information about real estate in the form of maps of average real estate transaction prices. The following study presents a methodology for mapping average real estate transaction prices using GIS. The map development process comprised three main stages. In the first stage, the input data was processed and statistically analysed. Official data came from the Register of Real Estate Prices and Values, and open data from the National Register of Boundaries. The second stage involved the visualization of the data in the form of maps of average apartment prices using the cartographic methods of choropleth maps and diagrams. The commercial tool ArcMap 10.3 and the free Quantum GIS software were used in the design of the maps of average real estate transaction prices, to check the options for using these types of programs. As a result, eight maps were designed presenting the average transaction prices for residential properties in the Warsaw district of Ursynów in 2015. The final stage was the analysis of the designed maps. The influence of the selection of the reference units on the visualization content, and the impact of combining cartographic presentation methods on the complexity of the presentation of real estate information, were also analysed.

19

Geospatial Study on Forest Fire Disasters – A GIS Approach

88%

Rao G. N. , Rao P. J. , Duvvuru R. , Beulah K. , Rathnala P. , Lydia E. L. , Balakrishna B. , Motru V. R.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

|

tom Vol. 24, iss. 1

302--311

EN

The science and technology is reaching to greater heights in recent decades, that the scientists are also not antici-pated that it would change the facet of human life. However, disasters are challenging scientific community and its intensity and numbers of events are increasing in recent years. Disasters are classified into two types, i.e., natural and man-made. Ancient human beings were used fire to cook their food. Once they were habituated to eat cooked food, their digestive system started working properly which resulted in wise thinking. One of the most risky fiascos is fire. Notwithstanding its immediate risk on living souls’, fire consumes woods. Trees that are giving oxygen to people, in this way, trees are viewed as lungs for solid life. Consistently, huge number of rapidly spreading fires happening all around the world they consume forested lands, causing unfriendly environmental and social effects. Early admonition and prompt reactions are the main available resources to battle such kind of calamities. This exploration work centers guileless techniques which are utilized to recognize forest fire susceptibility index (FFSI) and fire examination in Greater Visakhapatnam municipal corporation.

20

Digital Mapping and Spatial Analysis of Quarries Using GIS – A Case Study of Settat Province, Morocco

88%

Nabil A. , Yahya K. , Yassine B. , Said H.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2021

|

tom Vol. 22, iss. 1

83--91

EN

The province of Settat plays a key role in supplying the building materials that meet the needs of the province as well as the provincial construction and public work sectors. Indeed, the province is full of natural potential in raw materials and counts more than 109 quarries. This study aimed to build a quarrying database in the province of Settat to both characterize the materials mined and map the quarries through the Geographic Information System (GIS). This mapping allowed conducting the geographical distribution analysis of quarries by territorial unit and type of materials. The results revealed a predominance of carbonate quarries, especially in the Ben Ahmed circle. This distribution can be explained by natural, economic, and logistical factors characterizing the study area.